Anatomy - Urinary, foramina, respiratory

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1. How is surfactant Surfactant = lower surface tension, 12. What does the Inferior alveolar nerve exits from the
made and what reduce cohesive force of H2O. Made up inferior alveolar mental foramen after traveling through
does it do? of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine nerve split into? the mandibular canal, and splits into the:
1. mental nerve (skin and attached
Made by Type II alveolar cells. gingiva)
2. incisive branch (pulp)
2. If a patient Aspirated foreign objects get lodged in
aspirates dental the RIGHT lung because it is larger and 13. What does the Jugular foramen transmits the:
equipment, where straighter. TB also likes growing in the jugular foramen *posterior meningeal artery
does it tend to end apex of the right lung. transmit and *CN 9
up in the lung? what 2 bones *CN 10
make it? *CN 11
3. The optic canal Optic canal transmits the optic nerve
*Inferior petrosal sinus
transmits which and opthalmic artery.
*Sigmoid sinus (internal jugular vein)
two structures
between which 2 Optic canal connects the lesser wing of
Jugular foramen is made from the
spaces? the sphenoid and middle cranial fossa.
petrous part of temporal bone and
4. The proximal Proximal convoluted tubule = absorbs condylar part of occipital bone
convoluted tubule glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and
14. What epithelium Oro/laryngopharynx = stratified
does what? metabolites
covers the squamous epithelium (for food and
5. The ureter Ureter connects the RENAL PELVIS to oropharynx and breathing)
connects which the BLADDER laryngopharynx?
two parts in the Nasopharynx = ciliated pseudostratified
kidney and columnar epithelium (we only breathe
bladder? through it, so respiratory)
6. What are Clara Clara cells are non-ciliated bronchiolar 15. What goes Easy, greater/lesser palatine nerve,
cells? epithelial cells that secrete a surface- through the artery, and vein.
active lipoprotein. They are FOUND in greater/lesser
ciliated simple epithelium. palatine
7. What are the 2 The visceral and the parietal pleura. In foramen?
layers enclosing between these two layers is the pleural 16. What goes Incisive foramen = nasopalatine nerve
the lungs? cavity filled with fluid. If you get air in through the and sphenopalatine artery
here, you get a pneumothorax and lose incisive
air pressure. foramen?
8. What are the 3 1. Form urine 17. What goes Petrotympanic fissure = chorda tymphani
functions of the 2. Maintain homeostasis through the nerve
kidney? 3. Secrete hormones (erythropoietin petrotympanic
and renin) fissure?
9. What are the 3 1. Pronephros 18. What is a Cricothyrotomy is a safer procedure than
stages of the 2. Mesonephros cricothyrotomy? tracheotomy and cuts through the
kidney's 3. Metanephros cricothyroid membrane.
development?
19. What is a Type 1 Type 1 alveolar cell (Type 1
10. What are the 5 Temporal alveolar cell? pneumocyte) is 95% of alveolar surface
branches of the Zygomatic area, does gas exchange
facial nerve? Buccal
20. What is the Carina = ridge that breaks the trachea
Mandibular
carina? into the left/right bronchi
Cervical
21. What is the Macula densa = group of special cells in
11. What does the Reabsorbs sodium in response to
macula densa? the DISTAL tubule. When NaCl is low,
distal convoluted aldosterone
macula densa vasodilates the afferent
tubule do?
arteriole to increase GFR, and releases
renin from juxtaglomerular cells of
afferent/efferent arterioles.
22. What is the respiratory
zone of the lung made up
of?
23. What is the superior
orbital fissure made of?
24. What is transmitted
through the foramen
spinosum?
25. What makes up the
inferior orbital fissure and
what does it contain?
26. What makes up the
superior orbital fissure
and what are the contents?
27. What nerve gives
parasympathetic
innervation to the
submandibular and
sublingual gland?
28. What travels through the
mandibular foramen?
29. What type of epithelial cells
line the trachea?
30. Where are the kidneys
anatomically?
Respiratory zone of lung =
Respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
Superior orbital fissure =
greater/lesser wings of
sphenoid bone ONLY
Superior orbital fissure = CN
3,4,6, and V1 branches
lacrimal, frontal, and
nasociliary
Foramen spinosum = middle
meningeal artery, the largest
artery supplying the
meninges
Inferior orbital fissure =
sphenoid and maxilla
Inferior orbital fissure
contents = *Infraorbital +
Zygomatic of maxillary nerve
(CNV2)
*Infraorbital artery
*Part of inferior opthalmic
vein
Superior orbital fissure =
Sphenoid
Contents:
*CN3
*CN4
*CN6
*CN V1 lacrimal, frontal,
nasociliary branches
*Superior/inferior opthalmic
vein
Parasympathetic innervation
of submandibular/sublingual
gland = chorda tymphani
nerve from CN 7
Mandibular foramen
contains = Inferior alveolar
nerve (V3 branch), artery,
vein.
The same that line the
pharyngeal tonsils, ciliated
pseudostratified columnar
epithelium.
Kidneys are retroperitoneally,
anterior to the vertebral
muscles.
31. Where are the pharyngeal
tonsils located?
32. Where does the facial nerve
exit?
33. Where does the nasal cavity
get its blood supply from? 2
answers.
34. Where does the sphenoidal
sinus drain into? Where do
the other paranasal sinuses
drain?
35. Where does the trachea
branch into bronchi? At
what vertebral level?
36. Where is an emergency
tracheotomy performed?
37. Where is the carotid canal
located and what does it
carry?
38. Where is the hypoglossal
canal located and what does
it carry?
39. Which two muscles prevent
food from entering the
nasopharynx?
40. Why does the trachea have
the incomplete rings that
are open posteriorly?
Pharyngeal tonsils located
in the nasopharynx
Facial nerve exits at the
stylomastoid foramen in the
temporal bone.
Facial nerve also first goes
through the internal
acoustic meatus (along with
CN8 )
Nasal cavity arteries:
1. Opthalmic artery
2. Maxillary artery
Sphenoidal sinus drains
into spehnoethmoidal
recess
Other paranasal sinuses
drain into the superior,
middle, and inferior
meatuses.
Trachea bifurcates in the
carina at T4-T5, the sternal
angle
Emergency tracheotomy =
median cricothyroid
ligament (between cricoid
and thyroid cartilage)
Carotid canal carries the
internal carotid artery, it is
in the temporal bone.
Hypoglossal canal is in the
occipital bone and carries
CN12
Two muscles that prevent
food in the nasopharynx:
1. Tensor veli palatini
2. Levator veli palatini
The trachea is anterior of
the esophagus, the
esophagus lines the
posterior of the trachea.