Recognition of welding defects in swage welds by A.

09 April 2020
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Introduction – ITP Pipe in Pipe sytem

ITP’s solution offers an efficient pipe insulation on top of quick installation possibility.
Sleeve (thermal protection of
joint between 2 pipes)

Pipeline composed of
inner pipe and outer pipe

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Introduction – ITP Pipe in Pipe sytem

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The Swage weld

The pipe in pipes are joint together by welding. The weld, is a critical point where there
are accumulation of stress higher than in other areas of the pipe.

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The swage weld and its associated defects

The welding can be performed by various process but generally GTAW + SAW or GTAW +
FCAW process are used.

During the process of welding, some defect can be generated. H

D
G
F Ch C
It’s important to detect the defects and evaluate their A
E I
Bh
acceptability. Bv

Inner Pipe
Type of possible weld defects
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The swage weld and its associated defects

Defect
Location Flaw Type Example of flaw
D group
H A Undercut / LoF
G 1 Cap D Undercut / ME / LoF / (can be simulated by EDM notch)
F Ch C H crack
E I E LoF
A Bh F LoIRF / Slag
Bv 2 Buried F Cluster Porosity
G LoF
Inner Pipe I LoF at interface between TIG+SAW (not applicable for full SAW welds)
Bv Undercut
Type of possible weld defects Bh LoP / LoRF
3 Cap
C LoP / LoRF
Ch Slag / LoRF / root crack
Legend: FBH: Flat bottom hole, LoF: Lack of fusion, LoIRF: Lack of inter run fusion, LoP: Lack of penetration,
LoRF: Lack of root fusion

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 The swage and Nondestructive testing (NDT)

The main method of inspection is the Ultrasonic Testing (UT) method.

Conventional UT Automatic U.T

(manual U.T). (AUT)

Inner pipe

0°
probe scanning area 1
scanning motion

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The swage and Nondestructive testing (NDT)
The Ultrasonic principle is based on Echo evaluation. (a signal is emitted from a sensor
which rebounds back on any surface discontinuity. The time of travel reveals the
location of the surface discontinuity)

The defects are identified by a method of comparison with what is called calibration
blocks.

Artificial defects are machined in a block of material. Those defects are scanned by AUT
and the shape of signal serves as reference to evaluate future defects.

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AUT Output

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AUT Output

Example of excess of penetration measurement

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Tomoviewer

Tomoviwer

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