 Studying efficiency of three types of single-phase transformers under

resistive load.
 Three types of single-phase transformers under capacitive and
inductive load.

STUDENT NAME: Mohamad Shahbour

ID: 41410007
DUE DATE: 2-4-2020

OBJECTIVE

-Investigating a transformer’s voltage behavior when it is connected to resistive load and

determining its efficiency as a function of the load.
-Investigating and interpreting a transformer’s voltage behavior when it is connected to an inductive
or capacitive load.

HYPOTHESIS AND RULES

-What are the differences between the three types of the transformers?
-What characteristics differences does a transformer exhibit when connected to resistive, inductive,
or capacitive load?
-Where does efficiency reach its maximum?

EQUIPMENT USED AND ROLE OF EACH

-LTSpice: Simulating software

-Ordinary transformer
-Toroidal transformer
-Auto transformer
-Resistor
-Inductor
-Capacitor
-Voltage source
-Connecting wires
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter

EXPECTED RESULTS / SIMULATION

1- Ordinary transformer:-
a- After adding three separate resistors in parallel to the secondary winding and by setting
the load’s resistance value until rated current flows to the secondary side. Measure the
current values on the two sides. The current transformation ratio is : I1/I2 = N2/N1.
Measure the voltage on the secondary side and calculate the effective power and
efficiency. ( P1 = V1.I1 COS& , P2 = V2.I2 , efficiency = P2/P1 )
b- After inserting an inductive load, take measurements for secondary current and voltage.
c- Replace inductive load with capacitive load and then repeat the measurements.
 2- Toroidal transformer:-
a- After adding a resistive load to the secondary winding and by setting the load’s resistance
value until rated current flows to the secondary side. Measure the current values on the
two sides. The current transformation ratio is : I1/I2 = N2/N1. Measure the voltage on the
secondary side and calculate the effective power and efficiency.
b- After inserting an inductive load, take measurements for secondary current and voltage.
c- Replace inductive load with capacitive load and then repeat the measurements.

3- Auto transformer:-
a- After adding a resistive load to the secondary winding and by setting the load’s resistance
value until rated current flows to the secondary side. Measure the current values on the
two sides. The current transformation ratio is : I1/I2 = N1/N1+N2. Measure the voltage
on the secondary side and calculate the effective power and efficiency.
b- After inserting an inductive load, take measurements for secondary current and voltage.
c- Replace inductive load with capacitive load and then repeat the measurements.
 Evaluation
RESULTS

(ORDINARY) V1 I1 COS V2 I2 P1 P2 EFFICIENCY

LOAD & P2/P1
RESISTANCE
615 230V 149.2mA 54 110.2V 179.3mA 20.7W 19.75W 97.9%
315 230V 207mA 34 109.5V 347.8mA 38.5W 38W 98.7%
83 229.6V 625.6mA 9 105.5V 1.27A 141.8W 134W 95%
75 229.6V 685mA 5.4 105V 1.4A 156.5W 147W 94%
(TOROIDAL) V1 I1 COS V2 I2 P1 P2 EFFICIENCY
LOAD & P2/P1
RESISTANCE
615 229.8V 109.8mA 14.4 121.1V 197mA 24.4W 23.8W 97.7%
315 229.6V 206mA 9 121V 380.3mA 46.7W 46W 98.5%
83 230V 741.1mA 18 115.4V 1.4A 162.1W 161.56W 99.6%
75 229.8V 815.2mA 1.8 114.7V 1.5A 187.2W 172W 92%
(AUTO) V1 I1 COS V2 I2 P1 P2 EFFICIENCY
LOAD & P2/P1
RESISTANCE
615 230V 178.3mA 9 154.7V 251.6mA 40.5W 39W 96.1%
315 229.8V 337.7mA 3.6 154.4V 490.4mA 77.4W 75.7W 97.8%
83 229.7V 1.2mA 3.6 152.8V 1.8A 275.1W 275W 99.9%
75 229.7V 1.37A 1.44 152.6V 2A 314.5W 305.2W 97%

(ORDINARY) V2 I2
LOAD INDUCTANCE
2H 111V 178mA
1.6 H 111V 222mA
0.8 H 111V 442.7mA
0.4 H 111V 884.1mA
(TOROIDAL) V2 I2
LOAD INDUCTANCE
2H 122.2V 195.8mA
1.6 H 122.2V 244.4mA
0.8 H 122.2V 487.4mA
0.4 H 122.2V 972.2mA
(AUTO) V2 I2
LOAD INDUCTANCE
2H 155.1V 245.1mA
1.6 H 155.1V 306.3mA
0.8 H 155.1V 614.7mA
0.4 H 155.1V 1.2A
 (ORDINARY) V2 I2
LOAD CAPACITANCE
4 MF 111V 139.6mA
8 MF 111V 279.2mA
12 MF 111V 418.8mA
16 MF 111V 558.3mA
20 MF 111V 697.8mA
(TOROIDAL) V2 I2
LOAD CAPACITANCE
4 MF 122.2V 153.6mA
8 MF 122.2V 307.2mA
12 MF 122.2V 460.6mA
16 MF 122.2V 614.1mA
20 MF 122.2V 767.3mA
(AUTO) V2 I2
LOAD CAPACITANCE
4 MF 155.1V 195mA
8 MF 155.1V 389.8mA
12 MF 155.1V 584.7mA
16 MF 155.1V 779.7mA
20 MF 155.1V 974.6mA
 CONCLUSION

1- In ordinary transformer, when a resistive or inductive load connected, secondary voltage

decreases as load current increase. When a capacitive load connected, secondary voltage increase
as load current increase.
2- In toroidal transformer, when a resistive or inductive load connected, secondary voltage decreases
as load current increase. When a capacitive load connected, secondary voltage increase as load
current increase. However, appropriate to the smaller relative short circuit voltage, the
dependency on load is less.
3- In auto transformer, when a resistive or inductive load connected, secondary voltage decreases as
load current increase. When a capacitive load connected, secondary voltage increase as load
current increase. However, appropriate to the smaller relative short circuit voltage, the
dependency on load is less.
4- The efficiency of the toroidal transformer when loaded is about 90-95% as compared to the
efficiency of other transformers, which is generally less than 90%
5- For upward transformation, the secondary voltage of the auto transformer behaves like a
transformer with separate windings.