NSCPL 1066 TR Nde Vgo Coil PR 02

NSCPL-1066-TR-NDE-VGO-
NDE PROCEDURE Document No. COIL-PR-02

FOR
Rev. No. 0
VGO-COIL Date 06.10.2020
PRESSURE PART Page 1 of 94
NEO STRUCTO CONSTRUCTION PRIVATE LIMITED
NDE PROCEDURE FOR

VGO -COIL
PRESSURE PART
FOR
Rev. No. 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-RT-01
CONTENT
PAGE NO
PARA DISCRIPTION
1 Scope 03
2 Reference Documents 03
3 Personnel Qualification 03
4 Surface Preparation 03
5 Sensitivity of Radiograph 04
6 Image Quality Indicator(IQI) 04
7 Location Markers 11
8 Screen and Film Holder 12
9 Excessive Back scatter 12
10 Film Selection 12
11 Film Identification 12
12 Radiation energy and Direction 13
13 Geometric Unsharpness 13
14 Radiographic Density 15
15 Radiographic Technique 16
16 Processing of Radiograph 17
17 Viewing of Radiograph 17
18 Quality and Evaluation of Radiograph 17
19 Acceptance Standard 18
20 Examination of Repairs 20
21 Reporting System 21
22 Safety 21
FOR
Rev. No. 0
1.0 Scope
1.1 This procedure provides the general requirements, methods, techniques and
acceptance standards for the radiographic examination of butt welds in plate, formed
products, tubular products, and welds of pressure vessel joints for wall thickness
range 2.5 mm to 70 mm by using x-ray/gamma ray.
2.0 Reference Documents:
 ASME Section-V, Article 2, Edition 2019
 ASME Section-VIII, Div-1, Edition 2019
 ASME Section IX, Edition 2019
 ASME B31.3, Edition 2018
 SNT – TC – 1A, Edition 2016
 B224-CDU-TPL-000-MP-PR-0001 Rev.0
 6-17-0003 Rev.5 Standard Specification for Coil Work For Fired Heaters
3.0 Personal Qualification
3.1 Personnel performing examination to this procedure shall be qualified and
certified according to SNT – TC – 1A
3.2 Personnel performing radiography - RT Level I / II as per a board constituted
by Bhabha Atomic Research center( BARC/AERB) government of India
radiological safety division.
3.3 Personnel evaluating radiographs - RT Level II / III as per ASNT
recommended practice SNT-TC-1A shall carry out Radiography film
interpretation & evaluation of test results.
4.0 Surface Preparation

4.1 Surface shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable materials specification with
additional conditioning, if necessary, by any suitable process to such a degree that
images of surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any
discontinuity on the resulting radiograph.
4.2 The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where
accessible) and outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree
that the images of surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the
image of any discontinuities on the radiograph.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
4.3 The Finished surface of all butt welded joints may be flush with the base material
or may have reasonably uniform crowns with reinforcement not to exceed that
specified in the referencing code section.
5.0 Sensitivity of Radiograph
The radiograph shall have sufficient sensitivity to display designated hole-type

IQI image and the 2T hole or the essential wire of a wire IQI. The radiographs
shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters.
.
6.0 Image Quality Indicator ( IQI)-IQI Selection
6.1 IQIs shall be either the hole type or the wire type IQI shall be preferred. Hole type
IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or
alternates allowed in SE 1025.Wire type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in
accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE 747, except that the
largest wire number or the identity number may be omitted. Hole type IQI’s shall be
identified by permanently attached lead numbers, which indicate the thickness of the
IQI (designation) in thousands of an inch and in accordance with TABLE-1 (a).Wire
IQI’s shall be identified by permanently attached lead numbers and letters, which
indicate the Material group and letters (A, B, C, D) shall represent the set identification
as per TABLE-1(b).
6.2 Material. IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade
as identified in SE-1025 for hole type or SE-747 for wire type, or from an alloy material
group or grade with less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed.
6.3 Size. The designated hole IQI or essential wire shall be as specified in TABLE- 2(a).
A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI may be substituted for any section thickness listed in
TABLE-(2a), provided an equivalent IQI sensitivity is maintained.
a) Weld with reinforcement - The thickness on which the IQI is based is the
nominal single-wall material thickness plus the weld reinforcement thickness
estimated to be present on both sides of the weld (I.D. and O.D.). The values
used for the estimated weld reinforcement thicknesses shall be representative of
the weld conditions and shall not exceed the maximum permitted by the
referencing Code Section. Physical measurement of the actual weld
reinforcements is not required. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as
part of the thickness in IQI selection.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
b) Weld without reinforcement- The thickness on which the IQI is based is

nominal single wall thickness. Backing ring or strips shall not be considered as
c) Actual Values. With regard to a) and b) above, when the actual material/weld
thickness is measured, IQI selection may be based on these known values.
6.4 Welds Joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds With Dissimilar Filler Metal:-
When the weld is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that
differs from the base material, the IQI material selection shall be based on the weld
metal and in accordance with Para 6.2. When the density limits of 14.2 cannot be met
with one IQI and the
exception density areas is at the interface of weld metal and base metal, the material
selection for the additional IQI’s shall be based on base material and be in
accordance with para 6.2 of this procedure.
6.5 IQI Sensitivity:
6.5.1 Required Sensitivity. Radiography shall be performed with a technique of

sufficient sensitivity to display the designated hole-type IQI image and the essential
hole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display the
IQI identifying numbers and letters. If the designated hole-type IQI image and
essential hole, or essential wire of a wire-type IQI, do not show on any film in a
multiple film technique, but do show in composite film viewing, interpretation shall
be permitted only by composite film viewing.
For wire -type IQIs, the essential wire shall be visible within the area of interest
representing the thickness used for determining the essential wire, inclusive of the
allowable density variable are described in 6.5.2
6.5.2 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity. A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI than
the designated IQI may be substituted, provided an equivalent or better IQI
sensitivity, as listed in TABLE-2(b), is achieved and all other requirements for
radiography are met. Equivalent IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of TABLE-2(b),
which contains the designated IQI and hole. Better IQI sensitivity is shown in any
row of TABLE-2(b), which is above the equivalent sensitivity row. If the designated
IQI and hole are not represented in the table, the next thinner IQI row from TABLE-
2(b), may be used to establish equivalent IQI sensitivity.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
TABLE - 1 (a) (as per Table T-233.1)

HOLE-TYPE IQI DESIGNATION, THICKNESS & HOLE DIAMETER,
IQI IQI Thickness 1T Hole Diameter 2T Hole Diameter 4T Hole Diameter

Designation inch (mm) inch (mm) inch(mm) inch(mm)
5 0.005 (0.13) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
7 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
10 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
12 0.0125 (0.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27)
15 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.030 (0.76) 0.060 (1.52)
17 0.0175 (0.44) 0.0175 (0.44) 0.035 (0.89) 0.070 (1.78)

20 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02) 0.080 (2.03)
25 0.025 (0.64) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27) 0.100 (2.54)
30 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.060 (1.52) 0.120 (3.05)
35 0.035 (0.89) 0.035 (0.89) 0.070 (1.78) 0.140 (3.56)
40 0.040 (1.02) 0.040 (1.02) 0.080 (2.03) 0.160 (4.06)
45 0.045 (1.14) 0.045 (1.14) 0.090 (2.29) 0.180 (4.57)
50 0.050 (1.27) 0.050 (1.27) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08)
60 0.060 (1.52) 0.060 (1.52) 0.120 (3.05) 0.240 (6.10)
70 0.070 (1.78) 0.070 (1.78) 0.140 (3.56) 0.280 (7.11)
80 0.080 (2.03) 0.080 (2.03) 0.160 (4.06) 0.320 (8.13)
100 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08) 0.400 (10.16)
120 0.120 (3.05) 0.120 (3.05) 0.240 (6.10) 0.480 (12.19)
140 0.140 (3.56) 0.140 (3.56) 0.280 (7.11) 0.560 (14.22)
160 0.160 (4.06) 0.160 (4.06) 0.320 (8.13) 0.640 (16.26)
200 0.200 (5.08) 0.200 (5.08) 0.400 (10.16) ---
240 0.240 (6.10) 0.240 (6.10) 0.480 (12.19) ---
280 0.280 (7.11) 0.280 (7.11) 0.560 (14.22) ---
FOR
Rev. No. 0
TABLE - 1 (b) (as per table T-233.2)

WIRE IQI DESIGNATION AND WIRE DIAMETERS, AND WIRE IDENTITY
Set B Set C Set D
Set A
Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire

Diameter, Identit Diameter, Identit Diamete Identit Diamete Identity
in. y in. y r, in. y r, in.
0.0032 1 0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16
(0.08) (0.25) (0.81) (2.54)
0.004 2 0.013 7 0.040 12 0.126 17
(0.10) (0.33) (1.02) (3.20)
0.005 3 0.016 8 0.050 13 0.160 18
(0.13) (0.41) (1.27) (4.06)
0.0063 4 0.020 9 0.063 14 0.200 19
(0.16) (0.51) (1.60) (5.08)
0.008 5 0.025 10 0.080 15 0.250 20
(0.20) (0.64) (2.03) (6.35)
0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16 0.320 21
(0.25) (0.81) (2.54) (8.13)
TABLE - 2 (a) (as per table T-276) - IQI SELECTION

IQI
Source Side Film Side
Nominal single-Wall Material Hole – Wire – Hole- Wire –
Type Essentia Type Type Essenti Type
Thickness** Range, in.(mm)
Design l Hole Essential Design al Hole Essential
ation Wire ation Wire
Up to 0.25, incl.(6.4) 12 2T 5 10 2T 4
Over 0.25 (6.4) through 0.375
15 2T 6 12 2T 5
(9.5)
Over 0.375 (9.5)through 0.50
17 2T 7 15 2T 6
(12.7)
Over 0.50 (12.7) through 0.75
20 2T 8 17 2T 7
(19.0)
Over 0.75 (19.0) through 1.00
25 2T 9 20 2T 8
(25.4)
Over 1.00 (25.4) through 1.50
30 2T 10 25 2T 9
(38.1)
Over 1.50 (38.1) through 2.00 35 2T 11 30 2T 10
FOR
Rev. No. 0
(50.8)
Over 2.00 (50.8) through 2.50
40 2T 12 35 2T 11
(63.5)
Over 2.50 (63.5) through 4.00
50 2T 13 40 2T 12
(101.6)
Over 4.00 (101.6)through
60 2T 14 50 2T 13
6.00(152.4)
Over 6.00 (152.4) through 8.00
80 2T 16 60 2T 14
(203.2)
Over 8.00 (203.2) through 10.00
100 2T 17 80 2T 16
(254.0)
Over 10.00 (254.0) through 2.00 120 2T 18 100 2T 17

