SAMPLE

5
with
Detailed Solutions
(Question-Answer)

QUESTION SCIENCE

PAPER
Class X
Time : 3 hrs.
Max. Marks : 80

General Instructions
(i) The question paper comprises four sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section–A — question no. 1 to 20 — all questions and parts thereof are of one mark each. These questions contain multiple choice questions
(MCQs), very short answer questions and assertion - reason type questions. Answers to these should be given in one word or one sentence.
(iii) Section–B — question no. 21 to 26 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of
30 to 50 words.
(iv) Section–C — question no. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of
50 to 80 words.
(v) Section–D — question no. - 34 to 36 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these questions should be in the range
of 80 to 120 words.
(vi) There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives
in such questions.
(vii) Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn.

Section-A
• • • •
1. During electrolysis of water, which gas is collected Ans. (c) • N •• •• N •
at cathode and anode respectively? 4. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to
Or an astronaut?
Identify the products formed when potassium Ans. The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut because
iodide is added to lead nitrate solution? there is no atmosphere in the outer space that can scatter the
Ans. The gas collected at cathode is hydrogen and the gas collected at sunlight. As the sunlight is not scattered, no scattered light reach
anode is oxygen. the eyes of the astronaut and the sky appears black.
Or
5.
Find the focal length of a lens of power -2.0 D.
When potassium iodide is added to lead nitrate, the precipitate of
lead iodide (yellow solid) is obtained. potassium nitrate is also What type of lens is this?
formed along with lead iodide. 1
Ans. Power of lens P =
2.
In the modern periodic table, calcium (atomic f (in metre)
number 20) is surrounded by elements with Power P = -2 D
atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these −1
have physical and chemical properties resembling f = = −0.5 m
2
calcium?
Ans. The atomic number of calcium is 20. Its electronic configuration Since, the focal length is negative so, it is a concave lens.
is 2, 8, 8, 2. It has 2 valence electrons. The element having 6.
A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into
atomic number 12 has electronic configuration 2, 8, 2, so it
has 2 valence electrons. So element having atomic number 12 water. Does the light ray bend towards the normal
will have physical and chemical properties resembling that of or away from the normal? Why?
calcium. Or
3.
Which of the following is the correct representation Light enters from air to glass having refractive
of electron dot structure of nitrogen? index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the glass?
• • •• •• • • • • •
(a) • N • • N •  (b) • N • N • (c)
• • • •
• • • • • • •
• N • • N •  (d)•• N •• N •• The speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 m s−1.
 Sample Question Paper 5 for 2021 Board Examination 11
Ans. When a ray of light travels from an optically rarer medium to an Or
optically denser medium, it gets bent towards the normal. Since, Name two simple organisms having the ability of
water is optically denser than air, a ray of light travelling from air regeneration. [CBSE 2015]
into the water will bend towards the normal.
Ans. The two functions of ovary are production of ova (female gametes)
Or
and secretion of oestrogen and progesterone hormones.
The refractive index of a medium Or
Speed of light in air C
nm = =
Hydra and Planaria
Speed oflightin medium (glass) Vg
12. Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.
Therefore, speed of light in glass Or
c 3 × 108 Suggest one word for each of the following
vg = = = 2 × 108 ms−1
nm 1.5 statements:

(a) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall,
7.
Study the given figure showing deflection in the wind and soil of an ecosystem.
needle of galvanometer, say to the right when a (b) The physical and biological world where we
live in.
strong bar magnet is moved towards the coil.
Ans. Aquatic plants → Larvae of frogs → fish → fish eating birds
Or
Motion
N S (a) Abiotic factors
(b) Environment
13. State the function of villi in human alimentary
canal.
Galvanometer
Ans. Villi: It increases the surface area of the inner lining of the
intestine, thus, enhancing the capacity of absorption by the wall

