Negative Debate Group

Topic: Sex work should be legal in the United States

Side: Negative

Summary of points:
One study with data from 150 countries found that those with legalized sex work experience a
larger reported incidence of trafficking inflows than those without legalized sex work.

Another analysis similarly reported that sex trafficking is most prevalent in countries where sex
work is legalized.

Regulated sex work increases the size of the overall market for commercial sex, which
benefits criminal enterprises that profit from sex trafficking.

Format:
➢ First affirmative constructive speech – 3 minutes
➢ First negative constructive speech – 3 minutes
➢ First affirmative rebuttal – 3 minutes
➢ First negative rebuttal – 3 minutes
➢ Second affirmative constructive speech – 3 minutes
➢ Second negative constructive speech – 3 minutes
➢ Second affirmative rebuttal – 3 minutes
➢ Second negative rebuttal – 3 minutes
➢ Third affirmative constructive speech - 3 minutes
➢ Third negative constructive speech - 3 minutes
➢ Third affirmative rebuttal - 3 minutes
➢ Third negative rebuttal - 3 minutes
➢ Final Focus- Leaders (4 minutes)
Proper etiquette for speakers:
➢ Before speaking remember to say: Judge ready? Opponent ready? Team ready? My time
starts now…..
➢ Always speak using we never use I as WE are a team and you are not speaking for
yourself, you are speaking for the entire team/nation.
➢ Remember to speak as quickly and comprehensively as possible.
➢ Try to look directly to the camera/target audience
➢ Don't interrupt the opponent.
➢ Don't let the opponent interrupt you. If an opponent tries to speak over you (in your time
to speak) wait until he stops talking and ask the judge/moderators for extra time.
➢ If you can't answer a question, say “I will get to that question later”, then you don't have
to answer the question right now, but you have to answer it later so research it.
➢ Always listen carefully to what the opposition says, try to find a logical fallacy with their
statement.
➢ When the judge/moderators speak, be silent no matter what, they are the absolute
authority over the debate.
➢ Try to speak as politely and emotionlessly as possible.
➢ ALWAYS use as much time as possible every second counts

What to do as a speaker:

Constructive speech:
Duties:

Give a brief introduction and explanation of the negative’s philosophy in the debate.

Provide the negative’s organization for analyzing the affirmative arguments.

Challenge the affirmative definition of terms. This usually requires both explanation and
evidence. However, when need be it can be done with explanation alone.

Challenge the affirmative topicality. This is a challenge of the specific affirmative case
area.

For example, an affirmative team that argues for educating school children about AIDS and its
causes
on the topic “RESOLVED: That the federal government should establish minimum educational
standards for schools in the US” may be challenged on topicality. Does educating out children
about AIDS fall within the scope of such resolution?

Defend the present system by summarizing its aims and effectiveness in meeting its goals.

Argue that the affirmative team has not presented an adequate justification for changing the
present system.

Give a brief summary of the negative’s position in the debate.

Rebuttal Speech:
The first negative rebuttalist should refute, extend, and develop the case arguments that were first
introduced by the affirmative constructive speaker.

Duties:

Define terms, if necessary. If the affirmative has adequately defended its definition, drop this
argument. If not, explain why the affirmative definitions still are not acceptable.

Refute any second affirmative constructive arguments about topicality, if the negative still feels
that the affirmative case is not topical. Extend the negative explanation of why the affirmative
case is not topical.

Return to the rest of the arguments in the first negative constructive, refuting the affirmatives
objections. Because time may not allow the first negative rebuttalist to return to every point, only
the most important points should be developed.

Attack again the affirmative’s justification for change.

Summarize the negative block

Speaker l

Opening statements:

Legalization of sex working can and will encourage more underage trafficking and sex
trade- Miranda Villanueva

Good morning Teacher Aida, students, fellow moderatos and debaters

We belive as the negative team that Sex work should not be legalized in the United States.
The first reason is that the Legalization of sex working can and will encourage more
underage trafficking and sex trade. The presence of an adult sex industry increases both
the rates of child sexual exploitation and trafficking. Legalization has spurred
traffickers to recruit children and marginalized women to meet demand.

