Test 1 1~143 9.

_________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ oxygen, and most do both.
was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. A. Working fire extinguishers
A. in disease B. Fire extinguishers that work
B. that disease C. Fire extinguishers work
C. of disease D. The work of fire extinguishers
D. about disease
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the many people _________ and gave them an
Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. she was the first woman to conduct A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. the first woman conductor B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. the woman was first conducting C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. the woman conducts first D. own their automobiles to purchase

3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became 11. Frances Perkins, _________ of the United States
_________ to sing a major role at New York City’s cabinet, served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from
Metropolitan Opera House. 1933 to 1945.
A. the first African American A. the first female member
B. the first African American was B. was the first female member
C. she was the first African American C. the first female member who
D. when the first African American D. of whom the first female member

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the 12. When _________ to dough and heated, carbon dioxide
decentralization of cities throughout the United States, is released, causing the dough to rise.
_________ when massive highway-building programs A. is added baking powder
permitted greater suburban growth. B. added baking powder is
A. and accelerated a phenomenon C. is baking powder added
B. a phenomenon that accelerated D. baking powder is added
C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon 13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar
traits in succeeding generations, geneticists use the
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of theory of probability.
California before _________ President. A. The calculation of
A. he became B. To calculate
B. when becoming C. Is calculating
C. became D. Calculated
D. did he become
14. Big-band jazz relies on fixed arrangements, where
6. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range _________ than one instrument playing some of the
in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in parts, rather than on improvisation.
varying quantities. A. is more
A. Their botanical classification as berries B. whenever more
B. Although their botanical classification as berries C. there is more
C. Because berries being their botanical classification D. more
D. Classified botanically as berries
15. Because of _________ diversity, seven separate
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also groupings or divisions of algae have been established
frequently used in modern orchestral music. by botanists.
A. a basic instrument A. them
B. basic instrument B. so that
C. how basic an instrument it is C. those
D. as an instrument is basic D. their

8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are 16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers
exclusively functional processes: they are of of genetic material, _________ of DNA and various
significance only _________ instrumental in the types of protein.
development of experience. A. consisting
A. as they are B. as to consist
B. are they C. consist
C. there are D. which consisting
D. are
17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys
on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
 27. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth’s atmosphere, but
if they are moving _________, they can form a crater
18. _________ “nova” means new, novas are actually stars on impact.
that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into A. enough fast
brilliance. B. fast enough
A. That C. so fast enough
B. Why D enough are fast
C. Although
D. It is 28. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal
gland, an integral part of the endocrine system.
19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________, A. kidney which is
Mars takes longer to complete a revolution. B. kidney is
A. Earth is C. kidney being
B. is from Earth D. kidney
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth 29. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium
plating of _________ such as iron and steel.
20. A social system is _________ of social relations that A. easily corroded metals
draws the behavior of its members toward the core B. metals are easily corroded
values of the group. C. corroded metals that easily
A. a complex network D. how easily metals corroded
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and 30. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter, the smallest
D. a network that is complex particle of an element _________ into chemical
combination.
21. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light A. that can enter
that passes through stained glass, _________ the glass B. can it enter
sparkle. C. when entering it can
A. which making D. that enters can
B. and making
C. making 31. All the major cities of the United States, ________ the
D. to making cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, began
as centers of trade.
22. Fog is common near _________ inland bodies of water A. and to include
and along coasts in temperate zones. B. which including
A. there are large C. included
B. large D. including
C. either large
D. where large
32. Settled by English Puritans in 1630, Boston became
23. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art _________ .
makes it _________ valuable source of history. A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
A. and a B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital
B. so that a C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
C. a D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
D. is a
33. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to
24. _______ by the United States government’s Bureau of determine _________ they are heading.
Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares A. the direction in which
current costs of goods and services with past costs. B. to where the direction
A. To prepare C. that direction of which
B. As it prepared D. where the direction
C. When preparation
D. Prepared 34. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or
vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.
25. _________ carries the genes, which determine the A. what
hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism. B. in which
A. The chromosome C. in whose
B. The chromosome that D. that
C. Whereas the chromosome
D. There is a chromosome 35. Published in 1957, John Cheever’s first novel, The
Wapshot Chronicle, earned _________ the National
26. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds Book Award.
called carbides. A. that he had
A. Carbon reacting B. him
B. Carbon reacts C. was his
C. The reaction of carbon D. to him
D. When carbon reacts
36. As seen from the Earth at night, _________ planet 45. By the mid-twentieth century, United States presidential
Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars in staffs, _________ had numbered fewer than ten a
maximum brightness, after Venus and Mars. century earlier, numbered in the hundreds.
A. when the A. as
B. in which the B. that they
C. the C. which
D. and the D. and

37. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube 46. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United
and is used extensively in advertising displays. States attended kindergarten, _________ in 1985
A. Neon that almost 82 percent did so.
B. When neon A. with
C. Neon B. which
D. There is neon C. whether
D. while
38. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short, wet
winters followed by long, dry summers. 47. _________ industries, inventions, and communal
A. are trees and shrubs endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is their fine
B. how trees and shrubs furniture.
C. trees and shrubs have A. Of the many
D. trees and shrubs B. Their many
C. Are the many
39. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United D. Many of the
States policy concerning the activities and rights of
European powers in North and South America. 48. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of
A. when a statement the spine, but in mammals _________ only in the chest
B. as a statement area.
C. a statement A. they are found
D. to a statement B. finding them
C. in which they are found
40. _________ to stand in a warm place, it sours because of D. are found
the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into
acid. 49. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now
A. When milk is allowed confined to the eastern United States and southeastern
B. When is milk allowed Canada, _________ extended as far west as California.
C. Milk, when allowed A. where it once
D. When milk allowed B. once
C. it once
41. While play is important at all levels of human D. and once
development, _________ takes on particular
significance when children are five and six years old. 50. Most of North America receives _________ some form
A. it of continuous plant cover except in the arid and
B. and semiarid Southwest.
C. which A. moisture to sustain sufficient
D. because it B. sufficient moisture to sustain
C. to sustain sufficient moisture
42. During the second and third years of life, children gain D. sufficient to sustain moisture
_________ over their bodies.
A. control increasing 51. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank
B. increasing to control deposits.
C. control is increasing A. The term “money supply”
D. increasing control B. The term is “money supply”
C. When the term “money supply”
43. All brass instruments use a mouthpiece _________ into D. “Money supply” is the term
a long cone-shaped tube.
A. is inserted 52. The Franklin stove, invented around 1742, ________,
B. that inserted originally with a partially open front, and was designed
C. that is inserted to fit into a fireplace.
D. and inserted A. was made of cast iron
B. cast iron was made of
44. _________ as children that most people first come in C. cast of iron was made
contact with myths. D. was of iron made cast
A. When
B. It is
C. There are
D. That is
53. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious
illness _________.
A. having eaten
B. that they are eaten
C. are eaten
D. when eaten

54. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a

symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.
A. is that
B. that there is
C. it is
D. that

55. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in

bloom, some species with inferior fruit are cultivated
especially for their flowers.
A. Although
B. There are
C. It is
D. That

56. Usually pitched in the of C, _________ may be tuned to

B flat by means of a slide.
A. the bugle
B. because of the bugle
C. the bugle that
D. but the bugle

57. With _________ formal art training and largely self-

educated, Anna Mary Moses, known as Grandma
Moses, began to paint rural scenes at the age of
seventy-eight.
A. not
B. no
C. neither
D. never

58. A block and tackle is a _________ of pulley blocks and

ropes used for pulling or hoisting large objects.
A. mechanical set special
B. set special mechanical
C. special mechanical set
D. special set mechanical

59. Although _________ instant critical acclaim in 1952, he

never completed a second novel, publishing many short
works instead.
A. Invisible Man was the first novel by Ralph Ellison
received
B. first received by Ralph Ellison, the novel Invisible Man
was
C. Ralph Ellison’s first novel, Invisible Man, received
D. Ralph Ellison’s first novel, Invisible Man, was received

60. Sauropods had _________ smallest brains relative to

body weight of any group of dinosaurs, yet they were
among the most successful of all dinosaurs in
evolutionary terms.
A. what was a
B. when a
C. of the
D. the