(304.8)
Over 12.00 (304.8) through 6.00 160 2T 20 120 2T 18

(406.4)
Over 16.00 (406.4) through 200 2T 21 160 2T 20

20.00(508.0)
** The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the
estimated weld reinforcement permitted by referencing code section.
TABLE - 2 (b) (as per table T-283)
EQUIVALENT HOLE – TYPE IQI SENSITIVITY
Hole – Type
Equivalent Hole – Type Designation
Designation
2T Hole 1T Hole 4T Hole
10 15 5
12 17 7
15 20 10
17 25 12
20 30 15
25 35 17
30 40 20
35 50 25
40 60 30
50 70 35
60 80 40
80 120 60
100 140 70
120 160 80
160 240 120
200 280 140
FOR
Rev. No. 0
6.6 PLACEMENT OF IQI:

6.6.1 Source side IQI(s) - The IQI(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part
being examined, except for the condition described in para 6.6.2.
 When, due to part or weld configuration or size, it is not practical to place
the IQI(s) may be placed on a separate block. Separate blocks shall be made
of the same or radiographically similar materials and may be used to
facilitate IQI positioning. There is no restriction on the Separate block
thickness, provided the IQI / area of interest shall meet the density
requirements.
 The IQI on the source side of the separate block shall be placed no closer to
the film than the source side of the part being radiographed.
 The separate blocks shall be placed as close as possible to the part being
radiographed.
 When hole type IQIs are used, the block dimension shall exceed the IQI
dimension such that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shall
be visible on the radiographed.
6.6.2 Film side IQI(s)-Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on
the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the
part being examined. A lead letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to or on the
IQI(s) but shall not mask the essential hole where hole IQIs are used.
6.6.3 IQI Placement for welds- Hole IQI(s.)The IQI(s) may be placed adjacent to or
on the weld. The IQI identification number(s) and, when used, the lead
letter “F”, shall not be in the area of interest except when geometric
configuration makes it impractical.
6.6.4 IQI Placement for welds-Wire IQI(s).The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld
so that the length of the wires are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
weld. The IQI identification and, when used, the lead letter “F”, shall not be
in the area of interest except when geometric configuration makes it
impractical.
6.6.5 IQI Location for Materials other than welds – The IQI(s) with the IQI
identification and, when used, the lead letter “F”, may be placed in the area
of interest.
6.7 NUMBER OF IQI’S:

When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall
appear on each radiograph except as outlined in (b) below.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
(a) Multiple IQIs.

If the requirements of para14.2 are met by using more than one IQI, one shall be
representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area of
interest; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having
acceptable density.
(b) Special Cases
(1) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the
component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 120° apart,
are required under the following conditions:
(-a) When the complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film
holders, or;
(-b) When a section or sections of the circumference, where the length between the
ends of the outermost sections span 240 or more degree, is radiographed using one or
more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI
spacing.
component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, with one placed at each end of
the span of the circumference radiographed and one in the approximate center of the
span, are required under the following
Conditions:
(-a) When a section of the circumference, the length of which is greater than 120° and
less than 240° , is radiographed using just one film holder, or;
ends of the outermost sections span less than 240 °, is radiographed using more than
one film holder.
(3) In (1) and (2) above, where sections of longitudinal welds adjoining the
circumferential weld are radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld,
an additional IQI shall be placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of the section
most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed.
(4) For spherical components where the source is placed at the center of the
FOR
Rev. No. 0
(-a) When a complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film holders,
or;
(-b) When a section or sections of a circumference, where the length between the ends
of the outermost sections span 240 or more degree, is radiographed using one or more
film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI
spacing.
span, are required under the following conditions:
(-a) When a section of a circumference, the length of which is greater than 120° deg
and less than 240° , is radiographed using just one film holder, or;
of the outermost sections span less than 240° is radiographed using more than one
film holder.
(6) In (4) and (5) above, where other welds are radiographed simultaneously with the
circumferential weld, one additional IQI shall be placed on each other weld.
(7) For segments of a flat or curved (i.e., ellipsoidal, tori spherical, tori conical,
elliptical, etc.) component where the source is placed perpendicular to the center of a
length of weld for a single exposure when using more than three film holders, at least
three IQIs, one placed at each end of the radiographed span and one in the
approximate center of the span, are required.
(8) When an array of components in a circle is radiographed, at least one IQI shall
show on each component image.
(9) In order to maintain the continuity of records involving subsequent exposures, all
radiographs exhibiting IQIs that qualify the techniques permitted in accordance
With (1) through (7) above shall be retained.
7.0 Location Markers

The location markers shall be permanently marked on the radiographed when
permitted or on a map. The location markers shall be placed adjacent to the weld or on
the part as per the requirements of Fig. 1. These location markers shall appear as
radiographic images on the radiographs.
FOR
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8.0 Screens and film holders

8.1 Intensifying screens consisting of lead foil (0.1mm thick) shall be used as both front
and back of the film in direct contact with film. Screens shall be free of dirt, oxide,
coatings, wrinkles, pitting and other defects. Fluorescent screens are not under the
scope of this work instruction.
8.2 Film holders / Cassettes are of PVC double envelope type. Cassette containing
film shall be in intimate contact to the object being radiographed.
9.0 Excessive Back scatter

A lead letter “B” with a minimum dimension of 7/16” (11mm) in high and a
minimum of 1/16” (1.5mm) thickness shall be attached to the back of each film
holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the
film. If a light image of the “B” appears on a darker background of the
radiograph, back-scattered protection is insufficient and the radiograph shall be
considered unacceptable. A dark image of the lead letter “B” on a lighter
background is not cause for rejection. The lead symbol “B” shall be placed in a
location so that it would appear within an area on the radiograph that meets the
requirements of Clause no. 14 of this procedure.
10.0 Film Selection
Radiography shall be conducted with industrial radiographic film that complies with
ASTM E 1815 (or equivalent). Film shall be Type I or Type II
Film shall be selected to produce radiographs possessing acceptable sensitivity and
density, Type I & Type II films of make KODAK, AGFA, FUJI, LASER or equivalent
shall be used.
11.0 Film Identifications
11.1 Following identification markers shall be plainly or permanently indicated on
the film. This identification system does not necessarily require that the
information appear as radiographic images. In any case, this information shall not
obscure the area of interest.
11.1.1 Manufacture’s symbol or name as ‘NSCPL’
11.1.2 Job no & Unit No., if required and job identification
11.1.3 “F “ marking if film side IQI is used
11.1.4 Line Number with revision, Joint No. , thickness (on cover of film), line
class, welder no. XR no.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
11.1.5 Weld seam identification number and segment / notation number

11.1.6 Date of radiography
11.1.7 Any weld / weld segment that have been repaired shall be marked as
R1, R2 etc. for 1st and 2nd repair etc. respectively on the radiograph.
11.1.8 Subcontractor’s name or symbol
11.2 When performing radiography of circumferential seams by the ‘Panoramic’

technique, the first spot/segment shall have all the information mentioned
above. All the remaining segments shall have at least a unique radiography
number identifying the seam/joint being radiographed.
12.0 Radiation Energy and Radiation Direction
12.1 Radiation Energy:
The radiation energy employed for any radiographic technique shall achieve the
density IQI image requirement of this procedure.
12.2 Radiation Direction:
The direction of the central beam of radiation should be centered on the area of
interest whenever practical.
.
13.0 Geometric Unsharpness (Ug)
 Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with:
Where
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film
F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or
effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld
or object being radiographed
Ug = geometric unsharpness
D and d shall be determined at the approximate center of the area of interest.
 Recommended maximum values for geometric unsharpness are as follows.

FOR
Rev. No. 0
Material Thickness, in (mm) Ug Maximum, in.(mm)

Under 2 (50) 0.020 (0.51)
2 through 3 (50-75) 0.030 (0.76)
Over 3 through 4 (75-100) 0.040 (1.02)
Greater than 4 (100) 0.070 (1.78)
Note-Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based
14.0 Radiographic Density

14.1 The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of
the designated hole-type IQI adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the
essential wire of a wire-type IQI and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum
for single film viewing for radiograph made with an x-ray source and 2
minimum for radiograph made with gamma ray source. For composite
viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of composite set shall have a
minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 either single or
composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations
between densitometer readings.
14.2 The density of radiograph any where through area of interest shall not vary
by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of
the designated hole-type IQI adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-type IQI
within the minimum or maximum allowable density range, then an additional
IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph taken.
14.3 Densitometer shall be calibrated against national standard step tablet or step
wedge calibration film traceable to national standard step tablet, at a density
closest 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 & 4.0 at least every 3 months. The record of such calibration
will be documented.
14.4 The periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed at least the
beginning of the each shift, after 8 hours of continuous use or after change
operation, which comes first.
FOR
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15.0 Radiographic Technique

15.1 A single wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever
practical. When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, a double wall
technique shall be used. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to
demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained.
15.2 Single Wall Technique: In the single wall technique, the radiation passes through
only one wall of the weld (material), which is viewed for acceptance of the radiograph.
15.3 Double wall Technique: When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, one
of the following techniques shall be used:
15.3.1 Single Wall Viewing: For material and for welds in components a technique may
be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material)
on the film side wall is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. When the complete
coverage is required for circumferential welds (materials) a minimum of three
exposures taken 120 to each other shall be made.
15.3.2 Double Wall Viewing: For material and for welds in components 3 ½”(88.9 mm)
or less in nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the radiation
passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both wall is viewed for acceptance
on the same radiograph. For double wall viewing only source side IQI shall be used.
(1) DOUBLE WALL ELLIPTICAL TECHNIQUE: For welds, the radiation beam
may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the
images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so that there is no
overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete coverage is required, a
minimum of two exposures taken at 90 to each other shall be made for each joint.
(2) DOUBLE WALL SUPERIMPOSED TECHNIQUE:

As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam
positioned so that the images of both the walls are superimposed. When complete
coverage is required, a minimum of three exposures taken either at 60  or 120  to
each other shall be made for each joint.
(3) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage

cannot be obtained using the minimum number of exposures indicated in (b) (1) or
(b) (2) above.
FOR
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16.0 Processing of Radiograph

16.1 Radiographs shall be developed manually.
16.2 Processing chemicals shall be used within the manufacturer’s recommended
shelf life of product expiry date specified.
16.3 DEVELOPMENT: The normal development time 5 to 8 minutes at 68°F (20°
C). When the temperature is higher or lower, development time shall be
adjusted as per manufacture’s recommendation.
At an interval of 1 to 2 minutes, proper agitation of film is essential for even
development. During agitation, care is to be taken, so that films to be not
touch in tank wall to avoid scratches. The minimum separation between two
hangers shall be ½ inch (12.7 mm)
16.4 STOP BATH: Film shall be placed in a stop bath for 30 second before
transferring it to the fixer tank.
16.5 FIXING: Fixing time shall normally be at least twice the developing time ( not
to exceed 15 minutes in relatively fresh fixer)
16.6 REPLACEMENT OF DEVELOPER, STOP BATH AND FIXER: Developer,
Stop Bath and Fixer shall be replaced as per manufacturer’s recommendations.
16.7 Washing: Washing after developing and fixing shall be done in running water
as appropriate.
16.8 DRYING: After washing, the films shall be put to dry. A film drying cabinet
incorporating circulating heated air may be used to assist in drying.
17.0 Viewing Radiographs

17.1 Illuminator used for viewing & interpretation of radiographs shall have
sufficient illumination output and a rheostat control to provide variable light
intensity to suitably evaluate the radiographic sensitivity w.r.t. the designated
hole or wire of the hole type or wire type IQI respectively.
17.2 Viewing room may not be completely dark but can have subdued background
light of an intensity that will not create troublesome reflections, shadows or
glare on the radiograph to the evaluator.
17.3 The light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low
density portion of the radiograph shall not interfere with interpretation.
18. Quality and Evaluation of Radiographs
A. Quality of Radiographs
18.1 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to
the extent that they don’t mask and are not confused with the image of any
FOR
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discontinuity in the area of interest of the object being radiographed. Such

blemishes include but not limited to the following:
18.1.1 Fogging
18.1.2 Process defects such as streaks, watermarks or chemical stains.
18.1.3 Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears.
18.1.4 False indications due to defective screens
B. Evaluation of Radiograph
NSCPL shall be responsible for the review, interpretation, evaluation and acceptance
of the completed radiographs to assure compliance with this procedure. The
radiographic technique details and the radiograph review form documentation shall
accompany the radiographs. Acceptance shall be completed prior to presentation of
the radiographs and accompanying documentation to the Inspector.
19.0 Acceptance Standard

A.) AS per ASME SEC VIII DIV. 1, UW 51 and ASME SEC 1:
Acceptance of all welded joints to be radiographed shall be as follows
19.1 Linear Imperfections
I. Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.
II. Any elongated indication which have been length greater than:
a. ¼ in.(6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
b. 1/3 t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) 2 ½ in.(57 mm)
c. ¾ in. (19 mm) t over 2 ½ in. (57 mm)
Where‘t’ is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement.
For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t is
the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet
weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in‘t’
III. Any group of indication that have aggregate length greater than ‘t’ in a length
of 12t of film except when the distance between successive imperfections
exceeds 6L, where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.
19.2 Rounded Imperfections
19.2.1 Relevant Indications: Only those rounded indications which exceed the
following dimensions shall be considered relevant.
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a. 1/10 t for t less than 1/8 in.( 3 mm)

b. 1/64 in. for t from 1/8 in. to ¼ in. (3mm to 8 mm)
c. 1/32 in. for t greater than for ¼ in. to 2 in. (6 mm to 50 mm)
d. 1/16 in. for t greater than 2 in.(50 mm)

19.2.2 Rounded Indications Acceptance as per ASME SEC VIII Div.1, ASME
SEC1 & ASME B31.3:
19.2.3 Maximum Size of Rounded Indication - the maximum permissible size
of any indication shall be t/4 or 4 mm (5/32 in.), whichever is smaller;
except that an isolated indication separated from an adjacent indication
by 25 mm (1 in.) or more may be 1/3 t or 6 mm (1/4 in.), whichever is
less. For t greater than 50 mm (2 in.) the maximum permissible size of an
isolated indication shall be increased to 10 mm (3/8 in.).
19.2.4 Aligned Rounded Indications - aligned rounded indications are
acceptable when the summation of the diameters of the indications is less
than t in a length of 12t. The length of groups of aligned rounded
indications shall be 6mm for thickness less than 19mm, t/3 for thickness
19mm to 57mm, 19mm for thickness greater than 57mm and the spacing
between the groups shall not exceed 3 times length of the largest group
being evaluated.
19.2.5 Clustered Indications - the illustrations for clustered indications show
up to four times as many indications in a local area, as that shown in the
illustrations for random indications. The length of an acceptable cluster
shall not exceed the lesser of 25 mm (1 in.) or 2t. Where more than one
cluster is present, the sum of the lengths of the clusters shall not exceed
25 mm (1 in.) in a 150 mm (6 in.) length weld.
19.2.6 Weld Thickness t less than 3 mm (1/8 in.) - for t less than 3 mm (1/8 in.)
the maximum number of rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 150
mm (6 in.) length of weld. A proportionally fewer number of indications
shall be permitted in welds less than 150 mm (6 in.) in length.
19.2.7 The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed
in the charts of respective reference code of ASME SEC VIII Div.
1(Appendix 4)
B) As per ASME B31.3 –

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20. Examination of Repairs.

Unacceptable discontinuities shall be removed and repaired with the applicable
repair weld procedure. Repair shall be re-examined in accordance with this work
instruction.
21. Reporting System.

The radiography technique sheet shall be prepared prior to taking radiograph which
shall contain following information as a minimum:
(a) Identification of job/item/part etc.

(b) Contract & Unit No. (if applicable)
(c) Dimensional map (if used) of marker placement
(d) No. Of exposures
(e) X-ray Voltage or Type of Isotope used
(f) Source size
(g) Ci- min / mA Min
(h) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement thickness,
as applicable.
(i) Source to object distance
(j) Distance from source side of object to film
(k) Film manufacturer and manufacturer’s type / designation
(l) No. Of film in each cassette
(m) Single or double wall exposure
(n) Single or double viewing
Examination results shall be reported in Radiography Evaluation form which shall

contain following information as a minimum.
1) Listing of each radiograph location.
2) The ref. no. of technique sheet.
3) Procedure and rev. no.
4) Evaluation & disposition of the welds examined.
5) Identification of the NSCPL personnel performing final acceptance.
6) Date of evaluation
22. Safety:
1. Only certified personnel shall perform radiography.
2. Radioactive isotopes shall be stored in BARC approved pt.
3. The technician shall be responsible for compliance with safety rules
requirement applicable at NSCPL at ‘Sachin.
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Figure No.-1
LOCATION MARKERS
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Figure No.-2
SINGLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
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Figure No.-3
DOUBLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
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FOR
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NEO STRUCTO CONSTRUCTIO PVT.LTD. Tech. Sheet No.
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE SHEET Date
Equipment No/Job No: W.O. No. Client Stage of Exam

Before/After PWHT
Inspection by Base Material Base Mat. Thickness
Procedure No.: Rev. No.:
Weld Thickness : mm Reinforcement: mm

Applicable Code/Standard Seam No. Part No. Spot No.
X-Ray / Gamma Ray Radioisotope:

KVp : FOD : mm
SKETCH
SOFD : mm
SOD : mm
Effective Focal Spot / Size of source: mm

Exposure time: mA-mnts/ Ci – mnts
Intensifying Screen: Lead
IQI : Hole Type/Wire Type
Front: mm Back: mm
IQI Source side/ Film side IQI No: ASTM
Shim thk: mm
Film:(Class / Brand & Designation) Film size: inches
No. of Exposures: No. of Radiographs:
Film viewing: Single / Composite
Exposure: Single wall / Double wall
No. of walls to be viewed : Single / Double
No. of films per film holder: One / Two
Location Marker: Source side / Film side
Location Marker Map: Required / Not required
Placement of Back Scatter “B” on back of Cassette: Kept / Not Kept Densitometer Verified : Yes / No
Developing Time : ____________________________ Temp ________________________

Prepared by Level II Approved by Level II/ III Accepted by
Sign & Date: Sign & Date: Sign & Date:
Name : Name : Name :

SOFD: Distance from Source side of object to the film.
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FOR
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PROCEDURE FOR PENETRANT EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-PT-02
CONTENTS
Sr. No Description Page No.
1 Scope 29
4 Chemical Used 29
6 Pre Cleaning 30
7 Temperature Limit 30
8 Drying After Preparation 30
9 Application of Penetrant 30
10 Penetrant Dwell Time 31
11 Removal of Excess Penetrant 31
12 Drying after Excess Penetrant Removal 31
13 Application of Developer 32
14 Interpretation 32
15 Evaluation 32
16 Repair & Re-examination 33
17 Post Examination Cleaning 34
18 Performance Demonstration 34
19 Safety 34
20 Reports 34
21 Annexure –I Essential & Non-Essential Variable 35
22 Annexure -II 36
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1. SCOPE :
This procedure out lines liquid penetrant examination by solvent removable method
using visible dye penetrant for purpose of detection of surface discontinuities which are
open to surface on weldment and non- porous materials and materials of CS, Low alloy
steel, SS in plate tubular and forging form of any shape and size.
2. REFEERENC:
 ASME Section V, Article-6. Ed.: 2019
 ASME Code Section VIII Division 1, Ed.: 2019
 ASME Code Section B31.3 Ed.: 2018
 SNT-TC-1A Ed: 2016
 B224-00-000-19-41-1002 Rev.0 Digital Radiography Requirement.
3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION:
Personnel employed for carrying out examination shall be qualified to certified penetrant
operator, NDE-Level I /II & the personnel employed for interpretation / evaluation shall
be qualified to NDE Level II as per SNT-TC -1A.
4. CHEMICAL USED:
Manufacturer Penetrant Cleaner Developer

Magnaflux
P-MET
4.1 Inter mixing of penetrant from different manufactures is prohibited.