The estimate of the number of juvenile sex workers within the United States ranges from
300,000 and 600,000 girls. Another estimate with some research credibility is from a recent
study by J. M. Edwards, Bonita J. Iritani, and D. D. Hallfors researched and found that 3.5% of
an AddHealth sample endorsed an item asking if they had “ever exchanged sex for drugs or
money.” The nationally representative sample consisted of 13,294 yooth in grades 8‐12 who
completed an in‐school questionnaire. The majority (67.9%) of those said they had participated
in a sex exchange were males.
There are also national estimates from law enforcement sources about the number of juveniles
taken into custody because of sex work. For example, the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report data
analyzed by Snyder and Sickmund (2006) shows that 1,400 juveniles were arrested nationally in
2003 for prostitution and commercialized vice. One study with data from 150 countries found
that those with “legalized sex work experience a larger reported incidence of trafficking
inflows.”
➢ Another quantitative analysis similarly reported that sex trafficking is “most prevalent in
countries wheresex work is legalized.”
➢ Regulated sex work increases the size of the overall market for commercial sex, which
benefits criminal enterprises that profit from sex trafficking.
➢ Human trafficking is now facilitated online and through social media.
➢ Human trafficking is fueled by a high reward, low-risk dynamic. This means that
traffickers can expect to make a lot of money with minimal fear of punishment or
legal consequences.
➢ And while drugs are sold in one transaction, human beings can be sold over and
over again.
➢ increased demand for commercial sex - especially with young girls and boys -
incentivizes commercial sex venues including strip clubs, pornography, and
prostitution to recruit and exploit children.
➢ https://www.unicefusa.org/stories/what-fuels-human-trafficking/31692

➢ The majority of victims are women—70 percent—and risk for women may be
heightened further in areas where extreme gender discrimination prevails.

➢ Traffickers lure victims in a variety of ways. This may include what we

stereotypically think of in terms of kidnapping and coercion. Violence is
inherent in the sex industry. Numerous studies show that between 70
 percent and 90 percent of children and women who end up in commercial
sex were sexually abused prior to entry

Speaker ll

Opening statements:
According to the organization of hesperian health guides The legalization of sex working will
cause an increase in the spread of diseases. Many sex workers do not have good information
about STIs, or about how to treat or prevent them. When sex workers do go to a health center
for help, they may be treated badly or refused services. According to the US National Library of
Medicine sex workers are likely to suffer from:
- Depression.
- Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Substance use and disorders.
- Suicidal ideation
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that sex workers face the risk of
contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV and that this risk is increased due to
the amount of customers they may see each day. According to the organization of hesperian
health guides if a sex worker contracts an STI it may lead to infertility or cancer of the cervix.
Infection with a STD like herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia greatly increases her chance
of also becoming infected with HIV. As a matter of fact, many sex workers do not have good
information about STIs, or about how to treat or prevent them. Which could possibly lead to a
massive pandemic.

Besides all the sexually transmitted diseases, it may also lead to unintended pregnancy. Many
sex workers are forced to consume drugs or alcohol according to the World Health
Organization. Which leads to drug addictions. Drug addictions are expensive as are the
treatments for STDs, STIs, and HIVs. Meaning that sex workers can lose more money that they
can make sex working. In conclusion society as a whole would suffer from the legalization of
sex working by the form of STDs, STIs, and HIVs, nor does it help the sex workers as legalizing
it would increase the demand for sex work which would increase the spread of diseases around
the country. And for all these reasons we urge you to support our side.

Possible Rebuttals:

Your entire point is that sex working is done because it is less regulated, but you want to
legalize it so we can regulate it. Sex working would impact the entirety of society. Modern
societies are generally weak and fragile to pandemics, sex working will increase that weakness
to pandemics. Sex workers face too many risks for disease transmition in their line of job, which
could and would result in the death of many including the sex workers. This will not benefit the
US. Much less the sex workers. The US wasn't ready for coronavirus, this would make that
inherit unpreparedness even worse. The US is not Europe, we have different values and ideals.
It has not happened before because its illegal in the US.

- Sex working is not a profitable way for poor people to gain money as the risks of
catching a disease could either end their lifes short, or cost them a lot of money for
treatment.