State what happens to the reading shown on the of the intestine.
galvanometer when the magnet is moving away Directions (Q.Nos. 14-16): Each of the following questions
from the coil? consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the
Ans. The needle moves to the left when the magnet is moved away other is Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
from the coil. questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
8. Compute the equivalent resistance when resistors (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of 1 W, 103 W and 106 W are connected in parallel. of A.
1 1 1 1 106 + 103 + 1 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
Ans. = + + = explanation of A.
R 1 103 106 106
(c) A is true but R is false.
106
⇒
R= = 0.999 Ω = 1 Ω (d) A is false but R is true.
1001001
14. Assertion(A): The energy flow through different
9. How is a constant potential difference maintained steps in the food chain is unidirectional.
across a conductor? Reason(R): The energy which is captured by
Or autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input
When the two ends of a wire are connected to a and passes to the herbivores.
cell in which direction will the current flow? Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ans. Constant potential difference is maintained by connecting the 15. Assertion(A): Properties of elements are the
two ends of a conductor to the two terminals of a cell or battery. periodic function of their atomic masses.
Or
Reason (R): The repetition of same properties after
The current flows from the positive terminal to the negative
definite interval is called periodicity in properties.
terminal of the cell.
Or
10. What is speciation? [CBSE 2017]
Assertion(A): Plaster of Paris should be stored in a
Ans. The process by which new species develop from the existing
species is known as speciation. [½ + ½] moisture proof container.
11. List two functions of ovary of female reproductive Reason(R): Plaster of Paris is a powdery mass that
system. [CBSE 2016] absorbs water to form a hard solid, gypsum.
12
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
Or
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16. Assertion(A): Enzymes are needed for the chemical
break down of food and speeding up the digestion
process.
Reason(R): Foods need to be broken into their
small or simpler molecules so that they can be
absorbed into the bloodstream.
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
Directions (Q. Nos. 17-20): Each question contain five
sub-parts. You are expected to answer any four sub-parts
in each question.
17. The heart is a muscular organ which has different
chambers to prevent the oxygen-rich blood from
mixing with the blood containing carbon dioxide.
Such separation is useful in animals that have
high energy needs, such as birds and mammals.
Animals like amphibians have three-chambered
heart whereas fishes have only two chambers.
(i) What prevents backflow of blood inside the human
heart during contraction?
(a) Valves in heart
(b) Thick muscular walls of ventricles
(c) Thin walls of atria
(d) All of the above
Ans. (a) Valves in heart
(ii) Single circulation i.e., blood flows through the heart
only once during one cycle of passage through the
body is exhibited by:
(a) Labeo, Chameleon, Salamander
(b) Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Anabas
(c) Hyla, Rana, Draco
(d) Whale, Dolphin, Turtle
Ans. (b) Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Anabas
(iii) In which of the following vertebrate group/groups,
heart does not pump oxygenated blood to different
parts of the body?
(a) Pisces and amphibians (b) Amphibians and reptiles
(c) Amphibians only (d) Pisces only
Ans. (d) Pisces only
(iv) Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true
about heart?
I.  Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
different parts of body while right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from lungs
amadhaan SCIENCE Class X
II. Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to
different body parts while right ventricle pumps
deoxygenated blood to lungs
III. Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to right
ventricle which sends it to different body parts
IV. Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from
different parts of the body while left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the
body
