Exercise 3

1. A steel with grade ASTM A516 grade 70 steel plate show in the attachment. This plate is
one of the raw material for underwater project for construction new port in Bintulu,
Sarawak.
a. Calculate the carbon Ceq for ASTM A515 grade 70 in the attachment 1.
b. Name the main and secondary elements for Ceq contributor. Provide three (3)
element that not contribute to the Carbon equivalent.
c. Why determine the carbon equivalent is important in underwater welding.

2. Explain the factors that contribute to hydrogen cracking.

3. Explain with your own words how to avoid the hydrogen induced cracking in dry welding.
4. Explain the purpose of recommended to used nickel content alloy electrode and
stainless steel alloy electrode for wet welding.