- Sex working is and I can not stress this enough an industry in which both men and
women participate, it being illegal affects equality as much as murder being illegal.

- Legalizing sex work to protect sex workers, makes as much sense as legalizing bank
robbing to protect bank robbers. To put it simply, why are we legalizing a crime to help
the criminals?

- Legalizing sex work for the sake of containg STDs,STIs, and HIVs, is not a realistic
solution to that problem. Sex workers have physical contact with many people, many
times everyday, and we dont live in a perfect world accidents happen. A better solution
would be the dissapearance of any kind of sex working.

- We dont need to legalize sex work to help poor people, it has far too many risks. If we
really wanted to help poor people, we would be funding welfare initiatives.

Speaker lll

Opening statements:

Violence, fear, pain, and other horrible feelings are caused by sex work. The
decriminalization of sex work merely encourages this behavior and lets people abuse
women legally with no consequences. Some people may say that decriminalization
stops this behavior but this could not be further from the truth. Let me introduce you to
Julie Bindel, a feminist writer who has spent most of her life researching and writing
about this topic. Bindel has published several books about this topic, so we can say she
is an expert. Julie Bindel has interview dozens of sex workers about the
decriminalization of sex working. Several women in Holland, Germany, Nevada, New
Zealand, and Australia have all said that they experience more exploitation, more risk of
violence, less control over working conditions, less job satisfaction, and lower self-
esteem. This makes sense because by legalizing sex work, people no longer fear the
law and are more likely to abuse women. According to the former mayor of Amsterdam
Job Cohen - legalization had failed to remove organized crime from the sex trade, and
that he hoped to “reverse” the legislation. This proves that even by legalizing sex work,
most crime stays in the sex work industry. With facts, and with the experience of people
in countries in which sex work has been legalized, we can prove that this solution never
achieves favorable results. This is not the solution to the problem. Legalizing sex
workers does not benefit the workers, it benefits pimps and women abusers. We should
do the contrary and not encourage women to sell their bodies for other’s benefits. So to
close my statement, judge I would like you to ask yourself “will this really empower
women and save people? Or is this just an excuse for people to keep objectifying sex
workers for their own selfish gains with no backlash” Thank you.

Final Focus
Judge ready? Opponent ready? Team ready? My time starts now.

To begin our final focus, we will restate several of our important points. Our team has
proven that legalizing sex work will not be beneficial for the sex workers themselves;
neither will it be for society in general. We used trusted sources, such as the Center for
Disease Control and Prevention, Crimes Against Children Research Center, the World Health
Organizations amongst other well known sources. Not only do we have statistics, but also
the experience of Molly Smith, a former sex worker, who argued that in the countries
with legal sex work, like Netherlands, sex workers are hampered by bureacratic (official)
regulations that turn them into criminals if they don't comply. We used studies with data
from 150 countries. They found that those with legalized sex work experience a larger
reported incidence of trafficking inflows than those without legalized sex work. Another
analysis similarly reported that sex trafficking is most prevalent in countries where sex
work is legalized. Regulated sex work increases the size of the overall market for
commercial sex, which benefits criminal enterprises that profit from sex trafficking. Sex
workers may also contract and spread sexual transimitted diseases. This is not a point that
can be argued upon, there is a pandemic among the population of stds, and this is with
sex working being illegal. Regarding what Laura wanted to know, there are more than 1
million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people aged
15-49 years, according to data released by the World Health Organization. This amounts
to more than 376 million new cases annually of four infections - chlamydia, gonorrhoea,
trichomoniasis, and syphilis. This would endanger sex workers and empovrish them as
stds do need treatment. Other risks can include unintended pregnancies, the sex workers
being forced to consume drugs or alchohol, and they can even be abused and mistreated.
Worldwide there is an estimation of 40-42 million sex workers, 1-2 million of which are
sex workers in the United States. 80 percent of the world population of sex workers are
female and range in age between 13-25. 90 percent of all sex workers are dependent on a
pimp. A pimp is the facilitator or provisioner of any sex work in the arrangement of a sex
act with a costumer. While these statistics about sec work are just touching the surface,
they indicate the extent of the sex-for-sale industry worldwide. We as the negative team
have reaffirmed our points while our opponents have not answered to the following questions:

The affirmative side was not able to answer the questions regarding the author of their sources.