(a) I only (b) II only
(c) II and IV (d) I and III
Ans. (c) II and IV
(v) A blood vessel which carries blood back to the heart
is:
(a) platelet (b) vein
(c) artery (d) capillary
Ans. (b) vein
18. Common salt is a raw material for making various
materials such as sodium hydroxide, washing
soda and bleaching powder. Sodium hydroxide
is produced by the electrolysis of concentrated
aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
The process of electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution is called chlor-alkali process.
(i) Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also
be used as raw material for making:
I. washing soda II. bleaching powder
III. baking soda IV. slaked lime
(a) I, II and IV (b) I, III and IV
(c) I and III (d) I and II
Ans. (c) I and III
(ii) The products of chlor-alkali process are:
(a) NaCl, Cl2 and H2 (b) H2, Cl2 and NaOH
(c) Cl2, Na2CO3 and H2O (d) NaOH, Cl2 and HCl
Ans. (b) H2, Cl2 and NaOH
(iii) Which of the following is treated with chlorine to
obtain bleaching powder?
(a) Ca(OH)2  (b) KOH (c) NaHCO3 (d) Na2CO3
Ans. (a) Ca(OH)2
(iv) The number of molecules of water of crystallisation
present in washing soda crystals is:
(a) five    (b) seven (c) two (d) ten
Ans. (d) ten
(v) One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium
hydrogencarbonate, the other constituent is:
(a) hydrochloric acid (b) tartaric acid
(c) acetic acid (d) sulphuric acid
Ans. (b) tartaric acid
 Sample Question Paper 5 for 2021 Board Examination
19. Aarna wanted to understand the nature of different
lenses. She knows that she need lenses for her
experiment. So she bought two lenses: a cancave
lens and a convex lens, and did some preliminary
experiments with the lenses.
(i) When an object is kept at any distance in front of a
concave lens, the image formed is always:
(a) virtual, erect and magnified
(b) virtual, inverted and diminished
(c) virtual, erect and diminished
(d) virtual, erect and same size as object
Ans. (c) virtual, erect and diminished
(ii) If the powers of the two lenses are in the ratio
3:2, what would be the ratio of focal length of two
lenses?
(a)
2:3   (b) 3:2
(c) 3:5   (d) 2:5
Ans. (a) 2 : 3
P1 3
Given, =
P2 2
1 / f1 3
⇒ =
1 / f2 2
 needle rest along in which direction?
f2 3
⇒ =
f1 2
f1 2
⇒ =
f2 3
(iii) If a magnification of -1 is obtained by using a
convex lens, the object is:
(a) placed at 2f (b) placed at infinity
(c) placed beyond 2f (d) placed within f
Ans. (a) placed at 2f (image formed at 2f is of same size as object)
(iv) Only one of the following applies to a concave lens.
This is:
(a) focal length is positive
(b) image distance can be positive or negative
(c) height of image can be positive or negative
(d) image distance is always negative
Ans. (d) image distance is always negative.
(v) If the power of concave lens is 10D and that of a
convex lens is 6D, then the power of combination is:
(a) -4D   (b) +16D
(c) +4D (d) -16D
Ans. (a) -4 D
Given; P1 = -10 D and P2 = 6 D
P1 = P1 + P2
= - 10 + 6 = -4 D
13
20. Oersted, one of the leading scientists of the
19th century discovered that a compass needle
got deflected when an electric current is passed
through a metallic wire placed nearby.
The following experiment is shown by a teacher to
describe Oersted’s experiment to his students.
(i) Oersted experiment explained ___________ effect of
current.
(a) electric field (b) magnetic field
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
Ans. (b) magnetic field
 1 (ii) In the earth’s magnetic field alone, the compass
∵P = f 
(a) East–west (b) North–east
(c) South–north (d) No fixed direction
Ans. (c) South-north
(iii) By which instrument the presence of magnetic field
at a point can be detected is:
(a) a strong magnet (b) a solenoid
(c) a compass needle (d) a current carrying line
Ans. (c) a compass needle
(iv) On reversing the direction of current in a wire the
magnetic field produced by it:
(a) gets reverse in direction
(b) increase in strength
(c) decrease in strength
(d) remains unchanged in strength and direction
Ans. (a) gets reverse in direction
(v) How can you find the direction of magnetic field
from a magnetic field line?
(a) We can’t say from magnetic field line
(b) Along the perpendicular to the field line
(c) Along the parallel to the field line
(d) Along the tangent at any point of the field line
Ans. (d) along the tangent at any point of the field line
14 amadhaan SCIENCE Class X

