HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Early History
 Inn keeping is an outgrowth of mass urge to travel.
 Evidence exist of extensive travel over land and sea over years ago.
 Road use for intra-European traffic until the middle ages, and some that remain today where
the trails used by the courier and merchant in ancient time.

Although there is no known reference to hotel or inns on those trails, there must have been places
that were favorable for rest stops, probably near or accessible to water.

 It was built to accommodate travelers.

 Give and take philosophy
 they provide only shelter and sustenance, operated by slaves who belong to temple or holy
places, gradually they replace by freeman.
 Travel for religious, military, diplomatic, and political mission.

KHANS – accommodation structures in Persia consisting of four walls that provide

protection against natural (sandstorm) and marauding enemies.

YAMS – post houses describe by Marco Polo, as apartment suitable for kings.
Also known as tabernae Latin word derived from tavern.

Middle Ages

-intermingling of religious and hospitality. Christian offer hospitality to travelers and pilgrims.
- monasteries function as inn.
- they constructed separated building to accommodate travelers.
- it is called Xenodochions- means resting place.

WHAT IS WORKING IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY?

-It is essential to treat everyone- customers, coworkers, and supervisor with respect and
consideration.
-Working in the hospitality industry means serving people directly.
-Service professional includes hotel workers, nurses, sales people, lawyers, and landscapers just to
name a few.
-Customers expects anyone who serves them to have a pleasant helpful and friendly manner.

GOOD SERVICE REQUIRES:

1. you like people
2. training
3. stamina
4. effort
5. commitment
 Hospitality Professional enjoy their jobs of helping people to get what they what.
 Preparing for a career in Hospitality industry.
 Preparing for a career means deciding where your interest lie, what your career goals are, and
type of continuing education you will need to be successful.
 no matter what careers interest you, continuing your education are steps to a successful
future.

REMEMBER:
The world of work is very different from the school environment.
When you enter the world of work, even as a part time employee, you are expected to follow
guidelines with professional adult behavior.
The real world is different form classroom because student’s performance at work will determine
whether or not they get raise or promotion.
Also, if performance or attitude is poor, then the employer can terminate them.

WHAT IS AN ENTRY LEVEL JOB?

-A Career is a profession or work in a certain field that usually begins with an entry level job.
Ex. Bus person, Kitchen helper, server and dishwasher.
Even though you are still in school, you can start planning for a career that you will enjoy.

TIPS FOR WRITING A COVER LETTER

1. Grab the reader’s attention -Make sure they keep reading
-Tell them why you are writing the letter
2. Get the readers’ interest -Tell them how you got his name or found out about the company/ job.
3. Tell the reader your desire. - State what you want to do, why you want the job, and your
qualification.
4. Say that you are looking forward for an interview.

RESUME -written summary of your past experience, education, previous jobs, skills and
achievement related to the job you’re seeking.
 PORTFOLIO -collection of samples that highlight your interest, talents, contribution and
studies.
REFERENCES -know you well and can provide information about your character, work,
ability or academic standing.
WHO WOULD YOU USE FOR YOUR REFERENCES?
 Teachers
 Previous
 Church leaders
 Neighbors
 Friends
1.Correct grammar and punctuation necessary.
2. If you have no prior work experience, list any volunteer, work or other activities that that show you
what is expected at the workplace.
3. Dishonesty on a job application can result in immediate termination of your employment.
- Employers check on educational and work background. They also contact references.

THE INTERVIEW
 Create a goal first impression at a job interview, remember three key points.
 Present a well-groomed personal appearance.
 Have a positive attitude
 Use good manners which are the basis for business etiquette.
 Smile

TWO TYPES OF HOTEL

1. Transient hotel- caters people while they are temporarily away from home, whether far for a day,
week or month or for business purposes.
2. Residential – (apartment hotel) – an apartment house with full hotel services, official residences of
the guest rather than home away from home.
All hotels can be residential or transient excluding highway motels (cater exclusively to one class of
guest.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOTEL
3 price Category
1. Luxury upscale
2. Midmarket/ commercial
3. Budget/ economy.
SMALL CITIES -serve two main guests with business to transact.
-Travelling for pleasure or just passing only.
-Revenue is small and unimportant most of their income comes from
food and beverage.

LARGE CITIES -In keeping is truly a people business, particularly people on move.
-Commercial, industrial, financial and cultural centers of the country and such
attract people for business or pleasure.
They have great numbers of hotel and there is a variety their size, type and
facilities offered.

1960- the new concept of apartment hotel was born.

From apartment- housing industry – away from rental to individual ownership of the apartment.
Favorable to public, the landlord received investment
back plus profit the buyer a tax benefit of ownership.

Convention hotel
- whole spectrum is offered (Medical to entertainment), they can buy newspaper to diamond.
Parking is always the major problem; they created their own parking.
Resorts -where people go to relax and be entertained,
Swimming, boating, water skiing, fishing, golfing, mountain climbing.

