Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

in

SECOND QUARTER

(Grade 10 SSC/SPA/SPJ/OHS/Regular Sections)

Prepared by:
Arzen Dave Q. Buan Mary Judith P. Mendoza
Precy S. Bugayong Edyson O. Pangilinan
John Paul S. Manese Rowena C. Santiago
Giezelle C. Manuel Ramoncito Q. Tagudar

Address: PHS Blvd., Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

Telephone No: (045) 961-4261  (045) 961-2239
i
 Table of Contents

Week Contents Page

1 Polynomial Functions
1

2 Graphs of Polynomial Functions

27

3 Circles: Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and Inscribed Angles

64

4 Tangents and Secants of a Circle

104

5 The Distance Formula, Midpoint Formula and Coordinate 138

Proof
6 The Equation of a Circle
165

7 The Equation of a Circle

186

To get the most out of this SIPacks, read, understand and follow the reminders below:

General Instructions:

1. Read all parts of the lesson.

2. Answer all given activities and evaluation intended for each week lesson.

3. Write your answers in your Activity Notebook ensuring that all are properly labeled
(Activity No. and title as well as the date)

4. Write the following data on the first page of your Activity Notebook and at the beginning of
the next quarter:

a. Complete Name
b. Grade Level and Section
c. Learning Area/Subject
d. Name of the Subject Teacher
e. Quarter No.

ii
 SELF- INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS
MATHEMATICS Grade 10

School Teaching Dates/ October 26 – 30, 2020

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL Week (Week 1)
Teacher Grade 10 Mathematics Teachers Quarter Second

I. Objectives
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of polynomial
functions.
B. Performance Standards

The learner is able to conduct systematically a mathematical investigation

involving polynomial functions in different fields.

C. Learning Competencies

1. Illustrate polynomial functions. (M10AL-lla-1)

2. Understand, describe and interpret the graphs of polynomial functions.
(M10AL-lla-b-1)

D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. define and illustrate a polynomial function;

2. identify the degree, the leading term, the leading coefficient and the
constant term of a polynomial function;
3. determine the x and the y - intercepts of a polynomial function;
4. sketch the graph of a polynomial function using a table of values and signs;
and
5. relate the concepts of polynomial functions in real-life situations.

II. Content
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Learning Resources

A. References
Learner’s Module pp. 127 - 132
Grade 10 Next Century Mathematics pp. 99 - 126
B. Other Learning Resources
http.//www.mathisfun.com/algebra/sequences-series.html

III. Procedures

DAY 1
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Hello there! How is your experience during the first quarter of homeschooling?
Have you enjoyed your academic journey? I hope on this quarter, you will feel the same
enjoyment.

Why don’t we begin your significant learning by reviewing the previous lesson
about polynomial equations?

1
 To test how well you remember the past lesson, do the activity below:

Activity # 1:

a) Fill in the blanks: (5 pts)

1. Factoring an expression means finding all the prime factors of the given
product. If the only factors of the polynomial are the ___________ and __, then
the polynomial is said to be prime. (2 pts)
2. Polynomial Equation
A polynomial equation of degree n in one variable x is an equation that can be
written in the form where are _____ numbers.
3. The value of the variable which satisfies a polynomial equation is called a
______of the equation.
4. Every polynomial equation p(x) = 0 of degree n has exactly __ roots.

b) Solve the following polynomial equations: (10 points)

Find the roots of the following polynomial equations.

1) x3 – 10x2 + 32x – 32 = 0
2) x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 0
3) x3 – 2x2 + 4x – 8 = 0
4) 3x3 – 19x2 + 33x – 9 = 0
5) x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0

Answer this in your

Activity Notebook
Now, check your work by turning to page 16 for the key to
correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer. Score Description
How many correct answers did you get? Very Good
13 - 15

Rate your result using the table above. If your score 10 – 12 Good
is at least 7 out of 15, you may now proceed to the next 7–9 Fair
part of the discussion. Turn to page 15
sec. J and work
B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson 0–6 on the
enrichment
activities

2
 C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson
This time, let us be observant like Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz as we go through the content
of the table below and conceptualize the new topic.

