CH453 Process Equipment

Design & Specification

GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

Faculty of Materials & Chemical Engineering
Fall Semester 2020
 Flow Sheeting
• A plant design consists of words, numbers, and
pictures.
• Description of processes based on sketches of
equipment, flows and operating conditions.
• Types
– Block Flowsheets/Pictorial Flowsheets
– Process Flowsheets (PFD)
– Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
– Utility Flow Sheets (UFD)
– Layout
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 Block Flowsheets
• Early stage or to provide an overview of a
complex process/plant
• Rectangular-Square-circular blocks or with
some common basic pictures
• Sometimes block flowsheet also represents
flow rates

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 Coal carbonization block flowsheet. Quantities are in lb/hr

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 Process Flowsheet (PFD)
• Process flowsheet develop after material and energy
balances and includes the size of the major
equipment
• Include all vessels
• Numerical data include: flow quantities, composition,
pressures, temperatures etc.
• Major instruments essential for process control
• Data also include that flowsheet is understandable
without reference to other document
• In the early stages of plant design, PFD is drawn first
and is the only diagram available that represents the
process.
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 PFD Checklist-I
• Process lines, but including only those bypasses
essential to an understanding of the process
• All process equipment. Spares are indicated by letter
symbols or notes
• Major instrumentation essential to process control and
to understanding of the flowsheet
• Valves essential to an understanding of the flowsheet .
Design basis, including stream factor
• Temperatures, pressures, flow quantities
• Mass and/or mol balance, showing compositions,
amounts, and other properties of the principal streams
• Utilities requirements summary
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 PFD Check List-II
• Data included for particular equipment
– Compressors: SCFM (60°F, 14.7 psia);ΔP psi; HHP; number of
stages; details of stages if important
– Drives: type; connected HP; utilities such as kW, lb steam/hr,or
Btu/hr
– Drums and tanks: ID or OD, seam to seam length, important
internals
– Exchangers: Sqft, kBtu/hr, temperatures, and flow quantities in
and out; shell side and tube side indicated
– Furnaces: kBtu/hr, temperatures in and out, fuel
– Pumps: GPM (60°F),ΔP psi, HHP, type, drive
– Towers: Number and type of plates or height and type of
packing identification of all plates at which streams enter or
leave; ID or OD; seam to seam length; skirt height
– Other equipment: Sufficient data for identification of duty and
size
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 Flowsheet Flags of Operating

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Conditions in Typical Units

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 Process & Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
• Include all major and minor equipment
• Line sizes and specs of all lines, valves,
instruments, codes for material for
construction and insulation
• P&ID develop by using Process Industry
Practices (PIP)
• Inline with ANSI, ASME, ISA, TEMA.
• PIP also inline with CAD or other software
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 Software

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 Failure Mode

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Typical Control Loop

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