2 CATEGORIES OF RESORT HOTEL

Self-contained – hotel provides all the recreational facilities for its guest, indoor and outdoor.
-guest have no reason to leave the hotel at any time during their stay, food is included in the rate of
hotel called American Plan.
Located near or at natural recreation areas.
Have their own pools, restaurant, night clubs and other forms of entertainment for this guest. The
area rather than the hotel attracts the people.

European Plan -room only without food.

Modified American plan- provides room and a 2 meal (breakfast and dinner).

AIRPORTS -usually some distance from the city.

-feed and house them, in case of delayed and cancelled flight.
-While waiting for the connecting flights, catching early flights, Avoiding heavy traffic.
HOTEL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
- The bulldozer is working and a construction crane is being erected on vacant lot you pass
each day going on and from home.
The development processes
- Developer is the risk taker, who originates the idea for the hotel.
-
FEASIBILITY STUDY -gathering detailed data to see if the opinion makes economic sense
to build the hotel.
1. Site -historical occupancy of hotel in the area
- the most important factor in hotel success. -Historical average rate.

-The selection of site has impact

on cost of utilities.  Identification of which hotel market
-Proper zoning segment to serve.
-Visibility from freeways. -Full service
-Accessibility – water, electricity, -limited
-Extended stay
phone
-Luxury
-Proximity -Mid-price
-Barrier that discourage competition -Economy
-budget
- how adjacent property and
 Select Appropriate Hotel Design
business
are utilized. -High rise
-Master area development plan -Midrise
-Garden apartment design
-Local permitting process
-Hybrid design
-Fees charge by the city -Selection of appropriate Hotel Brand
-Franchised
2. The economy of the area -Licensed
- Major employees, government -Independent
agency -Independent with strategic market affiliation
-Business trends
 Ten-year Projection
-Hotel needs and demands
-leisure and travel demand -Occupancy projection by year
-Nearby tourist attraction -Average daily rate (ADR) year
-Visitor counts
-Estimated cash generated debt.
-Convention, trade shows, and meeting history
-Estimated cash generated for distribution of
 Hotel market investors
-Competitors. Both existing and planned -Estimated cash on cash return
 Once it is completed the developer is
need to move forward with the project.

The Art and Science of Opening a Hotel

- Opening a hotel is one of the most rewarding jobs in the hospitality industry.

OPERATION PROJECT -The third person hired after the general manager and director of
marketing.
MANAGER (OPM)

Role of OPM
- Pull together the vision of the architect, interior designer, owner, operator and others.

Oversees the following aspect of a project

1. Reviewing blueprints and specification for the entire building.

2. Assisting with the creation of model room
3. Developing a pre-opening staff plan.
4. Developing and managing the preopening budget.
5. Developing the operational supplies and equipment budget.
6. Overseeing the purchasing, warehousing, delivery and installation of OS&E (operational
Supplies and equipment.
7. Developing the interior graphic package.
8. Coordinating the installation of third-party vendor.

Pre- opening budget

-The OPM Develops and Manages the pre-opening budget.

This budget typically consists of 3 major categories.

1. Labor cost- 40 %
2. Sales and marketing efforts 40%
3. Misc. 20%

Operational Supplies and Equipment

-The largest and the most complex aspect of the OPM’s responsibility is specifying,
quantifying and budgeting for the operational supplies and equipment list.
Blueprint -The focus is to ensure a good flow for guest, staff and goods.
Model Room -Build a typical king and double / double guest room close to site
so, you can review every single item in them.

Pre- opening Staff Plan

- Begins with the organizational chart with all position.
- A pre- comprehensive document that state who is hired
- when they start, how much they are paid
- whether or not they are allocated allowance and benefit cost.
Third Party vendor
-these vendors are constantly informed where they can inform their equipment based
on general contractor’s completion date.
Human Resources - Mass hire
- conducted 2 to 3-day period 6 weeks before opening.
- Include departmental training includes teaching staff to make beds, clean a room, cook every
menu item and most efficient route to each guest room.
- Opening Day
- Complete all details
- Rehearsal are conducted in all aspects of operation.
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GOTEL BUSINESS

Hotel Industry -deals with guest accommodation or lodgings

-refers not only to hotels, but also to many other forms of overnight accommodation, including
hostels, motels, inns and guest houses. However, it does not usually include long-term or permanent
forms of accommodation.

Hospitality Industry -concerned with leisure in a more general sense

covers accommodation, restaurants, bars, cafés, night-life and a number
of travel and tourism services.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOTEL BUSINESS

1. It is not typically focused on providing basic human needs, but on providing services to
people with extra time and cash on their hands.
2. It is perishable - meaning that an experience will not last and the next experience will not be
like the last: Once a hospitality feature is consumed, it is gone.
3. It sells an experience or a feeling that is desirable.
4. It never sleeps. It is 24-hours-a-day, seven-day-a-week encounter which includes
employees' availability and operations
5. Heavily dependent on customer satisfaction . An unsatisfied guest may never return to
consume that sector's products or services.
6. It is seasonal.
7. High operating Cost
 Capital intensive
 Labor Intensive
8. High fixed costs -Even at low/no occupancy it incurs fixed costs
(mortgage, utilities, salaries, marketing, etc.)
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOTEL

A. On the basis of hotel ownership

1. INDEPENDENTLY OWNED AND OPERATED

- It gives the owner the most freedom but also the biggest risk because even if he is free to make
decisions, he does not have the benefit of a brand behind him.