Polynomial Expression Polynomial Equation Polynomial Function

2x4 + 5x3 – 8x2 – 7x – 9 2x4 + 5x3 – 8x2 – 7x – 9 = 0 p(x) = 2x4 + 5x3 – 8x2 – 7x – 9

What have you noticed?

Based on the table and on what we have learned from our previous lessons, we describe:
A polynomial expression is an algebraic expression that contains a specific number of
terms each of which is in the form axn, where a is a real number and n is a whole number. Hence,
it is in the form anxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0, an ≠ 0.

A polynomial equation is an equation involving a polynomial expression or a polynomial

expression that is equated to zero. Thus, it is in the form
anxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0 = 0, where an, an – 1, an – 1, … a0 are real numbers.

Now, as we relate the above-cited concepts to what is contained in the third column of the
table, we say that:

A polynomial function is defined by p(x) = anxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0, an ≠ 0,

where n is a non-negative integer and a whole number, an, an – 1, an – 1, … a0 are real numbers.
called coefficients, anxn is the leading term, an is the leading coefficient, and a0 is the constant
term.

The terms in a polynomial function may be written in any order. However, if they are
written
in the decreasing powers of x, then we say that the polynomial function is in standard form.

To understand it better, let us have the following examples.

Write f(x) = 2 – x – 4x4 + 3x2 in standard form and identify the degree,
Example # 1: the leading term, the leading coefficient and the constant term.

standard form degree leading term leading coefficient constant term

f(x) = – 4x4+ 3x2 – x + 2 4 – 4x4 –4 2

Now, try the next example.

Write p(x) = - 9 – 7x + 5x3 + 2x4 – 8x2 in standard form and identify the
Example # 2: degree, the leading term, the leading coefficient and the constant term.

You are expected to get:

standard form degree leading term leading coefficient constant term

p(x) = 2x4+ 5x3 – 8x2 – 7x – 9 4 2x4 2 -9

If you get it correctly then, you may proceed with the activity after the succeeding
paragraphs. If not, I am sorry but you have to go back with the first example and try it all over again.

Other than P(x), a polynomial function may also be denoted by f(x), g(x) and so on.
Sometimes, a polynomial function is represented by a set P of ordered pairs (x, y).

3
 Thus, a polynomial function can be written in different ways like the following:

1. f(x) = anxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0

2. y = anxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0

or may be written in factored form and as a product of irreducible factors, that is, a factor
that can no longer be factored using coefficients that are real numbers.

Here are some examples:

1. f(x) = x3 + x2 + 18 in factored form as f(x) = (x+3)(x2 – 2x +6)
2. y = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 14x – 56 in factored form as y = (x2 +7)(x – 2)(x+4)

Activity # 2: FIX AND MOVE THEM, THEN FILL ME UP

Polynomial
Leading
Polynomial Function Function in Degree Constant Term
Coefficient
Standard Form

1. f(x) = 2 – 11x + 2x2

2. f(x) = 2x3 + 5 + 15x

3 3

3. y = x (x2 - 5)

4. y = -x (x + 3) (x - 3)

5. y = (x + 4) (X + 1)(x - 1)2

Answer this in your

Now, check your work by turning to page 16 for the key to Activity Notebook
correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer,
making your points 4 for every number. How many correct Score Description
answers did you get? 20 Very Good
Rate your result using the table above. If your score is at 15 – 19 Good
least 10 out of 20, you may now proceed to the next part of the
10 – 14 Fair
discussion.
Turn to page 15
sec. J and work
0–9 on the
enrichment
I hope you have done well in factoring polynomials and activities
polynomial equations since this task is very important for the
next part of the discussion,
determining the x-intercepts.

But what do you know about the x-intercepts of a graph?

The x-intercepts are the x – values when y is set to 0. Let me introduce you to an example.

Example # 1: Find the x-intercepts of y = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6.

Solution:
Step 1. Set y to 0.
y = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6
x3 – 4x2 + x + 6 = y (symmetric property of equality)
x3 – 4x2 + x + 6 = 0

4
Step 2. Factor (you may use any method in factoring)
x3 – 4x2 + x + 6 = 0
(x + 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) = 0

Step 3. Equate each factor to 0 and solve for x

x+1=0 x–2=0 x–3=0
x = -1 x=2 x=3

Thus, the x- intercepts are -1, 2 and 3. This means the graph will pass through
(-1, 0), (2, 0) and (3, 0).