The affirmative team did not mention under what parameters sex work should be
legalized.

The reasons mentioned above outweigh the affirmative side’s statements, and for all
these reasons, we encourage you to vote for our side.

Research:

➔ Risks of legalization of sex work: Carlos HERNAIZ

Amanda & Elvira
The results from the present study indicate that the most common risks experienced by
the sex workers were:
● Sexually transmitted diseases especially STIs/HIV,
A sex worker faces the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
and HIV. Their risk is increased due to the amount of customers they may see
each day. She may want to protect herself by using condoms and other safer sex
practices, but the men who pay her can make it difficult. They may demand sex
but refuse to use condoms. Also, the costumers even become violent if she
refuses unsafe sex practices.
 If a sex worker contracts an STI it may lead to infertility or cancer of the cervix.
Infection with a STD like herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia greatly
increases her chance of also becoming infected with HIV.

As a matter of fact, many sex workers do not have good information about STIs,
or about how to treat or prevent them. Information and health services are often
not available to sex workers because of people’s prejudice against them. Sex
workers may be treated badly or refused services when they go to a health
center for help. (According to the organization of hesperian health guides)

● Unintended pregnancy
Besides all the sexually transmitted diseases, it may also lead to unintended
pregnancy. If she continues the pregnancy and must also continue selling sex,
she puts herself and her unborn baby at risk for complications or STIs. Or she
may feel she has no other choice but to have an unsafe abortion. And all these
situations are dangerous. (According to the organization of hesperian health
guides)

● Being forced to consume drugs or alcohol

Many sex workers are forced to consume drugs or alcohol. This makes the buyer
feel more empowerment and in control of the worker. (According to the
organization of hesperian health guides)

● being refused or denied health-care services

Many sex workers do not have good information about STIs, or about how to
treat or prevent them. Information and health services are often not available to
them because of people’s discrimination. When sex workers do go to a health
center for help, they may be treated badly or refused services. (According to the
organization of hesperian health guides)

● being deprived of sleep by force. (according to hiv and sti programmers)

https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/sexworkers.html

https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/sti/sex_worker_implementation/swit_chpt2.pdf

https://en.hesperian.org/hhg/Where_Women_Have_No_Doctor:Health_Problems_of_S
ex_Workers#:~:text=3.1%20More%20Information-,STIs%20including%20HIV
%20infection,many%20different%20men%20each%20day.
Physiological aspect
Sex workers might also have physiological effects on them like:
- Depression.
- Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Substance use and disorders.
- Shame and guilt.
- Alienation and isolation from social support.
- Suicidal ideation (thoughts of suicide)
- Identity disturbance/confusion.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles

➔ Legalization of sex working can and will encourage more underage trafficking and
sex trade- Miranda Villanueva

Ana notes : Crimes Against Children Research Center

➢ The estimate of the number of juvenile sex workers within the United States ranges from
300,000 and 600,000 girls. Another estimate with some research credibility is from a
recent study by J. M. Edwards, Bonita J. Iritani, and D. D. Hallfors researched and found
that 3.5% of an AddHealth sample endorsed an item asking if they had “ever exchanged
sex for drugs or money.” The nationally representative sample consisted of 13,294 youth
in grades 8‐12 who completed an in‐school questionnaire. The majority (67.9%) of
those said they had participated in a sex exchange were males.
➢ There are also national estimates from law enforcement sources about the number of
juveniles taken into custody because of sex work. For example, the FBI’s Uniform Crime
Report data analyzed by Snyder and Sickmund (2006) shows that 1,400 juveniles were
arrested nationally in 2003 for prostitution and commercialized vice. These data come
from aggregating data from most of the local law enforcement agencies in the U.S., and
are the same data used to estimate year‐to‐year estimates in violent and property crime
➢ http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/prostitution/Juvenile_Prostitution_factsheet.pdf
➢ One study with data from 150 countries found that those with “legalized sex work
experience a larger reported incidence of trafficking inflows.”
➢ (Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?: pp. 76)
➢ Another quantitative analysis similarly reported that sex trafficking is “most prevalent
in countries wheresex work is legalized.”
➢ (The Law and Economics of International Sex Slavery: Prostitution Laws and
Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: pp. 87)
➢ Regulated sex work increases the size of the overall market for commercial sex, which
benefits criminal enterprises that profit from sex trafficking.
 ➢ (Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?: pp. 67 and National
Legislation on Prostitution and the Trafficking in Women and Children: pp. 132)
➢ https://www.demandabolition.org/research/evidence-against-legalizing-prostitution/

