Networking

Module Name:
Network
Candidate Name: Arsha

TABLES OF CONTENTS

TABLES OF
CONTENT…………………………………
….2
Q1: What is
Network?........................................................
.........3
Q2: What are the types of
Network?........................................4
LAN
MAN
WAN
Q3: What are the types of
topologies?.....................................5
 BUS
Topology..................................................7
RING
Topology................................................8
STAR
Topology………………………….….9
TREE
Topology…………………………….10
MESH
Topology…………………………...11
Q4: Protocol & types of
protocol…………………...…12
Reference………………………………..
.…………......14
 Networking

What is a Network?
A Network is a group of two or more computers
that are linked together to share informations, such
as exchange files or resources and also can
communicate with one another. The network can be
connected with computers through cables, telephone
lines or etc.
What are the types of networks?

There are three basics types of networks, they

are:
 Local Area Network(LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
 Wide Area Network(WAN)

Others types of networks:

 Personal Area Network(PAN)
 Global Area Network (GAN)
 Campus Area Network(CAN)
 Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN)
Local Area Network(LAN)
A Local Area Network(LAN) is a network that
consist of groups of computers that can share
peripherals, share information and communicate
with each other over a network but it is limited to a
relatively small area such as schools, buildings or
room.

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

A Metropolitan Area Network(MAN) is a network
that consist of groups of computers that can share
peripherals, share information and communicate
with each other over a network but it covers larger
geographical area comparing to LAN. This network
can be used in cities or school districts.
Wide Area Network(WAN)
A Wide Area Network(WLAN) is a collection of
LAN to share informations globally. It connects
larger geographic areas such as City or Country.
This WAN network uses both the LAN and MAN
networks to make communications globally like
INTERNET.

Types of Network Topologies?

There are five types of network topologies.

They are:
 BUS Topology
 RING Topology
  STAR Topology
 TREE Topology
 MESH Topology

BUS Topology
Bus Topology is a network type in which every computer
and network device is
connected to single cable as
shown in below diagram.

This type of topology consists

of two endpoints, which https://www.omnisecu.com/images
transmits data only in one /basic-networking/bus-
direction. ETHERNET
protocol is a common logical bus topology protocol.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It is easy to connect a It is difficult to identify
computer to a linear the problem if the
bus topology. entire network
shutdowns.
It requires only less If there is a fault in
length of cable than main cable, the entire
used in star topology. network shutdowns.
RING Topology

In Ring topology, data

packets are sent through the
circle from computers to
computers. Each computer
identifies its data packets by ht

itself. Local Talk and IBM tps://service.snom.com/display/wiki/Rin

g+topzzzzzz

Token Ring protocols are a

common logical star topology protocol.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Ring Topology is If there is a break in
better than Bus single ring, it can shut
topology. down entire network.
It doesn’t need server These topologies are
to control the less popular in these
network. modern days.
STAR Topology

As shown in the diagram, this type of topology

has computers connected to a single HUB
(which enables bridges and routers to access and
route data originating over multiple types of media)
through a single cable, where the hub acts as
central node.
As each computer has its unique connection,
even if there is a breakdown in a cable, it
doesn’t disturb other
computer connections.
 https://computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/2/3/10235412/9750296.jpg?488

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Easier to detect faults It is more expensive
in the network. than bus topology.
Cables can be If hub or connector
connected easily. fails, nodes attached
are disabled.

TREE Topology

Tree Topology is a network

that connected with the
combination of linear bus
topology and star
topologies. It consists of
groups of stars that are
connected to a linear bus https://computernetwor
backbone cable. This makes kingtopics.weebly.com/
uploads/1/0/2/3/102354
12/1250759.gif?433
the tree topology to have an expansion of
network. ETHERNET protocol is also a common
logical Tree topology protocol.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It is easily maintained. It is expensive
It consists of heavily
cabled network.

MESH
http://computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/2/3/1023
Topology 5412/9935474.jpg?316

MESH Topology is
a network setup
where each
computers and network devices are interconnected with
one another to allow data transmission. This Topology is
used for wireless networks.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Data can be This Topology is
transmitted from expensive when
different devices. compared to other
network topologies.
If one of the Set-up is very difficult.
component fails, there
is no effect on
transferring data.

Protocol & Types of Protocols

A Network protocol is a set of rules that
determine how data is transmitted between
different devices in the same network. Network
protocols are the reason you can easily
communicate with people all over the world.

Examples of Protocol:
 Transmission
control
protocol(TCP)
 Internet
Protocol(IP)
 Simple mail
Transport

Protocol(SMTP)
 File Transfer protocol(FTP)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP)
https://people.cs.pitt.edu/~xianeizhang/notes/net_img/layer.png
Transmission control protocol(TCP)
It is the internet protocols main transport layer
protocol. It also provides addressing services at
the network layer.

Internet Protocol(IP)
This protocol works at the networking layer. It
handles addressing, packet-switching and error
control for communication.

Simple mail Transport Protocol(SMTP)

A protocol for routing email message. It works
at the application layer to provide message
services.

File Transfer protocol(FTP)

A protocol that is used to transfer data between
a server and a client. It also allows users to
initialize processes on a remote host.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP)

Is an protocol for transmitting hypermedia
document such as HTML. It was designed for
communication between web browser and web
server.

Reference
 Dr. Roy Winkelman (2013) Topology, Florida.

 Tek-Tools (2020) Guide on network topology, types

and tools, accessed on 22 July 2020.

 SolarWinds worldwide 2020, guide on network

topology, accessed on 22 July 2020.
 MDN Webdocs (2020) HTTP, accessed on 23 July
2020, MDN Contributors.

 ESOFT Metro Campus (2018), Networking, Srilanka.