What have you noticed with the x-intercepts for they are the values of x when a polynomial
is factored?
The x-intercepts are actually the roots/the zeros/the solutions of a polynomial.

Using the same example, how do we determine the y-intercept?

In determining the y-intercept, set x to 0. This only means that the y-intercept is the value
of y, when x equals 0.

y = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6

Solution:
Step 1. Set x to 0.
y = (0)3 – 4(0)2 + (0) + 6

Step 2. Perform the indicated operations.

y = (0)3 – 4(0)2 + (0) + 6
y=6

Thus, the y-intercept is 6. This means that the graph will also pass through (0, 6)

Now, what have you observed with the y-intercept given the polynomial function?

The y-intercept of the polynomial function is the constant term.

At this point, try doing the next example.

Example # 2: What are the intercepts of y = x3 + 3x2 – x – 3?

You are expected to get -3, -1 and 1 as the x-intercepts, which means that the graph will
pass through (-3, 0), (-1, 0) and (1, 0). Moreover, you are expected to get - 3 as the y-intercept,
which means that the graph will also pass through (0, - 3).

If you get the answer correctly, then you may proceed to the next example. If not, I am sorry
but you have to go back to the first example and try all over again.

Example # 3: Find the x-intercepts and the y-intercept of y = x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x

For the x-intercepts:

Step 1. Set y to 0.
y = x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x
x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x = y (symmetric property of equality)
x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x = 0

Step 2. Factor (you may use any method in factoring)

x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x = 0
x(x4 – x3 – 11x2 + 9x + 18)
x(x +1)(x – 2)(x+3)(x – 3) = 0

5
Step 3. Equate each factor to 0 and solve for x.
x=0 x+1=0 x–2=0 x+3=0 x–3=0
x = -1 x=2 x = -3 x=3
Thus, the x-intercepts are 0, -1, 2, -3 and 3 which means that the graph will pass through
(0,0), (-1, 0), (2, 0), (-3, 0) and (3, 0).

For the y-intercept:

Step 1. Set x to 0.
y = x5 – x4 – 11x3 + 9x2 + 18x
y =(0)5 – (0)4 – 11(0)3 + 9(0)2 + 18(0)

Step 2. Perform the indicated operations.

y =(0)5 – (0)4 – 11(0)3 + 9(0)2 + 18(0)
y=0

Thus, the y-intercept is 0 which means that the graph will also pass through (0, 0).

What have you noticed with the y-intercept given the polynomial function in the preceding
example?

Since the polynomial function does not contain any constant term so the y-intercept is 0.

Now, try the next example.

Example # 4: What are the intercepts of y = x4 + 6x3 – x2 – 6x?

You are expected to get -6, -1, 0 and 1 as the x-intercepts, which means that the graph will
pass through (-6, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0) and (1, 0). Moreover, you are expected to get 0 as the y-intercept,
which means that the graph will also pass through (0, 0).

If you get the answer correctly, then you may proceed to the activity below. If not, I am sorry
but you have to go back to the first example and try all over again.

SEIZE AND INTERCEPT ME (2 points each)

Activity # 3: (Answer in Your Activity Notebook)
Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the
following polynomial functions.

1) y = x3 + x2 – 12x
2) y = (x – 2) (x – 1)(x+3)
3) y = 2x4 + 8x3 + 4x2 – 8x – 6
4) y = -x4 + 16
5) y = x5 + 10x3 – 9x

Now, check your work by turning to page 16 for the key

to correction. Give yourself 2 points for every correct answer,
and for any mistake committed in each item 1 point. How many
correct answers did you get? Score Description
9 - 10 Very Good
7-8 Good
Rate your result using the table above. If your score is at
5-6 Fair
least 5 out of 10, you may now proceed to the next part of the
discussion. Turn to page 15
sec. J and work on
0-4
the enrichment
activities

6
 DAY 2
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
The graphical representation of equations relating two variables was introduced to you in
Math 8 where you learned that the graph of linear equations in two variables is a line.