Daniela notes- Miranda

➢ Human trafficking is now facilitated online and through social media. Traffickers
use love and affection as control mechanisms, and those victimized might not
even self-identify as victims.
➢ human trafficking is fueled by a high reward, low-risk dynamic. This means that
traffickers can expect to make a lot of money with minimal fear of punishment or
legal consequences.
➢ And while drugs are sold in one transaction, human beings can be sold over and
over again.
➢ increased demand for commercial sex - especially with young girls and boys -
incentivizes commercial sex venues including strip clubs, pornography, and
prostitution to recruit and exploit children.
➢ Traffickers look for people living in poverty, those who are desperate, those
without legitimate job options, those without educational opportunities, and the
ones looking for a way to escape violence. (traffickers target vulnerability.)
➢ Child marriage is a factor of sex trafficiking because when girls aren’t allowed to
learn, parents are more likely to sell their daughters to men for marriage.
➢ https://www.unicefusa.org/stories/what-fuels-human-trafficking/31692

➢ The majority of victims are women—70 percent—and risk for women may be
heightened further in areas where extreme gender discrimination prevails.
➢ Traffickers lure victims in a variety of ways. This may include what we
stereotypically think of in terms of kidnapping and coercion. Others cases are
which workers believe they’re entering a new employment contract but instead
have their legal documentation confiscated and become enslaved. Often occurs
what is called by “mail-order brides” which women believe are going to marry a
foreigner but end up being sold in trafficking rings. A phenomenon colloquially
referred to as “romeo pimping” may be used to traffic women and children for
sexual exploitation. Romeo pimping is a situation in which a man tricks a victim
into believing they are in a relationship or in love, only to enslave them.
➢ “Trafficked persons are often isolated from their social circles, unable to engage
socially or reach out for help.”
 ➢ Human trafficking occurs in every country—even in first-world countries such as
the United States.
➢ https://dworakpeck.usc.edu/news/7-facts-you-didnt-know-about-human-
trafficking%3Futm_source%3Dtest

Legalization/decriminalization of sex working does not enhance women´s choice:

RENATTA
* Legalization/decriminalization of sex work does not enhance women’s choice.

Most women in sex work didn’t make a sensible choice when it came to enter the industry. Most of them
didn’t have a choice, they didn’t have other real options like medicine, law etc. These women did not sit
down one day and decided that they wanted to become sex workers. Most of them did it out of necessity,
their “options” were more in the area of how to feed themselves and their children. They come from a
place of poverty, a place where there aren’t many options, so they take what they can. Also a lot of sex
workers are manipulated and/or tricked into the industry, for example: former adult film actress Hannah
Hays exposed the industry for being very manipulative

A sex workers agreement is required by the fact of having to adapt to conditions of inequality that are set
by the customer who pays her to do what he wants her to do. In the studies authored by Raymond et al,
several women were interviewed in which the vast majority “reported that choice in entering the sex
industry could only be discussed in the context of a lack of other options. Many described prostitution as
their last choice, or as an involuntary way of making ends meet.”

decriminalizing sex work or legalizing it will not decrease the violence police take towards them.
Majority of policemen are going to be violent towards minorities regardless if they’re doing something
legal or illegal.

Source: https://catwinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ten-Reasons-for-NOT-Legalizing-
Prostitution.pdf

● Some sex workers don’t want sex work to be legalized.

RENATTA -

There is even some people in the sex work industry that don’t want it to be legalized. This is not the life
that they want, but rather just what they have to do in order to survive, it’s not temporary for some of
them, just a kick start.