4.2 When examination nickel base alloys, all penetrant materials shall be analyzed
individually for sulpher contents. The sulpher content shall not exceed 0.1% by
weight.
4.3 When examining austenitic or duplex stainless steel and titanium, all penetrant
materials shall be analyzed individually titanium, all penetrant materials shall
be analyzed individually for halogens content. The total halogens content shall
not exceed 0.1 by weight.
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4.4 The certificate shall include penetrant manufacturer’s batch no. and test results
obtained in accordance with Appendix II of Article-6, ASME Sec-V. Records of
these certificates shall be maintained
5. SURFACE PREPARATION:
I. Prior to each liquid penetrant examination, the surface to be examined and all
adjacent areas within at least 25 mm shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease,
lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, paint, oil and other extraneous matter
that could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with the
examination
II. In general, as welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged condition is acceptable
unless weld irregularities are present that could mask indications due to
discontinuities or otherwise interfere with the effectiveness of the examination,
in which case grinding/wire/wire brushing shall be used.
6. PRE-CLEANING
The examination area shall be thoroughly cleaned with cleaner and then wiped with lint-
free material. The surface shall be allowed to dry by normal evaporation for minimum 2
minutes and maximum time after pre-cleaning shall be 60 minutes. Adequate care shall be
taken to ensure proper surface condition prior to examination.
7. TEMPERATURE
The temperature and temperature-variation of test surface and penetrant shall not be
below 40F (5C) and more than 125F (52 C). If testing is to be done outside this range,
both penetrant material manufacturers acceptance & procedure demonstration is
required.
8. DRYING AFTER PREPARATION

After cleaning, drying of the surface to be examined shall be accomplished by normal
evaporation. A minimum period shall be established to ensure that the cleaning solution
has evaporated prior to application of the penetrant. Minimum 2 minutes drying time
shall be kept.
9. APPLICATION OF PENETRANT
The penetrant shall be applied either by brushing or spraying by can over the area to be
examined.
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10. PENETRATION (DWELL) TIME

Penetration (Dwell) time is critical. The minimum penetration dwell time shall be as
required in Table-1. The maximum dwell time shall not exceed 2 hrs. or as qualified by
demonstration for specific applications. For this procedure, it shall not exceed 25
minutes. Regardless of the length of the dwell time, the penetrant shall not be allowed
to be dry. If for any reason the penetrant does dry, the examination procedure shall be
repeated, beginning with a cleaning of the examination procedure.
Table-1: Minimum Dwell Times
Dwell-Times (Note-1)
Materials Form
(Minutes)
Castings and Welds.
Aluminum, Magnesium 5
,Steel, Brass and Bronze,
Wrought Materials:-
Titanium and High
Extrusions, Forging
Temperature Alloys 10
and Plate
Note:
1. For temperature range from 50 F to 125F (10 C to 52C). For temperature
from 40 F to 50F (5 C to 10C), minimum penetrant dwell time shall be 2
times the value listed.
11. REMOVAL OF EXCESS PENETRANT

After the specified penetration (dwell) time has elapsed, any penetrant remaining on
the surface shall be wiped with a clean, dry, lint-free cloth or absorbent paper, repeating
the operation until most traces of penetrant have been removed. The remaining traces
shall be removed by wiping the surface with cloth or absorbent paper, lightly
moistened with solvent. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities, care
shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent.
Flushing the surface with the solvent, following the application of the penetrant and
prior to developing, is prohibited
12. DRYING AFTER EXCESS PENETRANT REMOVAL

After excess penetrant removable, the surface may be dried by normal evaporation
(Refer Table -2)
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13. APPLICATION OF DEVELOPER (Refer as per Table 2)

13.1 Non-aqueous developer shall be applied as soon as possible after penetrant
removal and the surface becomes dry. The time-interval shall not exceed 15
minutes.
13.2 Prior to application, the developer shall be thoroughly agitated to ensure
adequate dispersion of suspended particles.
13.3 A developer shall be applied by spraying to give a thin, uniform coat.
13.4 Minimum 10 minutes of developing time shall be given before interpretation.
Developing time start as soon as the developer coating becomes dry. The
developing time shall be 10 minutes minimum to 60 minutes maximum.
14. INTERPRETATION
14.1 Final interpretation shall be made within 10 to 60 minutes after developer
coating is dry. If the surface to be examined is large enough to preclude
complete examination within the prescribed time, the examination shall be
performed in increments.
14.2 Close observation of the formation of indication (s )during application of
developer may assist in characterizing and determining the extent of indication
(s )
14.3 Surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed-out of the penetrant, which is
normally a deep red colour that stains the developer. Indication with a light
pink colour may indicate excessive cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave an
excessive background making interpretation difficult.
14.4 Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination surface
is required for the evaluation of indications. The minimum light intensity shall
be 100 fc (1076 lx). The light intensity, natural or supplemental white light
source, shall be measured with a white light meter prior to the evaluation of
indications or a verified light source shall be used. Verification of light sources
is required to be demonstrated only one time, documented and maintained on
file.
14.5 Light intensity of 1076 lx shall be obtained from a 23W/220V LED lamp kept at
30 cms from the surface.
15. EVALUATION
a. All indication shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the
referring Code Section.
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b. Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed-out of penetrant;

however, localized surface irregularities due to machining marks or other
surface conditions may produce false indications.
c. Broad areas of pigmentation, which could mask indications of discontinuities,

are unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and reexamined.
15.1 EVALUATION OF INDICATION
An indication is the evidence of mechanical imperfection. Only indications with

major dimensions greater than 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) shall be consider relevant.
a. A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
b. A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal
to or less than three times the width.
c. Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine

whether or they are relevant
15.2 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD

As per ASME SECTION VIII Division 1
These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are
specified for specific materials or applications within ASME SEC VIII Division 1
All surfaces to be examined shall be free from:
a. Relevant linear indications

b. Relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in. (5 mm);
c. Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (1.5
mm) or less (edge to edge)
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes

it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.
All repaired area shall be re-examined by the same procedure as used for the
original detection of the discontinuity.
16. REPAIR & REEXAMINATION

i. Treatment Of Indications Believed Nonrelevant:
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Any indication, which is believed to be non-relevant, shall be regarded as an

imperfection unless it is shown by re-examination by the same method or by the
use of other nondestructive methods and/or by surface condition the no
unacceptable imperfection is present.
ii. Examination of Areas which defects have been removed:

After a defect is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs,
the area shall be examined by suitable methods to ensure that it has been
removed or reduced to an acceptably sized imperfection.
iii. Reexamination of repair areas:

After repairs have been made, the repaired area shall be blended into the
surrounding surfaces to avoid sharp notches, crevices or corners and reexamined
by the same procedure to ensure removal of complete defect.
If welding is required, the repaired area shall be examined by all NDE, which is
there originally, except that when the depth of repair is less than radiography
sensitivity required, radiography may be omitted.
17. POST EXAMINATION CLEANING

After examination is completed, the area shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove all
developer from the surface.
18. PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION

Performance demonstration shall be carried out and documented as desired only when
the applicable code/Customer specification demand such demonstration.
19. SAFETY
Personnel involved in examination shall take precautions because of toxic and
inflammable nature of chemicals used. Care shall be taken so that these chemicals do
not come in prolong contact with skin.
20. REPORT
Liquid penetrant examination report shall be as per QCS Manual Exhibit No: ND-
O1Rev-0 attached herewith.
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APPENDIX – I - ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
SL. NON CLAUSE

REQUIREMENT ESSENTIAL
NO. ESSENTIAL NO.
Identification of any change in type or family
1 group of penetrant materials including X ---- 4.0
developers, emulsifiers, etc.
Surface preparation (finishing and cleaning,
2 X ---- 5.0
including type of cleaning solvent)
3 Method of applying penetrant X ---- 9.0
4 Method of removing excess surface penetrant X ---- 11.0

Hydrophilic or lipophilic emulsifier
5 concentration and dwell time in dip tanks and X ---- NA
agitation time for hydrolic emulsifiers
Hydrophilic emulsifier concentration in spray
6 X ---- NA
applications
7 Method of applying developer X ---- 13.0
Minimum and maximum time periods Refer
8 X ----
between steps and drying aids Table-2
9 Decrease in penetrant dwell time X ---- 10.0
Increase in developer dwell time
10 X ---- 14.0
(Interpretation Time)
11 Minimum light intensity X ---- 14.0
Surface temperature outside 40 to 125 F (5
12 X ---- 7.0
to 52 C) or as previously qualified
13 Performance demonstration, when required X ---- 18.0
14 Personnel qualification requirements ---- X 3.0

Materials, shapes, or sizes to be examined and
15 ---- X 1.0
the extent of examination
16 Post-examination cleaning technique ---- X 17.0
NOTE:
1. Any change in above described Essential Variable would require re-demonstration
of NDE Procedures.
2. Any change in Non-Essential Variables may be addressed by incorporating
required change and revising existing procedure without Re Demonstration.
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APPENDIX – II
TABLE-2
Minimum and Maximum Time Limits for Steps in Penetrant Examination procedure
PROCEDURE STEP MINIMUM MAXIMUM