In Math 9, you learned how to graph a second equation or quadratic equation or quadratic
function, particularly the parabola.

Now, in Math 10 you will learn how to graph polynomial functions of degree greater than
2.

Can you guess how the graphs of polynomial functions of degree greater than 2 look like?

Graphs of polynomial functions are smooth and continuous.

No sharp corners, no gaps or holes, can be drawn without lifting a pencil from a paper.

The study of graphs of polynomial functions of degree greater than 2 is more complicated
than that of polynomials of degree less than or equal to 2.

At this point, let us recall the steps to be followed in constructing a graph:

1. Prepare a table of values for x and y that satisfy a given function. These ordered
pairs are the points that lie on the curve described by the function.
2. Plot the points described by the ordered pairs in the table.
3. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve passing through the points we have plotted.

Now, let us have the following examples.

Example # 1: Draw the graph of P(x) = x3 – 2x2 – x + 2

Solution: We prepare a table of values for x and y = P(x)

Note that the values of x and y are obtained
by direct substitution.
See the computation below.
If x = -3 ; P(-3) = (-3)3 – 2(-3)2 – (-3) + 2 = - 40
If x = -2 ; P(-2) = (-2)3 – 2(-2)2 – (-2) + 2 = - 12
If x = -1 ; P(-1) = (-1)3 – 2(-1)2 – (-1) + 2 = 0
If x = 0 ; P(0) = (0)3 – 2(0)2 – (0) + 2 = 2
If x = 1 ; P(1) = (1)3 – 2(1)2 – (1) + 2 = 0
If x = 2 ; P(2) = (2)3 – 2(2)2 – (2) + 2 = 0
If x = 3 ; P(3) = (3)3 – 2(3)2 – (3) + 2 = 8

Always bear in mind that, when you assign values of x you should get at most n roots,
the value/s of x when y or P(x) = 0.
In our given example since the degree is 3, there are at most 3 real roots or x-intercepts.
These are -1, 1 and 2.

7
 Now, the graph can be drawn by plotting the resulting points with coordinates
(-3, -40), (-2, -12), (-1, 0), (0, 2), (1, 0), (2, 0), and (3, 8) and connecting them.

This is now the graph of P(x) = x3 – 2x2 – x + 2

Example # 2: Sketch the graph of the fourth degree polynomial function which is
defined by f(x) = x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 8x + 12.
Solution:
We can now prepare a table of values for x and y = f(x).
You can use direct substitution or synthetic substitution.
Let’s do the synthetic substitution to find the roots or x – intercepts.

Since the polynomial function given is a fourth degree polynomial, it must contain
four roots or x – intercepts. Hence, its roots/x-intercepts are -1, 2, -2, and 3.

Here is the summary of the table of values. We have to add -3 and 4 as assigned
values of x since -2 and 3 are roots/x-intercepts of the function, they are lying on the x –
axis so we need to extend the graph.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

y 60 0 0 12 12 0 0 60

Plotting and connecting the points given in the table on the x – y plane we have
the graph of the function defined by f(x) = x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 8x + 12 given on below.

8
 Now, it’s your turn to go on the next example.
Sketch the graph of the polynomial function defined by
Example # 3: 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 2.

To be answered in your Activity Notebook.

You should get,

Now, check your work by turning to page 18 for the key to correction. If your answer is
correct, you may answer the given exercises below before you proceed to the next part of the
discussion. If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to example number 1 and try all over again.

Gauging What You Have Learned!

Activity # 4:
MAKE AND SKETCH

Using direct substitution or synthetic substitution, make a table of values for x and y
and sketch an accurate graph for each of the following polynomial functions.
Answer in your Activity Notebook

1. P(x) = x3 - x2 – 10x – 8 3. f(x) = x4 – 10x2 + 9

2. P(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 3x + 2 4. f(x) = x4 + 2x3 – 5x2 – 6x

Now, check your work by turning to page 16-18

for the key to correction. How many correct answers Score Description
did you get? Rate your result using the table below. If your 16 Very Good
score is at least 9 out of 16, you may now proceed to the next
13 – 15 Good
part of the discussion.
9 – 12 Fair
Turn to page 15
sec. J and work
0–8 on the
enrichment
activities

9
 DAY 3 E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Activity # 5: WHAT IS THE DESTINY OF MY BEHAVIOR?

Answer in your Activity Notebook.