WORLD’S TOP HOTEL BRANDS

1. Hilton Hotel and Resort

-Total Properties: Globally 2. Hyatt Hotel Corporation
- 4,200 hotels in 93 countries and territories - Total Properties: 445
Hilton Brand Breakdown: Hyatt Brand Breakdown:
Waldorf Astoria Park Hyatt
Garden Inn Andaz
Conrad Hotels & Resorts Grand Hyatt
Hampton Hyatt Hotels
Canopy Hyatt Regency
Homewood Suites Hyatt Place
Double Tree Hyatt House
Home2 Suites Hyatt Zilara and Zilva
Embassy Suites Hyatt Regency Club
3. Marriott

4. InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG)

5. Wyndham

2. INDEPENDENTLY OWNED BUT LEASED TO AN OPERATOR

-it is privately owned but the physical hotel building belongs to someone else but this type of
arrangement is usually on long-term leases

-Leased Hotels

In this arrangement the private owner of a hotel leases it to a corporation or chain. The lessee is
responsible for all the finances of the hotel. You, as the owner, may agree to be paid a fixed rent. This
represents the safest course. You might elect, however, to ask for a share of the revenue. This
involves some risk because if the hotel does poorly, you will receive less money for its use. The lease
method that contains the greatest risk is for you to receive a share of the revenue after expenses.
Many leases do have a minimum payment, but you would have to decide which of these options, or a
combination of the options, you want to include in your lease contract.

3. OWNED BY A SINGLE ENTITY OR GROUP THAT HAS HIRED THE HOTEL MANAGEMENT
COMPANY TO OPERATE THE PROPERTY

Managed Hotels

If you invest in a hotel property but have limited or no experience in the hospitality field, you may
decide to hire a management company. As the owner you have the financial obligations of day-to-day
operations such as salaries and maintenance, but the management company takes over the
responsibility of actually making management decisions.

4. OWNED AND OPERATED BY A CHAIN

-A hotel chain is a group of affiliated hotels

-A chain hotel is a hotel that is part of a series or of a group of hotels operated by the same company
or owner.

5. OWNED BY AN INDEPENDENT INVESTOR OR GROUP AND OPERATED BY A CHAIN

6. OWNED BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP AND OPERATED AS A FRANCHISE OF A CHAIN

- A franchise is the authorization granted by a hotel chain to an individual hotel to use the chain’s
trademark, operating systems, and reservation system in return for a percentage of the hotel’s
revenues plus certain other fees.

Franchisor is the party granting the franchise.

Franchisee is the party granted the franchise.

B. STAR CLASSIFICATION

1. ONE STAR HOTEL

Hotels in this classification are likely to be small and independently owned, with a family
atmosphere. Services may be provided by the owner and family on an informal basis. There may be a
limited range of facilities and meals may be fairly simple. Lunch, for example, may not be served.
Some bedrooms may not have an en suite bath/shower room. Maintenance, cleanliness and comfort
should, however, always be of an acceptable standard.

2. TWO-STAR HOTEL

- In this classification hotels will typically be small to medium sized and offer more extensive
facilities than at the one-star level. Some business hotels come into the two-star classification and
guests can expect comfortable, well equipped, overnight accommodation, usually with an en-suite
bath/shower room. Reception and other staff will aim for a more professional presentation that at the
one-star level, and offer a wider range of straightforward services, including food and drink.

3. THREE-STAR HOTEL

-At this level, hotels are usually of a size to support higher staffing levels, and a significantly
greater quality and range of facilities than at the lower star classifications. Reception and the other
public rooms will be more spacious and the restaurant will normally also cater to non-residents. All
bedrooms will have an en suite bath and shower rooms and offer a good standard of comfort and
equipment, such as a hair dryer, direct dial telephone and toiletries in the bathroom. Besides room
service, some provisions for business travelers can be expected.

4. FOUR-STAR HOTEL

- Expectations at this level include a degree of luxury as well as quality in the furnishings, decor
and equipment, in every area of the hotel. Bedrooms will also usually offer more space than at the
lower star levels, and well designed, coordinated furnishings and decor. The en-suite bathrooms will
have both bath and fixed shower. There will be a high enough ratio of staff to guests to provide
services like porterage, 24-hour room service, laundry and dry-cleaning. The restaurant will
demonstrate a serious approach to its cuisine.

5. FIVE-STAR HOTEL

-Here you should find spacious and luxurious accommodation throughout the hotel, matching
the best international standards. Interior design should impress with its quality and attention to
detail, comfort and elegance. Furnishings should be immaculate. Services should be formal, well
supervised and flawless in attention to guests’ needs, without being intrusive. The restaurant will
demonstrate a high level of technical skill, F&B production to the highest international standards.
Staff will be knowledgeable, helpful, well versed in all aspects of customer care and combining
efficiency with courtesy.