Drying after preparation 2 Minutes ----
Penetrant dwell time 5 Minutes 25 Minutes
Penetrant removal solvent
---- ----
removal
Drying after penetrant
removal 2 Minutes 15 Minutes
Solvent removal penetrant
Developer Application ---- 15 Minutes
Developing and interpretation
10 Minutes 60 Minutes
time
FOR
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PROCEDURE FOR MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-MPT-03
CONTENTS
Sr. No Description Page No.
1 Scope 39
2 References 39
4 Examination Medium 39
5 Equipment 39
6 Surface Cleaning 40
7 Magnetic Particle 40
8 Examination Procedure 40
9 Evaluation of Indication 41
10 Acceptance Criteria 41
11 Treatment of Indication Believed Non Relevant 41
12 Examination of area from which Imperfections have 41
been Removed
13 Re-examination of Repairs areas 41
15 Procedure Re-qualification 43
16 Demagnetization 43
17 Records 43
18 Safety 43
19 Annexure I( Essential & Non-Essential Variables 44
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1.0 SCOPE
This procedure shall be applied for performing Magnetic Particle Examination to
detect cracks and other discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic
materials, like Carbon steel, Low alloy steel in the form of Welds, Plate, Pipes,
Forged or Extruded items using yoke and continuous method.
2.0 REFERENCES
 ASME Sec-V, Article 7, Ed:2019
 ASME Sec-VIII Div-1, Ed:2019
 ASME B 31.3 Ed: 2018
 SNT-TC-1A Ed : 2016
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

Magnetic particle examination shall be performed, interpreted and evaluated by
NDE personnel qualified to Level- I/ Level-II in this method as per SNT-TC-1A
4.0 EXAMINATION MEDIUM

Magnetic particle examination shall be carried out by using wet or dry visible, color
contrast magnetic particles of mix shape.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
The Magnetizing power of yokes shall be verified prior to use each day the yoke is
used. The Magnetizing power of yokes shall be verified whenever the yoke has
been damaged or repaired.
Electromagnetic yoke make Magnaflux or equivalents which are calibrated for
lifting:
4.5 Kg (10 lbs) weight AC Yoke Technique at maximum pole spacing, with contact
similar to what will be used during the examination.
Or 18 Kg (40 lb) weight DC Yoke Technique at maximum pole spacing, with contact
similar to what will be used during the examination.
Shall be considered suitable equipment in applicable AC DC mode and pole
spacing.
Magnetic Field Adequacy:
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Adequacy of magnetic field shall be verified by using Pie Shaped Magnetic Particle
Field Indicator. Pie indicator shall be positioned on the surface to be examined,
such that the copper plated side is away from the inspected surface. A suitable field
strength is indicated when a clearly defined line (or lines) of magnetic particles
form(s) across the copper face of the indicator when the magnetic particles are
applied simultaneously with the magnetizing force. When a clearly defined line of
particles is not formed, the magnetizing technique shall be changed as needed.
6.0 SURFACE CLEANING

Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surfaces are in the as-welded, as-
rolled, as-cast, as-machined or as-forged conditions.
However, surface preparation by grinding or machining may be necessary where
surface irregularities could mask indications due to discontinuities.
Surface to be examined and adjacent areas within 25 mm (1") shall be free from dirt,
grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, paint, oil or any other extraneous
matter that would interfere with the test.
Mechanical means like Chiseling, wire brushing & grinding shall be used for
removing of spatters, rust, sand and scales. Paint shall be removed by wire-
wheeling, grinding or buffing.
Chemical means like Cleaner, Water or vapor degreasing shall be used for removal
of oil & grease is permitted in chemical surface cleaning methods.
Nonmagnetic surface contrast may be applied to uncoated surface to enhance the
particle contrast. Thickness measurement of the nonmagnetic surface contrast
enhancement is not required.
7.0 MAGNETIC PARTICLE

Wet particles may be used as the examination medium. The material with water
conditioner as specified below should be used for the test. Concentration of wet
medium as measured in pear-shaped centrifuge tube shall be 1.2 to 2.4ml. In 100ml.
bath sample unless otherwise specified by the particle manufacturer. Concentration
checks shall be made at least every eight hours.
In wet particle method, the concentration shall be agitated well before use. The
particle size to be used in the examination should be as specified by the
manufacturer. No segregation /sizing of the particles is permitted.
8.0 EAMINATION PROCEDURE

FOR
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i. MAGNETIZING TECHNIQUE/YOKE TECHNIQUE

For this technique, alternating current electromagnetic yokes shall be used.
Magnetize the area to be examined by using the magnetic yoke. Leg spacing of the
yoke shall not exceed 200mm (8"). Leg spacing of less than 75mm (3") shall be
prohibited. Minimum overlap of 10% shall be provided to ensure 100% area
coverage in minimum two directions approximately perpendicular to each other.
ii. MAGNETIC CURRENT TYPE
Magnetic current shall be AC only.
iii. METHOD OF APPLYING PARTICLE
Wet particle may be applied by either by spraying or flowing over the area to
be examined during the application of the magnetizing field current.
iv. METHOD OF REMOVING EXCESS PARTICLE
Not applicable for wet particle examination
v. MINIMUM LIGHT INTENSITY
The minimum light intensity of the inspection surface shall be 1076 Lux at the
time of evaluation of indication. This can be obtained by using100W lamp
kept at 30 cm from the surface. The light intensity, natural or supplemental
white light source, shall be measured with a white light meter prior to
evaluation of the indications or verified light source shall be used.
Light meter shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever meter has
been repaired. If meter has not been in use of one year or more, calibration
shall be done before being used.
vi. SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Examination part surface temperature shall not exceed 50°C. Particle shall be
used within the temperature range limitation set by the manufacture of the
particle.
9.0 EVALUATION OF INDIACATION

Indication will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All such indications
are not necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive surface roughness,
FOR
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magnetic permeability variations (such as the edge of heat affected zones), etc. may
produce similar indications.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it;
however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only
indications which have any dimension greater than 1 /16 in. (1.5 mm) shall
considered relevant.
d. A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
e. A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to
or less than three times its width.
10.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
10.1 As per ASME SEC VIII DIV.1 & ASME B 31.3
These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are
specified for specific materials or applications within ASME SEC VIII Div. 1 &
ASME B 31.3
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
(a) Relevant linear indications;
(b) Relevant rounded indications greater than 3 /16 in. (5 mm);
(c) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1 /16 in. (1.5
mm) or less, edge to edge.
11.0 TREATMENT OF INDICATION BELIEVED NON RELEVANT

Any indication, which is believed to be non-relevant, shall be regarded as
imperfection unless it is shown by reexamination by the same method or by the use
of other nondestructive methods and/or by surface conditioning that no
unacceptable imperfection is present
12.0 EXAMINATION OF AREA FROM WHICH IMPERFECTIONS HAVE BEEN

REMOVED
After a defect is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs,
the area shall be examined by suitable methods to ensure it has been removed or
reduced to an acceptably sized imperfection
13.0 RE-EXAMINATION OF REPAIR AREAS

After repairs have been made, the repaired area shall be blended into the
surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices corners and re-examined
FOR
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by magnetic particle method and by all other approved methods that were
originally required for the affected area, except that, when the depth of the repair is
less than the radiographic sensitivity required, radiography may be omitted.
14.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING

Post examination cleaning shall be carried out as soon as possible, either by
blowing compressed air or by brushing the surface with wire brush.
15.0 PROCEDURE RE-QUALIFICATION

If there is a change in value of any of the essential variables specified in Appendix-I,
procedure shall require re-qualification by demonstration.
16.0 DEMAGNETIZATION
Demagnetization is required only if specified in purchase order, drawings or
specification. This shall be performed with AC yoke, by placing the poles on
surface, moving them around the area and slowly withdrawing the yoke while it is
still energized. After demagnetization, residual magnetic field should not exceed
240 A/m anywhere in the piece absolute value, unless otherwise agreed upon with
purchaser.
17.0 RECORDS
The results of magnetic particle examination shall be recorded on the magnetic
particle examination report shown as per QCS Manual Exhibit No: ND-04 Rev-0.
18.0 SAFETY
Care shall be taken to ensure that the cables and connections etc. are not loose and
coil of the yoke is not getting overheated. Due care should be taken in handling
kerosene based particle medium to avoid risk of fire.
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APPENDIX – I - ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
SL. NON CLAUSE

NO. ESSENTIAL NO
1 Magnetizing technique X --- 8.0
Magnetizing current type or
amperage outside range specified
2 X --- 8.0
by this Article or as previously
qualified
3 Surface preparation X --- 6.0
Magnetic particles
4 (fluorescent/visible, color, particle X --- 7.0
size, wet/dry)
5 Magnetic particle application X --- 8.0
6 Method of excess particle removal X --- 8.0
7 Minimum light intensity X --- 8.0
Nonmagnetic surface contrast
8 X --- 6.0
enhancement, when utilized
Performance demonstration, when
9 X --- 15.0
required
Examination part surface
temperature outside of the
10 temperature range recommended X --- 8.0
by the manufacturer of the
particles or as previously qualified
Shape or size of the examination
11 --- X 17.0
object
12 Equipment of the same type --- X 5.0
Temperature (within those
13 specified by manufacturer or as --- X 8.0
previously qualified)
14 Demagnetizing technique --- X 16.0
15 Post-examination cleaning technique --- X 14.0
16 Personnel qualification requirements --- X 2.0
NOTE:
3. Any change in above described Essential Variable would require Re Demonstration of NDE Procedures.
4. Any change in Non Essential Variables may be addressed by incorporating required change and revising existing
procedure without Re Demonstration.
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PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-UT-04
CONTENTS
Sr.No Description Page No
1 Scope 47
2 Reference 47
4 Application 47
5 Equipment 47
6 Search Unit 49
7 Couplant 49
8 Basic Calibration Block 49
9 Identification of weld examination area 50
11 General Calibration Requirements 51
12 System Calibration for Distance Amplitude 51
13 Calibration Conformation 52
14 Examination 52
15 Technique 53
16 Evaluation 54
19 Procedure Re-qualification 55
20 Report of the Examination 55
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1.0 SCOPE
This procedure shall be applicable for Examination of butt weld and base plate by
Ultrasonic method. RT shall be preferred first; UT may be used if RT is difficult to
perform.
2.0 REFERENCE:
 ASME Section V. ED: 2019