Given the polynomial function y = (x + 4) (x + 2) (x – 1) (x – 3), complete the

table below. Answer the questions that follow.

Questions:
1. At what point(s) does the graph pass through the x-axis?
2. If x < - 4, what can you say about the graph?
3. If – 4 < x < - 2, what can you say about the graph?
4. If – 2 < x < - 1, what can you say about the graph?
5. If 1 < x < 3, what can you say about the graph?
6. If x > 3, what can you say about the graph?

Now, check your work by turning to page 18 for the

key to correction. How many correct answers did you get?
Rate your result using the table below. If your score is at Score Description
least 13 out of 25, you may now proceed to the next part of
20 Very Good
the discussion.
15 – 19 Good
10 – 14 Fair
Review well the
Now this table may be transformed into a simpler 0–9
lesson.
one that will instantly help you in locating the curve.
We call this the table of signs.

How can we make a table of signs for polynomial

functions?
What you should be familiar with before taking this lesson?

To answer these questions let us have the first example.

Example # 1: Sketch the graph of the polynomial function

f(x) = (x + 4) (x + 2) (x – 1) (x–3).

Remember that the roots of a polynomial function correspond to the x-intercepts of the
graph of y = f(x).

So, we first find the roots of the polynomial function f(x) = (x + 4) (x + 2) (x – 1) (x–3).

10
For f(x) = 0, we need to apply the Zero-Product Property

x+4=0 ; x+2=0 ; x–1=0 ; x–3=0

Solve each of the above equations to obtain the roots of f(x) = y.

x = - 4, x = - 2, x = 1 and x=3

We have found the points where the expression is 0, we now have to find where it’s less
than 0. In other words, we have to find out when the expression is negative.

To do this we look at the signs of the factors (x + 4) (x + 2) (x – 1) and (x – 3). In other

words, we look for the intervals in which they are positive or negative. Test values are then
chosen from within each interval.
To do this we make a “table of signs.”

We put each factor in the table and use the rules of multiplication of signs to complete the
sign for polynomial function as shown below.

Because we are only interested in the sign of the polynomial here, we don't have
to completely evaluate it:
f(-5) = (-5 + 4) = - 1 f(-5) = (-5 - 1) = - 6
f(-5) = (-5 + 2) = - 3 f(-5) = (-5 - 3) = - 8

Here we see that f(-5) is negative, and so f(x) will always be negative for
−∞ < x < −4

We can repeat the process for the remaining intervals

We use the roots of the function which graphically are shown as x intercepts, the
table of signs and the y intercept (0, 24) to complete the graph as shown below.

11
The arrow heads at both ends of the graph signify that the graph indefinitely goes upward.

Here is another example.

Example # 2: Sketch the graph of P(x) = - x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 6

Solution:

P(x) = - x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 6 Write original function

0 = - x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 6 Substitute 0 for P(x)

0 = - (x + 3) (x + 1) (x – 2) factor completely using synthetic division or

factor theorem

So, the roots or the x - intercepts are -3, -1, and 2.

Use the x – intercepts to divide the x – axis into intervals and choose a test value
in each interval to determine the sign of P(x) in the interval.

You can now construct a table of signs

The graph of P(x) is shown below.

So, you have learned how to sketch the graphs of polynomial functions using the
intercepts, some points and the position of the curves determined from the table of signs.

The procedures described are applicable when the polynomial function is in

factored form. Otherwise, you need to express first a polynomial in factored form.

12
 Try this,

Example # 3: Sketch the graph of y = (x - 2)(x + 2)((x + 4)

Answer in your Activity Notebook

Now, check your work by turning to page --- for the key to correction.
If your answer is correct, you may answer the given exercises below before we
proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I am sorry but you have to go
back to example numbers 1 and 2 and try all over again.

Gauging What You Have Learned!