Section-B
Or
21. What happens when: The salt is sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) which is used to
(i) Planaria gets cut into two pieces. make tasty and crispy pakoras.  [1]
(ii) A mature spirogyra filament attains considerable Chemical Equation:
length. NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 → NH4Cl   +   NaHCO3 [1]
  Ammonium   Sodium hydrogen
Or        chloride carbonate
List two preparations shown every month by the 24. Study the figure related to oxidation of copper.
uterus in anticipation of pregnancy in humans.

China dish
[CBSE 2014] containing Wire gauze
Ans.   (i) When Planaria gets cut into pieces, each piece can regenerate copper powder
Tripod stand
into a complete organism. Cells at the location of the wound
site proliferate to form a small ball of cells that will differentiate Burner

into new tissues and regenerate the missing parts of the piece
of cut Planaria.  [1]
(ii) When a filament of mature Spirogyra attains considerable Fig. A : Oxidation of Copper
length, it breaks into smaller fragments and each fragment Fig: oxidation of copper
then grows into a new plant.[1] Based on the above figure.
Or
(a) Write the chemical reaction involved in this
The two preparations by the uterus, every month, are:
process.
(i) The uterus prepares itself every month to receive and nurture
the growing embryo. [1]
(b) Mention the colour of:
(i) copper powder and
(ii) The lining thickens and is richly supplied with blood to nourish
the growing embryo.  [1] (ii) the substance formed after heating it.
Ans. (a) Coper powder upon heating reacts with oxygen (present in
22. Write one function each of the following enzymes: air) to form copper oxide.
(i) Pepsin (ii) Lipase [CBSE 2019] 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO [1]
Ans. (i) Pepsin: It is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive (b) (i) Copper powder is brown in colour. [½]
systems of human and many other animals produced in the (ii) The substance formed after heating is copper oxide. It is
stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. [1] black in colour. [½]
(ii) Lipase: It is a pancreatic enzyme that acts on emulsified fats
25. What is a rainbow? How is it formed?
and hydrolyses them into fatty acids and glycerol. [1]
Ans. The rainbow is an arc of seven colours: Violet, Indigo, Blue,
23. Explain the following giving chemical equation in Green, Yellow, Orange and Red, visible in the sky during the rainy
each case: season. This arc (called VIBGYOR) is known as spectrum. [1]
(i) Baking soda is heated. The rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the
(ii) Gypsum is heated at 373 K. Sun. It is formed by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets,
present in the atmosphere. The tiny water droplets act as small-
Or
sized prisms. The incident light is first dispersed and refracted,
The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras then reflected internally, and at last refracted again out of the
is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical equation droplet. Due to this process, different colours are observed by
for its formation.  [CBSE 2018] the human eye.
Raindrop
Ans. (i) B
aking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3) on Sunlight
heating gives Na2CO3 salt and CO2 gas which will turn lime
water milky.
    D
    2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2↑  [1]
(ii) When gypsum is heated at 373 K, it loses water molecules
and becomes calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4.1/2H2O).
This is called plaster of paris.
∆ 1 3
CaSO4 .2H2O → CaSO4 . H2O+ H2O [1]
Gypsum plaster 2 2
ofparis Formation of Rainbow [1]

 Sample Question Paper 5 for 2021 Board Examination 15
26. Derive the formula for the resultant resistance of and I3 be passing through resistors R1, R2 and R3 respectively.
three resistors which are connected in parallel. Total current flowing through the circuit is given by:
Ans. When two or more resistors are connected between two common I = I1 + I2 + I3  ...(i)
points such that the same potential difference is applied across Since, the potential difference across R1, R2 and R3 is same,
each of them, it is called a parallel combination of resistors. The according to Ohm’s law,
given figure shows a combination of resistors in parallel. V
R1 Current through R1, I1 =
R1 ...(ii)

A I1 R2 B V
Current through R2, I2 =
I2 R2   ...(iii)
I3 R3
V
Current through R3, I3 = ...(iv)
R3
+V 
I I From eqs. (ii), (iii) and (iv), we have
V V V V 1 1 1 1
= + + or   R = R + R + R
Rp R1 R2 R3 p 1 2 3
K             
+ – A
Now, it can be concluded that the reciprocal of the equivalent
Resistors in Parallel resistance of a group of resistances joined in parallel is equal to

Let the resistors having resistances R1, R2 and R3 be connected the sum of the reciprocal of the individual resistances.  [2]
in parallel, V be the potential difference across AB, currents I1, I2