 ASME B 31.3, ED: 2018
 ASME Section VIII Division-1, ED: 2019
 SNT TC 1A ,ED: 2016
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
The personnel employed for conducting the examinations shall be qualified to Level –
II according to SNT-TC 1A.
Interpretation of the results of ultrasonic test examination shall be performed by either
Level II or Level III individuals qualified and certified as per SNT-TC-1A.
4.0 APPLICATION
4.1 The principle objective of this procedure and technique described herein is the detection,
location and evaluation of discontinuities within weld, heat affected zone and also in the
adjacent base material.
4.2 The weld shall be examined by angle beam method decide the exact job. All welds shall
be examined from both the sides of weld from an outer surface decide the exact
combination of surfaces so that full volume of the weld is covered.
4.3 Where geometry of the assembly does not allow examination from both sides, then any
of the following alternatives may be used:
Combination of angle beam (mode of wave propagation in material -shear wave)
and straight beam, (mode of wave propagation in material-longitudinal wave)
5.0 EQUIPMENT
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5.1 A pulse echo type of ultrasonic instrument shall be used. The instrument shall be
capable of operation at frequencies over the range of at least 1 MHz to 5 MHz and shall
be equipped with a stepped gain control in units of 2.0dB or less.
5.2 If instrument has a damping control, it may be used if it does not reduce the sensitivity
of the examination. The reject control shall be in the ‘off’ position for all examinations,
unless it can be demonstrated that it does not affect the linearity of the examination.
5.3 Linearity Checking:
5.3.1 Analog Equipment: The requirements of screen height linearity & amplitude
control linearity shall be checked at intervals not to exceeding three months; if
equipment is not in use for3 months then it shall be checked before use and
record shall be maintained.
5.3.2 Digital Equipment: The requirement of screen height linearity & amplitude
control linearity shall be checked at intervals not to exceeding one year; if
equipment is not in use for one year then it shall be checked before use and
record shall be maintained.
5.3.3 The ultrasonic instrument’s screen height linearity shall be evaluated in
accordance with mandatory Appendix I of ASME Sec V Article 4.The ultrasonic
instrument shall provide linear vertical presentation within ±5 of the full screen
height for at least (larger indication is set) 80% of the calibrated screen
height(base line to maximum calibrated screen point(s)
5.3.4 The ultrasonic instrument’s amplitude control linearity shall be evaluated in
accordance with mandatory Appendix II, of ASME Sec V Article 4.
The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an amplitude control, adjust the
sensitivity (gain) as per given table. The indication shall fall within the specified
limit. The setting and reading must be of 1% full screen.
INDICATION LIMITS %
INDICATION
a SET AT % dB CONTROL
OF FULL SCREEN
cOF FULL SCREEN CHANGE
HEIGHT
c 80 -6dB 35 to 45
u
80 -12dB 15 to 25
r
40 +6dB 65 to 95
a
20 +12dB 65 to 95
5.3.5 T
he horizontal linearity of the test instrument shall be qualified over the full
sound path distance to be used. The horizontal linearity of the test
instrument shall be requalified at two month intervals in each of the distance
ranges that the instrument will be used.
The horizontal sweep shall be adjusted for distance calibration to present the
equivalent of at least two plate thicknesses on the display.
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The sensivity shall be adjusted at a location free of indications so that the

first backwall reflection from the far side of the plate will be 50% to 75% of
full screen height.
6.0 SEARCH UNIT
6.1 Search unit (transducer) consists of piezoelectric crystals in combination with

wearing surface or shoe shall be used. Both straight beam and angle beam
search units are used for testing and may contain either single or twin crystals
as one dedicated to transmit and the other to receive.
6.2 Single crystal or dual-crystal ( shall be 10mm and 25 mm diameter respectively
for straight beam and 8x9mm for angle beam) search unit containing both
transmitting and receiving crystal with frequency of 1 to 5 MHz shall be used
when examining the parent metal.
6.3 Each weld shall be examined with at least two different probe 60 & 70°angles of
operating frequencies between 1 to 5 MHz.
6.4 The selection of probe angle shall dependent on the weld geometry and the
judgment of the operator, but shall be in accordance with the scanning
technique employed
6.5 Measurements of beam spread for scan indexing shall be taken only when
required by referencing code section.
6.6 Measurements of angle beam search units shall be performed once for a search
unit wedge combination in the calculated far field at the beginning of each
period of extended use. A technique for beam spread shall be in accordance
with ASME SEC V Article 4 & 5
6.7 make of search unit shall be same as equipment or shall be compatible
7.0 COUPLANT
7.1 Starch which permits satisfactory transmission of Ultrasonic Waves shall be used as
couplant However, same couplant shall be used for calibration as well as testing.
7.1 Couplants used on nickel base alloys shall not contain more than 250 PPM of sulfur.
7.2 Couplants used on austenitic stainless steel or titanium shall not contain more than 250
PPM of halides (Chlorides plus Fluorides).
8.0 BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK
8.1 Reflectors: Known reflectors shall be selected as per job requirement i.e. weld or
material velocity (i.e., side drilled holes, flat bottom holes, notches etc.) shall be used to
establish primary reference, responses of the equipment.
8.2 Material: The material from which the block is fabricated shall be of the same product
form, same material specification or equivalent P Number grouping (heat treatment
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shall be same material) as one of the materials being examined. For the purposes of this
procedure P Nos. 1, 3, 4 & 5 materials are considered equivalent.
8.3 Quality: Prior to fabrication, the block material shall be completely examined with a
straight beam search unit. Areas that contain an indication exceeding the remaining
back wall reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths required reach various
calibration reflectors.
8.4 Surface Finish: The finish on the scanning surfaces of the block shall be representative
of the scanning surface finishes on the component to be examined.
8.5 Calibration Block:
Annexure1 (shall be as per actual requirement) shows block configuration with
hole size and location each weld thickness on the component must be
represented by a block having a thickness relative to the component weld.
Where the block thickness is ±1 inch (25mm) spans two of the weld thickness
range shown in the figure, the block’s use shall be acceptable in those portion of
each thickness range covered by 1 inch (25mm).The hole diameter shall be in
accordance with the thickness of the block. Where two or more base material
thickness is involved, the calibration block thickness shall be sufficient to
contain the entire examination beam path. The hole shall be drilled to a depth of
1-1/2 Inch (38mm) minimum but where possible the depth shall be 2 inches
(51mm)
8.6 Alternative blocks: Existing calibration blocks may be used for similar types of
examination provided the sound path distance(s) to the block’s reflector(s) is(are) within
¼ in. (6mm) of what is required and the side-drilled hole(s) is(are) the same or a smaller
diameter than what is required
9.0 IDENTIFICATION OF WELD EXAMINATION AREAS:
9.1 Weld Locations: Weld locations and their identification shall be recorded on a weld
map or in an identification plan.
9.2 Marking: If welds are to be permanently marked, low stress stamps may be used.
Markings applied after final stress relief of the component shall not be deeper than 3/64
in. (1.2mm).
9.3 Reference System: Each weld shall be located and identified by a system of reference
points. The system shall permit identification of each weld center line and designation
of regular intervals along the length of the weld.
10.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
10.1 Base Metal: The base metal on each side of weld shall be free of weld spatters, surface
irregularities, or foreign matters that might interfere with the examination.
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10.2 Weld Metal: Where the weld metal interferes with the examination, the weld shall be
prepared as needed to permit the Ultrasonic Examination.
11.0 GENERAL CALIBRATION REQUIERMENTS
11.1 Ultrasonic system: Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic system and shall be
performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under examination.
Calibrations shall be performed from the surface corresponding to the surface of the
component from which examination will be performed.
11.2 Examination shall be performed with same couplant, same contact wedges, and same
instrument controls which affects the linearity, used for calibrations. The temperature
differential between the calibration block and examination surface shall be within 14 deg
C.
11.3 Calibration surface: Calibrations shall be performed from the surface (clad or unclad;
convex or concave) corresponding to the surface of the component from which the
examination will be performed.
12.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION FOR DISTANCE AMPLITUDE TECHNIQUES
12.1 Calibration blocks: Calibrations shall be performed using the standard calibration
block e.g. IIW V1/V2 shall be used
12.2 Technique:
12.2.1 The angle beam shall be directed towards the calibration reflector that yields
maximum response in area of interest.
12.2.2 Adjust the sensitivity control to provide an 80% ± 5% of FSH echo from the hole.
Mark the peak indication on the screen.
12.2.3 Without changing gain control, manipulate the search unit for maximum
response from other calibration reflectors at their beam paths to generate the
distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve.
12.2.4 These calibrations shall establish both the distance range calibration and the
distance amplitude correction.
12.3 Angle beam calibration:
12.3.1 As applicable, calibration shall provide the following information.
(a) Distance range calibration
(b) Distance amplitude correction in area of interest
(c) Echo amplitude measurement from the surface notch in the basic
calibration block.
12.3.2 When an electronic distance-amplitude correction device is used, the primary
reference responses from the basic calibration block shall be equalized over the
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distance range to be employed in the examination. The response equalization