SIGN ON AND SKETCH ME

Activity # 6:
Answer in your Activity Notebook

For each of the following functions, give

a. the x- intercepts
b. the intervals obtained when the x-intercepts are used to partition the number
line.
c. the table of signs
d. a sketch of the graph

1. y = (2x + 3)(x - 1)(x - 4)

2. y = x4 - 26x2 + 25
3. y = x2(x + 3)(x + 1)4(x - 1)3

Answer this in your

Activity Notebook

Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to page 19-20 for
the key to correction. How many correct answers did you 13 - 15 Very Good
get? Rate your result using the table below. If your score is 10 – 12 Good
at least 7 out of 15, you may now proceed to the next part of 7–9 Fair
the discussion.
Turn to page 15
sec. J and work
DAY 4 F. DEVELOPING MASTERY 0–6 on the
enrichment
I. Consider the given polynomial functions activities
1. y = - x (x + 6) (3x - 4)
2. y = (x +3) (x+1)2 (2x - 5)
3. y = (x2 - 5) (x - 1)2 (x-2)2

Fill in the following table below

Polynomial Leading
Function in Degree Coefficient Constant
Standard Form Term

II. Complete the table of values for the function

y = - x (x + 6) (3x - 4)
x -3 -1 0 2 4

13
III. For the function y = x4 - 5x2 + 4 ;
a. Make a table of values for x and y using the direct or synthetic substitution
b. Construct table of sign and
c. Sketch the graph of the function

Now, check your work by turning to page 21-22 for the key to correction.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

1. Nursing, psychiatric and home-health aides use polynomials to

determine schedules and keep records of patient progress. People seeking
employment in these areas require a keen mathematical background using
polynomial computations.

2. Converting measurements, using geometry to calculate area, and

metric math apply to forestry employment in conservation work and
logging. Forest engineers, conservationists and loggers use
polynomials in managing the land, for example, calculating how many
trees to replant after cutting down a section of forest.

3. Electronics use many polynomials. The definition of resistance, V=IR, is

a polynomial relating the resistance from a resistor to the current through it
and the potential drop across it.

4. Polynomials can also be used to model different situations, like in the

stock market to see how prices will vary over time. Business people also
use polynomials to model markets, as in to see how raising the price of
a good will affect its sales.

5. Additionally, polynomials are used in physics to describe the trajectory of

projectiles. Polynomial integrals (the sums of many polynomials) can be used
to express energy, inertia and voltage difference, to name a few applications.

DAY 5
H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

LET’S SUMMARIZE

Polynomial Functions
If P(x) is a polynomial function, then it is given by P(x) = a nxn + an – 1 xn – 1 + an – 2xn – 2 + …+a1x + a0
where the coefficients an, an−1,⋯, a1, a0 are real numbers and the exponents are positive integers.
We call the first nonzero coefficient an the leading coefficient. The term anxn is called the leading
term. The degree of the polynomial is n.

The x - and y - intercepts

Algebraically,
● x-intercept is the x - coordinate of a point on the graph where y is zero, and
● y-intercept is the y - coordinate of a point on the graph where x is zero.
More specifically,
● x-intercept is the value of x in the equation where the y-value is zero, and
● y-intercept is the value of y in the equation where the x-value is zero.
To determine the x-intercept, we set y equal to zero and solve for x. Similarly, to determine the y-
intercept, we set x equal to zero and solve for y.

The Graphs of Polynomial Functions

To graph a polynomial function of degree greater than two, evaluate the function to determine
ordered pairs, then plot the points with these pairs as coordinates and connect the points to form
a smooth curve.

14
Aside from the table of values, the table of signs can also be used. In this, we can sketch the
graph of polynomial functions using the intercepts, some points, and the position of the curves.

The x-coordinates of the points where the graph meets the x-axis are the zeros or the x-intercepts
of the function.

I. Evaluating learning
Answer the attached worksheet on page 25-26.

J. Additional activities for application or remediation.

(Answer in your Activity Notebook).