Section-C
27. In one of his experiments with pea plants Mendel Or
observed that when a pure tall pea plant is crossed
Difference between dominant and recessive trait:
with a pure dwarf pea plant, in the first generation S. Basis of
Dominant Trait Recessive Trait
(F1) only tall plants appear. No. Difference
(i) What happens to the trait of dwarfness in this 1. Expression When both dominant When both dominant
case? and recessive traits and recessive traits
are inherited, only are inherited, the
(ii) When the F1 generation plants were self-
the dominant trait recessive trait will
fertilised, he observed that in the plants of
expresses itself. not express itself.
second generation F2, both tall plants and
2. Copies A single copy of Both the copies of
dwarf plants were present. Why it happened? required dominant trait is a trait should be
Explain briefly. sufficient to get it recessive to get it
Or expressed. expressed. [2]
List two differences in tabular form between
75% of the plants in F2 generation were round in Mendel’s
dominant trait and recessive trait.What percentage/
cross.[1]
proportion of the plants in the F2 generation/
28. What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.
progeny were found in Mendel’s cross between
We do not clean natural ponds or lakes but an
round and wrinkled pea plants?
Ans. (i) In the F1 generation, the trait of dwarfness is recessive.  [1] aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly. Why is it
(ii) Both the parents contribute equally in sexual reproduction. so? Explain.  [CBSE 2015]
Therefore, each pea plant transfers genes of both tallness Ans. Ecosystem: An ecosystem is the structural and functional unit
and dwarfness in the F1 generation. But in F1 generation only of biosphere, comprising of all the interacting organisms in an
the dominant trait, i.e., tallness is expressed. When F1 plants area together with the non-living constituents of the environment.
are self-crossed, in the F2 generation, there are some plants Thus, an ecosystem is a self-sustaining system where the
(25%) which carry only the dwarfness trait and hence the exchange of energy and matter takes place between living and
same is expressed in the F2 generation.  [2] non-living components.  [1]
16
Main Components of Ecosystem
(i) B  iotic Component: It includes the living organisms of
the environment— plants, animals, human beings and
microorganisms like bacteria, fungi which are interrelated
with each other on the basis of their nutritional relationship.
[1]
(ii) Abiotic Component: It includes the non-living part of the
environment—air, water, soil and minerals. The climatic
or physical factors such as sunlight, temperature, rainfall,
humidity, pressure and wind are also a part of the abiotic
environment.
An aquarium is an artificial and incomplete ecosystem which
shows a perfect recycling of materials. An aquarium therefore
needs, regular cleaning.  [1]
29. Write the function of following parts in human
female reproductive system:
(a) Ovary (b) Oviduct   (c) Uterus [CBSE 2020]
Ans. (i) (a) Ovaries:
• They produce female gametes.
• They secrete female sex hormones-estrogen and
progesterone.
(b) Fallopian Tube or Oviduct:
• They carry eggs from ovaries to uterus.
• They allow sperms to travel to meet the egg.
(c) Uterus:
• It allows implantation of zygote on its wall.
• It causes menstruation when egg is not fertillised.  [3]
30. 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to
a few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a
test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas
evolves which is bubbled through a soap solution
before testing. Write the equation of the chemical
reaction involved and the test to detect the gas.
Name the gas which will be evolved when the
same metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong
acid.  [CBSE 2018]
Ans. Chemical Equation Involved:
 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2 ↑ 
Sodium
zincate
Test for Detection: The hydrogen gas can be tested by putting
matchstick over the solution. The burning matchstick will
extinguish with a pop sound.  [1]
Gas Evolved: When Zn metal reacts with a dilute solution of
strong acid such as HCl, it will give zinc chloride and hydrogen
gas again.
2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2↑ 
Hydrogen gas
amadhaan SCIENCE Class X
31. Given alongside is a part of the periodic table:
Li Be B C N O F
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
As we move horizontally from left to right:
(i) What happens to the metallic character of the
elements?
(ii) What happens to the atomic size?
(iii) What happens to the chemical reactivity?
Ans. (i) The metallic character of the elements decreases when we
move from left to right in a period. [1]
(ii) The atomic size of the elements decreases when we move
from left to right in a period. [1]
(iii) On moving from left to right in a period, the chemical reactivity
of elements first decreases and then increases. [1]
32. Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble
gas electronic configuration by either gaining or
losing electrons from their valence shells. Explain
giving reason why carbon cannot attain such a
configuration in this manner to form its compounds.
Name the type of bonds formed in ionic compounds
and in the compounds formed by carbon. Also
explain with reason why carbon compounds are
generally poor conductors of electricity.
Ans. Carbon cannot lose four electrons because very high amount of
energy is required to remove four electrons from its outermost
shell. Carbon cannot gain four electrons easily because six
protons cannot hold ten electrons.
Ionic-compounds form electrovalent bonds, whereas carbon can
share four electrons to form covalent bonds.  [2]
Carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because
they do not form ions in aqueous solution. [1]
33. Draw the following diagram in your answer book
and show the formation of image with the help of
suitable rays and write the characteristics of the
image formed.
C F P
[1]
Ans.
C F P  [2]
The characteristics of the image formed:
[1] (i) at the centre of curvature (C)
(ii) real and inverted and  [1]
(iii) same size as the object.
 Sample Question Paper 5 for 2021 Board Examination 17
Section-D
34. (i) Define activity series of metals. Arrange the The blood enters into glomerulus through afferent arteriole of
renal artery and leaves it through efferent arteriole. [2]
metals gold, copper, iron and magnesium in
Functions of Nephron:

order of their increase in reactivity. (i) Filteration: Filteration of blood takes place in Bowman’s
(ii) What will you observe when: capsule in the capillaries of the glomerulus. This filterate
(a) Some zinc pieces are put in copper sulphate then passes into the tubular part of the nephron. The filterate
contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid and a large
solution.
amount of water.
(b) 
Some silver pieces are put into green (ii) Re-absorption: The filterate flows along the tubule and
coloured ferrous sulphate solution. useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and
some water are re-absorbed into the blood by the capillaries
Or
surrounding the nephron tubule.
An element M forms an oxide M2O. An aqueous Urine: The filterate which remains after the re-absorption
(iii)
solution of M2O turns red litmus paper blue. is called the urine, which is collected from nephron by the
(i) What is the nature of the oxide M2O? collecting duct to carry it to the urinary bladder and then to
(ii) State whether element M is a metal or a non- the urethra.  [3]
metal and give reason for your choice. 36. (i) A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a
(iii) Give one example of an element like M. 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B, each
(iv) Draw the electron-dot structure of M2O and of 24 W resistance, which may be used separately
name the bond present in M2O. in series or in parallel. What are the currents in
Ans. (i) Activity series of metals is the series in which metals are the three cases?
arranged in the decreasing order of their reactivity. (ii) Which uses more energy, a 250W TV set in 1 hr
In increasing order of reactivity, we have or a 1200W toaster in 10 minutes.
Au < Cu < Fe < Mg  [2]
Or
  (Gold)     (Copper)  (Iron)  (Magnesium)
(ii) (a) 
The blue solution of copper sulphate will become (i) State Maxwell’s right-hand thumb rule.
colourless and there will be a deposit of reddish-brown (ii) Draw the diagram showing magnetic field
copper metal on pieces. pattern due to a circular loop carrying current.
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) (iii) Explain the function of brushes in an electric
   Blue    Colourless Reddish-brown
motor.
(b) No reaction will take place as Ag is less reactive than iron. Ans. (i) (a) Calculation of current when only one coil is used.
Ag(s) + FeSO4(aq) → No reaction  [3] V = 220 V and R = 24 W (one coil only)
Or    According to Ohm’s Law,
(i) The oxide M2O is basic in nature.  [1]  V = IR
(ii) Element M is metal because metals from basic oxide.  [1] V 220 55
I= = = = 9.17 A  [1]
(iii) Sodium Na  [1]    R 24 6
(iv) 
M (b) Calculation of current when the two coils are connected in
+ O → 2M + O-2 or M2O series.

M In series, total R = R1 + R2
Ionic bond is present in M2O because it is formed by the   = 24 + 24 = 48 W
transfer of electrons between metal M and oxygen O.  [2] V = 220 V and R = 48 W
V 220 55
35. Describe the structure and functioning of nephron. \ I = = = = 4.58 A  [1]
R 48 12
 [CBSE 2020]
(c) Calculation current when the two coils are connected in
Ans. Structure of Nephron: Nephron is the basic filtration unit in the
parallel.
kidney. It consists of a tubule which is connected with a collecting 1 1 1
duct at one end and a cup shaped structure at the other end called = +
R R1 R2
Bowman’s capsule. Every Bowman’s capsule contains a cluster
of capillaries called glomerulus within the cup-shaped structure.
18 amadhaan SCIENCE Class X
1 1 1+ 1 2 Direction of
= + = =
24 24 24 24 magnetic field
24
  \   R= = 12 Ω Direction of
2
current
\ V 220 55
   I= = = = 18.33 A [1]
R 12 3
250
(ii) For TV set, P = 250 W = = 0.25 kW
1000
t=1h
E=P×t Straight wire Right hand
= 0.25 × 1 = 0.25 kWh carrying current A
       Right-Hand Thumb-Rule [2]
1200 (ii)
For toaster, P = 1200 W = = 1.2 kW
1000
10
t = 10 min  = h
60
E=P×t
10
\ E = 1.2 ×
60
E = 0.20 kWh
\ TV set uses more energy than toaster.  [2]
Or

(i) Maxwell’s Right Hand Thumb Rule: ‘‘Imagine that you are
grasping or holding a current-carrying wire in your right hand
so that your thumb points in the direction of current, then the
direction in which your fingers encircle the wire will give the
direction of magnetic field lines around the wire.’’
[1½]
(iii) Brushes act as the contacts between the commutator and the
terminals of the battery and helps easy transfer of current
between the coil and the external circuit. [1½]