Molly Smithin an article written by Maxwell Tani for business insider. Molly smith pointed out that
many countries that legalize prostitution leave sex workers tangled up in a mess of burdensome
regulations. She also adds and and I quote “In many countries with legal sex work, like Germany, sex
workers are hampered by bureacratic (official) regulations that turn them into criminals if they don't
comply.”

Source: https://www.google.com.do/amp/s/www.businessinsider.com/sex-worker-explains-the-
difference-between-legalizing-and-decriminalizing-prostitution-2015-6%3famp

Sex work brings more abuse towards women:

- Most persons in sex working are either female or transgender women.
According to Fondation Scelles, as reported in Le Figaro:

● Worldwide there is an estimation of 40-42 million sex workers.

● 80 percent of the world population of sex workers are female and range in age between 13-25.
● 90 percent of all sex workers are dependent on a pimp. A pimp is the facilitator or provisioner of
any sex work in the arrangement of a sex act with a costumer. While these statistics about
prostitution are just touching the surface, they indicate the extent of the sex-for-sale industry
worldwide.
● There are an estimated 1-2 million sex workers in the United States.
A look at male prostitution statistics shows that of the 40-42 million prostitutes in the world, 8-
8.42 million are thought to be men and the other percent is women.
● https://prostitution.procon.org/questions/how-many-prostitutes-are-in-the-united-states-and-the-
rest-of-the-world/#:~:text=Worldwide%20there%20is%20an%20estimation,in%20age%20between
%2013%2D25.&text=A%20look%20at%20male%20prostitution,are%20thought%20to%20be
%20men%E2%80%A6

- In contrast, the vast majority of sex buyers are male.

● In the GSS sample, 1.2% of men report that they have bought sex within the last year,
and 10.1% say they have done it in their lifetimes. Our self-reported data are much
higher, at 6.2% and 20.6%, respectively.
● https://www.demandabolition.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Demand-Buyer-Report-
July-2019.pdf

- Sex workers are mostly women and face exceptional risks of murder and violence at
the hands of male sex buyers
● All of these nine women were active sex workers at the time of death, and eight were
killed while soliciting. The crude mortality rate for homicide in the cumulative cohort was
82.0 per 100,000 person-years; for the cohort of active prostitutes, it was 229 per
100,000 person-years

( https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/159/8/778/91471 table 2)

- Signifying that the practice is on the continuum of gender-based violence. This

remains true even in areas where sex work is legal or decriminalized.
● https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/
 Legalization of sex working increases hidden, illegal, and street prostitution
One objective of legalized sex work was to move undermined women indoors into brothels and
clubs where they would be supposedly less defenseless than in street sex work. In any case,
numerous women are in road prostitution since they need to avoid being controlled and misused by
pimps.Within the Netherlands, ladies involved in sex work point out that legalization or
decriminalization of the sex industry does not delete the shame of sexwork . Since they must enlist
and lose their secrecy, ladies are more powerless to be stigmatized as “whores,” and this character
takes after them everyplace. Hence, the larger part of women involved in sex work still work
wrongfully and underground. A few individuals of Parliament who initially bolstered the legalization of
brothels on the grounds that this would free ladies are presently seeing that legalization really
fortifies the oppression of women .The argument that legalization was assumed to require the
criminal elements out of sex businesses by strict control of the industry has failed. The genuine
development in prostitution in Australia since legalization took effect has been within the illicit
sector.In Modern South Ridges where brothels were decriminalized in 1995, the number of brothels
in Sydney had tripled to 400-500 by 1999, with the tremendous larger part having no permit to
publicize or work. In response to far reaching police debasement, control of illicit prostitution was
removed from police locale and set beneath the control of local councils and planning regulators. Be
that as it may, the neighborhood boards don't have the assets to explore illegal brothel
administrators

https://catwinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ten-Reasons-for-NOT-Legalizing-
Prostitution.pdf

Notes:
They support full decriminalization in order to protect sex wroker rights.
If sex work was legal, sex trafficking would not be an issue.
“Many people who are in the sex industry were trafficked”

CARLOS”:Every day, there are more than 1 million new cases of curable sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) among people aged 15-49 years, according to data
released today by the World Health Organization. This amounts to more than 376
million new cases annually of four infections - chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis,
and syphilis.”