ACTIVITY# 1: SOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS (2 points each)

Find the roots of the following polynomial equations.
1. -2x4+13x3-21x2+2x+8=0
2. x4-3x2+2=0
3. x4-x3-7x2+13x-6=0
4. x5-5x4-3x3+15x2-4x+20=0
5. 2x4-17x3+13x2+53x+21=0

ACTIVITY# 2: Fix and Move Them, Then Fill Me Up (4 points each)

Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below
Polynomial
Leading Constant
Polynomial Function Function in Degree
Coefficient Term
Standard Form

1. f(x)=8+3x2 - x4 - 4x + x5

2.Y= 3x6- 2x + x4 + 3x5 - 3

5 3 4

3. f(x)=2x3(9x2+5)

4. f(x)=x3(x-5)(x+5)

5.y=(x+3)2(x-3)(x+1)
ACTIVITY# 3: Seize and Intercept Me (2 points each)
Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following polynomial functions:
1. y=2x3-7x2-7x+12
2. y =(2x+3)(x-1)(x-4)
3. Y = -x5 + 3x4 + x3 - 7x2 +4
4. Y = -x4+81
5. y= x5-5x3+4x

Activity# 4 : Make and Sketch (2 points each)

Using direct substitution or synthetic substitution, make a table of values for x and y and sketch
an accurate graph for each of the following polynomial functions.

1. f(x) = x3 - 3x2 +4 3. f(x) =6x4 + x3 – 22x2 – 11x + 6

2. f(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 2 4. f(x) =x4 + 12x2 +16x

ACTIVITY# 6: Sign on and Sketch Me (4 points each)

For each of the Following functions, give
a. The x- intercepts
b. The intervals obtained when the x-0intercepts are used to partition the number line.
c. The table of signs
d. A sketch of the graph
1. y=-x3+2x2+11x-12
2. y=x4-5x3+3x2+13x-10

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 KEY TO CORRECTION:

A
ACTIVITY# 1 :
I. Fill in the blanks: :(1 point each)
1. Polynomial itself and 1 (2pts)
2. Real
3. Root or solution
4. n
II. Solving polynomial equations: (2 points each)
1. (2, 4, 4) or (2, 4 multiplicity2)
2. (1, 2, 3)
3. (2, ±2𝑖)
1 1
4. (3, 3, ) or (3 multiplicity 2, )
3 3
5. (-2,-1, 1, 2,)

C.
ACTIVITY# 2 : Fix and Move Them, then Fill Me Up: (2 points each)

Polynomial Function Polynomial Function in Leading

Degree
Standard Form Coefficient Constant
Term

1. f(x) = 2 – 11x + 2x2 f(x) =2x2 – 11x + 2 2 2 2

2. f(x) = 2x3 + 5 + 15x f(x) = 2x3 + 15x + 5 3 2 5

3 3 3 3 3 3

3. y = x(x2 - 5) y = x3 – 5x 3 1 0

4. y = -x(x + 3)(x - 3) y = -x3 + 9x 3 -1 0

5. y = (x + 4)(X + 1)(x - 1)2 y = x4 + 3x3 – 5x2 – 3x + 4 4 1 3

ACTIVITY# 3 : Seize and Intercept Me. (2 points each)

1. x-intercepts: 0, -4, 3 y-intercept: 0
2. x-intercepts: 2, 1, -3 y-intercept: 6
3. x-intercepts: 1, -1, -3 y-intercept: -6
4. x-intercepts: 2, -2 y-intercept: 16
5. x-intercepts: 0, 1, -1, -3, 3 y-intercept: 0

D.
ACTIVITY# 4 : Make and Sketch

1. P(x) = x3 - x2 – 10x – 8
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

P(x) -14 0 0 -8 -18 -24 -20 0 42

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 2. P(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 3x + 2
x -2 -1 0 1/2 1 2 3

P(x) -20 0 2 0 --2 0 20

3. f(x) = x4 – 10x2 + 9
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

f(x) 105 0 5 0 9 0 -15 0 105

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 4. f(x) = x4 + 2x3 – 5x2 – 6x
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

f(x) 72 0 -8 0 0 -8 -8 72

E.
ACTIVITY# 5: What is the destiny of my behavior?
Value of x Value of y Relation of y value to Location of the point (x,y):
0: above the x – axis, on the x-
y > 0, y = 0, or y < 0? axis, or below the x-axis?

