AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015
FABRICATION
a minimum temperature of 500°F [260°C] for one hour
before use. Flux shall be placed in the dispensing system
immediately upon opening a package, or if used from an
opened package, the top one inch shall be discarded.
Flux that has been wet shall not be used.
5.3.3.3 Flux Reclamation. SAW flux that has not
been melted during the welding operation may be reused
after recovery by vacuuming, catch pans, sweeping, or
other means. The welding fabricator shall have a system
for collecting unmelted flux, adding new flux, and weld-
ing with the mixture of these two, such that the flux com-
position and particle size distribution at the weld puddle
are relatively constant.
5.3.3.4 Crushed Slag. Crushed slag may be used
provided it has its own marking, using the crusher’s
name and trade designation. In addition, each dry batch
or dry blend (lot) of flux, as defined in AWS A5.01,
Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines, shall be tested in
conformance with Schedule I of AWS A5.01 and classi-
fied by the Contractor or crusher per AWS A5.17 or
A5.23, as applicable.
5.3.4 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes. The electrodes for
GMAW or FCAW shall conform to the requirements of
the following:
(1) AWS A5.18/A5.18M, Specification for Carbon
Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding;
(2) AWS A5.20/A5.20M, Specification for Carbon
Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;
(3) AWS A5.28/A5.28M, Specification for Low-
Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc
Welding;
(4) AWS A5.29/A5.29M, Specification for Low-
Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding; or
(5) AWS A5.36/A5.36M, Specification for Carbon
and Low-Alloy Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Flux
Cored Arc Welding and Metal Cored Electrodes for Gas
Metal Arc Welding.
5.3.5 GTAW
5.3.5.1 Tungsten Electrodes. Welding current shall
be compatible with the diameter and type or classi-
fication of electrode. Tungsten electrodes shall be in
conformance with AWS A5.12, Specification for Tung-
sten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and
Cutting.
5.3.5.2 Filler Metal. The filler metal shall conform
to all the requirements of the latest edition of AWS
167
CLAUSE 5.
A5.18 or AWS A5.28 and AWS A5.30, Specification for
Consumable Inserts, as applicable.
5.4 ESW and EGW Processes
5.4.1 Process Limitations. The ESW and EGW pro-
cesses shall be restricted to use of Table 3.1, Group I, II,
and III steels, except that ESW and EGW of ASTM
A710 shall not be permitted.
5.4.2 Condition of Electrodes and Guide Tubes. Elec-
trodes and consumable guide tubes shall be dry, clean,
and in suitable condition for use.
5.4.3 Condition of Flux. Flux used for ESW shall be
dry and free of contamination from dirt, mill scale, or
other foreign material. All flux shall be purchased in
packages that can be stored, under normal conditions, for
at least six months without such storage affecting its
welding characteristics or weld properties. Flux from
packages damaged in transit or in handling shall be dis-
carded or shall be dried at a minimum temperature of
250°F [120°C] for one hour before use. Flux that has
been wet shall not be used.
5.4.4 Weld Starts and Stops. Welds shall be started in
such a manner as to allow sufficient heat buildup for
complete fusion of the weld metal to the groove faces of
the joint. Welds which have been stopped at any point in
the weld joint for a sufficient amount of time for the slag
or weld pool to begin to solidify may be restarted and
completed, provided the completed weld is examined by
UT for a minimum of 6 in [150 mm] on either side of the
restart and, unless prohibited by joint geometry, also
confirmed by RT. All such restart locations shall be re-
corded and reported to the Engineer.
5.4.5 Preheating. Because of the high-heat input char-
acteristic of these processes, preheating is not normally
required. However, no welding shall be performed when
the temperature of the base metal at the point of welding
is below 32°F [0°C].
5.4.6 Repairs. Welds having discontinuities prohibited
by Clause 6, Part C or Clause 9, Part F shall be repaired
as allowed by 5.25 utilizing a qualified welding process,
or the entire weld shall be removed and replaced.
5.4.7 Weathering Steel Requirements. For ESW and
EGW of exposed, bare, unpainted applications of ASTM
A588 steel requiring weld metal with atmospheric corro-
sion resistance and coloring characteristics similar to that
of the base metal, the electrode-flux combination shall be