-5 144 y>0 Above the x - axis

-4 0 y=0 On the x - axis

-3 -24 y<0 Below the x - axis

-2 0 y=0 On the x - axis

0 24 y>0 Above the x - axis

1 0 y=0 On the x - axis

2 -24 y<0 Below the x - axis

3 0 y=0 On the x - axis

4 144 y>0 Above the x - axis

Answer to the questions:

1. (-4, 0), (-2, 0), (1, 0) and (3, 0)
2. The graph is above the x – axis.
3. The graph is below the x – axis.
4. The graph is above the x – axis.
5. The graph is below the x - axis.
6. The graph is above the x – axis.

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 EXAMPLE 3: Sketch the graph of y = (x - 2)(x + 2)((x + 4)

Table of Signs Intervals

x<-4 -4 < x < -2 x>2

Test Value -5 -3 3

x+4 - + +

x+2 - - +

x–2 - - +

y = (x - 2)(x + 2)((x + 4) - + +

Position of the curve

below above above
relative to the x – axis.

ACTIVITY# 6: Sign on and Sketch Me

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2. y = x4 -26x2 + 25 or y = (x + 5)(x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 5)

3. y = x2(x + 3)(x + 1)4(x - 1)3

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F. Developing Mastery:
I.

Polynomial Function in Standard Form Degree Leading Coefficient Constant Term

-3x3 - 14x2 + 24x 3 -3 0

24x4 + 5x3 -11x2 - 29x – 15 4 24 -15

X6 - 6x5 + 8x4 + 18x3-61x2 + 60x -20 6 1 -20

II.

x -3 -1 0 2 4

y -117 -35 0 -32 -320

III. For the function y = x4 - 5x2 + 4 ;

Make a table of values for x and y using the direct or synthetic substitution

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y 40 0 0 4 0 0 40
d. Construct table of sign; and

21
 Sketch the graph of the function

KEY TO CORRECTION TO J:

Answer Key for J. Enrichment

ACTIVITY# 1: SOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS (2 points each)
Find the roots of the following polynomial equations.

ACTIVITY# 2: Fix and Move Them, Then Fill Me Up (4 points each)

Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below

22
ACTIVITY# 3: Seize and Intercept Me (2 points each)
Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following polynomial functions:
1. x-intercepts: -3/2,1,4 y-intercept: 12
2. x-intercepts: -3/2,1,4 y-intercept: 12
3. x-intercepts: -1,1,2 y-intercept: 4
4. x-intercepts: 4,-4 y-intercept: 81
5. x-intercepts: 0,1,-1,-2,2 y-intercept: 0

ACTIVITY# 4 : Gauging What You Have Learned! (2 points each)

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 ACTIVITY#6:

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4−5𝑥 3+3𝑥 2+13𝑥 − 10

24
Use a separate 1 whole sheet of yellow paper to answer WORKSHEET #1. Show all your
solutions. Label your paper using the format shown below and is to be submitted to your Math
teacher.

Name: ______________________________ Section: ______________________

Subject: Mathematics 10 Week 1 Parent’s Signature: _____________
WORKSHEET #1
I. Sketch the graph of each function. Identify the following: a) leading term; b) x
intercepts; c) the intervals obtained when the x-intercepts are used to partition the
number line; d) table of values/table of signs f) sketch the graph.

1. 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 – 𝟐)(𝒙 – 𝟒)

a) leading term ____________
b) x intercepts ____________
c) the intervals obtained whey they are used to partition the number line
_________________________________________
d) Table of Values
x

P(x)

e) Sketch the graph

2. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙2(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟑)

a) leading term ____________
b) x intercepts ____________
c) the intervals obtained whey they are used to partition the number line
_________________________________________
d) Table of Values
x

P(x)

f) Sketch the graph

25
3. 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟓)2 (𝒙 + 𝟑)
a) leading term ____________
b) x intercepts ____________
c) the intervals obtained whey they are used to partition the number line
_________________________________________
d) Table of Signs
Intervals

Test Value

𝒇(𝒙) = −𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟓)2 (𝒙 + 𝟑)

Position of the curve relative to

x-axis.

f) Sketch the graph

4. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙3 +𝟐𝒙2 −𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔

a) leading term ____________
b) x intercepts ____________
c) the intervals obtained whey they are used to partition the number line
_________________________________________
d) Table of Signs
Intervals

Test Values

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙3 +𝟐𝒙2 −𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔

Position of the curve

relative to x-axis.
f) Sketch the graph

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