line shall be at a screen height of 40% to 80% of full screen height
12.4 Straight beam calibration:
12.4.1 As applicable, calibration shall provide the following information.
(a) Distance range calibration
(b) Distance amplitude correction in area of interest
12.4.2 When an electronic distance-amplitude correction device is used, the primary
reference responses from the basic calibration block shall be equalized over the
distance range to be employed in the examination. The response equalization
line shall be at a screen height of 40% to 80% of full screen height.
13.0 CALIBRATION CONFIRMATION
13.1 System Changes: When any part of the examination system is changed, a calibration
check shall be made on the basic calibration block to verify that distance range points
and sensitivity settings satisfy the requirement of clauses 13.3 & 13.4
13.2 Periodic Examination Checks: A calibration check on at least one of the basic reflectors
in the basic calibration block or a check using a simulator shall be made at the finish of
each examination or series of similar examinations, and when examination personnel
are changed. Distance range points and sensitivity settings shall satisfy the requirements
of 13.3 & 13.4
13.3 Distance Range Points: If any distance range point has moved on the sweep line by
more than 10% of the distance reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever is grater, correct
the distance range calibration and note the correction in the examination record. All
recorded indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be re–
examined and their values shall be changed on the data sheets or re–recorded.
13.4 Sensitivity Settings: If any sensitivity setting has changed by more than 20% or 2dB of
its amplitude, correct the sensitivity calibration and note the correction in the
examination record. If the sensitivity setting has decreased, all data sheets since the last
valid calibration check shall be marked void and the area covered by the voided data
shall be re–examined. If the sensitivity setting has increased, all recorded indications
since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be re–examined and their values
shall be changed on the data sheets or re–recorded.
14.0 EXAMINATION
14.1 Scanning of the adjacent base metal by normal beam shall be performed to detect
reflectors that might affect interpretation of angle beam results and is not to be used for
acceptance or rejection of weld. Location and areas of such reflectors shall be recorded.
14.2 Examination Coverage: The volume to be scanned shall be examined by moving the
search unit over the scanning surface so as to scan the entire examination volume for
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each required search unit. Each pass of the search unit shall overlap a minimum of 10%
of the active transducer dimension (piezoelectric element) parallel to the direction of
scan indexing.
14.3 Oscillation of the search unit is permitted if it can be demonstrated that overlapping
coverage is provided. The rate of search unit movement shall not exceed 150mm/s
(6in/s).
14.4 Scanning Sensitivity Level: Distance amplitude technique the scanning sensitivity level
shall be set a minimum of 6dB higher than the reference level gain setting. The gain shall
be increased to the extent that no calibration reflector indications are less than 40%FSH.
15.0 TECHNIQUE:
15.1 Weld Joint Distance Amplitude Technique: When the referencing Code section
specifies a distance amplitude technique, weld joints shall be scanned with an angle
beam search unit in both parallel and transverse directions (4 scans) to the weld axis.
Before performing the angle beam examinations, a straight beam examination shall be
performed on the volume of base material through which the angle beams will travel to
locate any reflectors that can limit the ability of the angle beam to examine the weld
volume.
15.1.1 Angle Beam Technique
(a). Beam Angle: The search unit and beam angle selected shall be 45 degree or
an angle appropriate for the configuration being examined and shall be
capable of detecting the calibration reflectors, over the required angle beam
path.
(b). Reflectors Parallel to the Weld Seam: The angle beam shall be directed
at approximate right angle to the weld axis from both sides of the weld
on the same surface when possible. The search unit shall be manipulated
so that the ultrasonic energy passes through the required volume of weld
and adjacent base material.
(c). Reflectors Transverse to the Weld Seam: The angle beam shall be
directed essentially parallel to the weld axis. The search unit shall be
manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passes through the required
volume of weld and adjacent base material. The search unit shall be rotated
180° and the examination repeated. If the weld cap is not machined or
ground flat, the examination shall be performed from base metal on both
side of the weld cap in both weld axis directions
(d). Restricted Access Welds: Welds that cannot be fully examined from two
directions using the angle beam technique (e.g., Corner and Tee joints)
shall also be examined, if possible, with a straight beam technique. These
areas of restricted access shall be noted in the examination report.
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(e). Inaccessible Welds: Welds that cannot be examined from at least one side
(edge) using the angle beam technique shall be noted in the examination
report.
15.1.2 Straight Beam Technique:
Whenever Straight Beam examination is part of the weld testing the scanning
shall be performed at a gain setting of at least two times the primary reference
level. Evaluation shall be performed at primary levels.
15.1.3 Discontinuity sizing shall be done as per 6dB drop method.
16.0 EVALUATION:
16.1 Evaluation of indication due to geometrical origin shall be done as follows:

16.1.1 Interpret the area containing the reflector in accordance with the applicable
examination procedure. If indication is near surface damp the area with couplant
16.1.2 Plot and verify the reflector coordinates. Prepare a cross-sectional sketch showing
the reflector position and surface discontinuities such as root and counter bore.
16.1.3 Review Fabrication or weld preparation drawings. Other ultrasonic techniques or
non destructive examination methods may be helpful in determining a reflector’s
true position, size and orientation.
16.1.4 The identity, maximum amplitude, locations and extent of reflector causing a
geometric indication shall be recorded.
16.2 Evaluation of indication other than geometrical origin shall be as follows:

16.2.1 Any imperfection that causes an indication in excess of 20% of DAC shall be
investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in terms of acceptance or
rejection criteria given in the reference code which is stated below.
16.3 Recordable Indication: All reflectors from uncorrected areas having responses that
exceed 50% of reference level shall be recorded. This record shall locate each area, the
response level, the dimension, the depth below the surface & classifications.
16.4 Evaluation Level:
16.2.2 Distance Amplitude Techniques: All indications greater than 20% of the reference
level shall be investigated to the extent that they can be evaluated in terms of the
acceptance criteria of the referencing Code Section.
16.2.3 Non Distance Amplitude Techniques: All indications longer than 40% of the
rejectable flaw size shall be investigated to the extent that they can be evaluated
in terms of the acceptance criteria of the referencing Code Section
16.2.4 Evaluation of Laminar Reflectors: Reflectors evaluated as laminar reflector in the
base material which interfere with the scanning of examination volumes shall
require the angle beam examination technique to be modified such that the
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maximum feasible volume is examined, and shall be noted in the record of the
examination .
16.2.5 Alternative Evaluations: Reflector dimensions exceeding the referencing Code
Section requirements may be evaluated to any alternative standards provided by
the referencing Code Section.
17.0 A. ACCEPTANCE / REJECTION STANDARD:
17.1 Following acceptance criteria meets the requirement of ASME Sec VIII. Div. 1
Appendix-12:Discontinuities are unacceptable if the amplitude exceeds the
reference level and have a length which exceeds the following:
a) 6mm for T up to 19 mm
b) 1/3 T for T from 19mm to 57mm
c) 19mm for T over 57mm
Where T is the thickness (excluding any allowable reinforcement) of the weld
being examined. If the weld joins two members having different thickness at
the weld, T is the thinner of the two thicknesses.
17.2Where discontinuities are interpreted to be cracks, lack of fusion or incomplete
penetration, they are unacceptable regardless of discontinuity size or signal
amplitude.
18.0 EXAMINATION OF REPAIRS:
All repaired areas shall be re–examined by the same procedure as used for the original
detection of the discontinuity.
19.0 PROCEDURE RE–QUALIFICATION:
If there is any change in value of any essential or non essential procedure shall be
revised, if there is any change in essential variables the procedure shall be re-qualified.
20.0 REPORT OF THE EXAMINATION:
20.1Recording indications:
17.2.1 Non-rejectable indication: Non-rejectable indications shall be recorded as

specified by the referencing Code Section.
17.2.2 Rejectable indication: Reject able indications shall be recorded. As a minimum,
the type of indication (i.e. crack, non fusion, slag etc)., location and extent (i.e.
length) shall be recorded. No mandatory Appendices D and K provide general
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recording examples for angle and straight beam search units. Other techniques
may be used.
20.2 Examination Records: For each ultrasonic examination, the following information shall
be recorded:
(a) Procedure identification and revision;
(b) Ultrasonic instrument identification (including manufacturer’s serial number);
(c) Search unit(s) identification (including manufacturer’s serial number, frequency,
and size);
(d) Beam angle(s) used;
(e) Couplant used, brand name or type;
(f) Search unit cable(s) used, type and length;
(g) Special equipment when used (search units, wedges, shoes, automatic
Scanning equipment, recording equipment etc).
(h) Computerized program identification and revision when used;
(i) Calibration block identification;
(j) Simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s) identification when used;
(k) Instrument reference level gain and, if used, damping and reject setting(s);
(l) Calibration data [including reference reflector(s), indication amplitude(s) and
distance reading(s)];
(m) Data correlating simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s), when used, with
initial calibration;
(n) Identification and location of weld or volume scanned;
(o) Surface from which examination was conducted, including surface condition;
(p) Map or record of rejectable indication detected or area cleared;
(q) Areas of restricted access or inaccessible welds;
(r) Examination personnel identity and, when required by referencing Code Section,
qualification level;
(s) Date of examination. Note:- Items (b) through (m) may be included in a separate
calibration record provided the calibration record identification is included in the
examination record.
20.3 Report: A report of the examinations shall be made. The report shall include those
records. The report shall be filed and maintained in accordance with the referencing
Code section. Exhibit No: ND-03 R1 shall be used for reporting the examination results.
20.4 Storage Media: Storage media for computerized scanning data and viewing software
shall be capable of securely storing and retrieving data for the time period specified by
the referencing Code section
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21.0 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING
When Post Examination cleaning is required, it shall be done as soon as practical after
evaluation and documentation using a process that does not adversely affect the part.
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ANNEXURE-I
NON-PIPING CALIBRATION BLOCK
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PROCEDURE FOR VISUAL EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-VT-05
Contents
Para Description Page no.
1.0 SCOPE 61
2.0 REFERENCING DOCUMENTS 61
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION 61

REQUIREMENT
4.0 REQUIREMENTS OF PROCEDRURE 61
5.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 63
6.0 RECORDS 65
7.0 SAFETY 65
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1. SCOPE:
This procedure covers the visual examination of welds of pressure vessels by direct
visual technique, for examination of weld fitments prior to welding, and
examination of completed welds. The purpose of these visual examinations is to
detect flaws like cracks, slags, undercut, overlaps etc. that may be present on the
surface of weldment.
2. REFERENCING DOCUMENTS:
 ASME Section V Article 9, Ed: 2019.
 ASME B 31.3 Ed.: 2018.
 NSCPL Written Practice- NSCPL-NDT-WP-01 Latest revision
3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION:
3.1 Certified NDE personnel in VT method in accordance with our Neo Structo
Construction Pvt. Ltd (NSCPL) written practice NSCPL-NDT-WP-01 (latest
revision) shall be used for conducting the examination.
3.2 When referencing document does not refer Article – 9 of ASME Sec. V directly,
qualification of NDE personnel may be through satisfactory demonstration of
competence in use of the established procedure. Such qualified NDE personnel
shall be employed for conducting examinations as per that procedure only.
3.3 Personnel shall have an annual vision test to assure natural or corrected near
distance acuity such that they are capable of reading standard J-1 letters on
standard Jaeger test type charts for near vision. Equivalent near vision tests are
acceptable.
4. REQUIREMENTS OF PROCEDRURE:
4.1 TECHNIQUE USED:

Direct Visual Examination
Direct visual examination may be carried out when access is sufficient to place
the eye within 600mm of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less
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than 30 to the surface to be examined. Use of mirrors to improve the angle of
vision is permitted. Magnifying lens may be used to assist the examination
4.2 AIDS & APPARTUS FOR VISUAL EAMINATION:

The inspector should use visual aids and when necessary. The usually used
aids include mirrors, artificial lights, magnifiers, rules and special weld gauges
4.3 SURFACE CONDITION:

Normal “As welded” surfaces are considered suitable for visual examination,
except when there is specific evidence to prove that indication are hidden due
to surface imperfection.
4.4 SURFACE PREPARATION / CLEANING & TOOLS REQUIRED:

Whenever required, surfaces to be examined may be cleaned by chipping, wire
brushing etc., using appropriate tools.
When surface is finished enough to cause glair, eyes should not be put in the
line of glair during inspection.
4.5 SURFACE ILLUMINATION AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED:

The minimum light intensity at the examination surface shall be 1076 Lux.
Either from natural light or white light source viz. use 12W white LED bulb at
300mm maximum distance or 60W bulb at 225mm maximum distance or 100W
bulb at 300 maximum distances whereas the area would be 4” radius from
center.
Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination surface is
required for the specific part, component, vessel, or section thereof being
examined. The light intensity, natural or supplemental white light source, shall
be measured with a white light meter prior to the examination or a verified light
source shall be used.
The light source, technique used and light level verification is required to be
demonstrated only one time, documented and maintained on file.
4.6 SEQUENCE OF PERFORMING EXAMINATION:

An examination checklist or measurement plan shall be used to plan a visual
examination and to verify that the required visual observations were
performed. This checklist or measurement plan established minimum
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examination requirement of the inspection, which shall be included in the

reports.
4.7 DATA TO BE DOCUMENTED:

Only Rejectable indications shall be recorded.
5. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA: As per ASME B31.1

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6. RECORDS:
The result of visual examination shall be as per attached format.

7. SAFETY:
Inspectors should take care of safety precautions:
a. Safety of the eyes and cornea.
b. Safety belts while working at heights
c. Safety shoes for foot protection and safety against electrical shock
d. High temperature of inspection surface
e. Other hazardous items like pressurized cylinders, Radiation, Electricity, fumes
and dusts in the surrounding areas.
f. Sharp edges and burrs.
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ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
APPENDIX:-I- VT
SL. NON CLAUSE

NO. ESSENTIAL NO
Change in technique used Direct to or
1 X ----- 5.1
from translucent
Change in technique used Direct to
2 X ----- NA
remote
3 Remote visual aids X ----- NA
Personnel performance requirements,
4 X ----- 3
when required
5 Lighting intensity (decrease only) X ----- 5.5
Configurations to be examined and base
6 material product forms (pipe, plate, ----- X 1.0
forgings, etc.)
7 Lighting equipment ----- X 5.5
Methods or tools used for surface
8 ----- X 5.4
preparation
Equipment or devices used for a direct
9 ----- X 5.2
technique
10 Sequence of examination ----- X 5.6
11 Personnel qualifications ---- X 3.0
NOTE:
5. Any change in above described Essential variable would require re-demonstration
of NDE procedures.
6. Any change in Non-Essential variables may be addressed by incorporating
required change and revising existing procedure without re-demonstration.
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VISUAL EXAMINATION REPORT

Client : Report No : Date :
Project No Site: Job No :
Job Description :
Material : Thickness: Product Form:
Procedure No : Rev. : Overlay Thickness:
Drawing No : Acceptance Standard :
Surface Cond. : Surface Preparation Method:
Technique: DIRECT / REMOTE / TRANSLUCENT Viewing Aid: Magnifying Aid:
Illumination: NATURAL /SUPPLEMENTARY WHITE LIGHT Identifying Aid:
Lighting Equipment: Measuring Aid:
Light Level: > 1000 Lux Recording Aid:
Sl.N I.D. No / Weld
Type of Imperfection N R Location Observation
o No
REMARKS:
Note: N = Non Rejectable Indications. R = Reject able Indications.

Witnessed/
Performed By Interpreted & Evaluated By
Reviewed
Visual Examiner Visual Examiner
AI / CLIENT
Name:
Sign:
Date
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PROCEDURE FOR DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE NO. NSCPL-1066-TR-VGO-DRT-06
DOC. NO.-NSCPL-1066-TR-NDE-CDU-VDU-PR-DRT-06CONTENT
PAGE NO
Sr. No. DISCRIPTION
1 Scope 69
5 Sensitivity of Radiograph 70
6 Image Quality Indicator(IQI) 70
7 Location Markers 78
8 Screen and Film Holder 78
9 Excessive Back scatter 78
10 Film Selection(Phosphor Imaging Plate) 78
11 Image Identification 79
12 Radiation energy and Direction 79
13 Geometric Unsharpness 80
14 Radiographic Density 80
15 Radiographic Technique 80
16 Processing 82
17 Viewing Facilities 82
18 Quality and Evaluation of Radiograph 82
21 Reporting System 87
22 Safety 88
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1 Scope
1.1 This procedure provides the general requirements, methods, techniques and
acceptance standards for the radiographic examination of butt welds in plate,
formed products, tubular products, and welds of pressure vessel joints for wall
thickness range 2.5 mm to 70 mm by using x-ray/gamma ray.
1.2 This procedure provides requirements for using phosphor imaging plate
(photostimulbale luminescent phosphor) as an alternative to film radiography.
The term film, as used within Article 2, applicable to performing radiography in
accordance with this procedure, refers to phosphor imaging plate.
2.0 Reference Documents:
 ASME Section-V, Article 2, Edition 2019
 ASME Section-VIII, Div-1, Edition 2019
 ASME Section IX, Edition 2019
 ASME B31.3, Edition 2018
 SNT – TC – 1A, Edition 2016
 B224-00-000-19-41-1002 Rev.0 Digital Radiography Requirement.
 ISO 17636-2 Non-destructive testing of welds- Radiographic testing- Part 2: X-ray
and gamma- ray techniques with digital detectors.
3.0 Personal Qualification

3.1 Personnel performing examination to this procedure shall be qualified and
certified according to SNT – TC – 1A
3.2 Personnel performing radiography - RT Level I / II as per a board constituted
by Bhabha Atomic Research center( BARC/AERB) government of India
radiological safety division.
3.3 Personnel evaluating radiographs - RT Level II / III as per ASNT
recommended practice SNT-TC-1A shall carry out Radiography film
interpretation & evaluation of test results.
4.0 Surface Preparation

4.1 Surface shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable materials specification
with additional conditioning, if necessary, by any suitable process to such a degree
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that images of surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of
any discontinuity on the resulting radiograph.
4.2 The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where
accessible) and outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree
that the images of surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the
image of any discontinuities on the radiograph.
4.3 The Finished surface of all butt welded joints may be flush with the base
material or may have reasonably uniform crowns with reinforcement not to
exceed that specified in the referencing code section.
5.0 Sensitivity of Radiograph
The radiograph shall have sufficient sensitivity to display designated hole-type

IQI image and the 2T hole or the essential wire of a wire IQI. The radiographs
shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters.
6.0 Image Quality Indicator ( IQI)-IQI Selection
6.1 IQIs shall be either the hole type or the wire type IQI shall be preferred. Hole type
IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or
alternates allowed in SE 1025.Wire type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in
accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE 747, except that the
largest wire number or the identity number may be omitted. Hole type IQI’s shall be
identified by permanently attached lead numbers, which indicate the thickness of the
IQI (designation) in thousands of an inch and in accordance with TABLE-1 (a).Wire
IQI’s shall be identified by permanently attached lead numbers and letters, which
indicate the Material group and letters (A, B, C, D) shall represent the set identification
as per TABLE-1(b).
6.2 Material. IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade
as identified in SE-1025 for hole type or SE-747 for wire type, or from an alloy material
group or grade with less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed.
6.3 Size. The designated hole IQI or essential wire shall be as specified in TABLE- 2(a).
A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI may be substituted for any section thickness listed in
TABLE-(2a), provided an equivalent IQI sensitivity is maintained.
d) Weld with reinforcement - The thickness on which the IQI is based is the
nominal single-wall material thickness plus the weld reinforcement thickness
estimated to be present on both sides of the weld (I.D. and O.D.). The values
used for the estimated weld reinforcement thicknesses shall be representative of
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the weld conditions and shall not exceed the maximum permitted by the
referencing Code Section. Physical measurement of the actual weld
reinforcements is not required. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as
e) Weld without reinforcement- The thickness on which the IQI is based is

nominal single wall thickness. Backing ring or strips shall not be considered as
f) Actual Values. With regard to a) and b) above, when the actual material/weld
thickness is measured, IQI selection may be based on these known values.
6.4 Welds Joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds With Dissimilar Filler Metal:-
When the weld is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that
differs from the base material, the IQI material selection shall be based on the weld
metal and in accordance with Para 6.2. When the density limits of 14.2 cannot be met
with one IQI and the
exception density areas is at the interface of weld metal and base metal, the material
selection for the additional IQI’s shall be based on base material and be in
accordance with para 6.2 of this procedure.
6.8 IQI Sensitivity:
6.8.1 Required Sensitivity. Radiography shall be performed with a technique of

sufficient sensitivity to display the designated hole-type IQI image and the essential
hole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display the
IQI identifying numbers and letters. If the designated hole-type IQI image and
essential hole, or essential wire of a wire-type IQI, do not show on any film in a
multiple film technique, but do show in composite film viewing, interpretation shall
be permitted only by composite film viewing.
For wire -type IQIs, the essential wire shall be visible within the area of interest
representing the thickness used for determining the essential wire, inclusive of the
allowable density variable are described in 6.5.2
6.5.2 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity. A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI than
the designated IQI may be substituted, provided an equivalent or better IQI
sensitivity, as listed in TABLE-2(b), is achieved and all other requirements for
radiography are met. Equivalent IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of TABLE-2(b),
which contains the designated IQI and hole. Better IQI sensitivity is shown in any
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row of TABLE-2(b), which is above the equivalent sensitivity row. If the designated
IQI and hole are not represented in the table, the next thinner IQI row from TABLE-
2(b), may be used to establish equivalent IQI sensitivity.
TABLE - 1 (a) (as per Table T-233.1)

HOLE-TYPE IQI DESIGNATION, THICKNESS & HOLE DIAMETER,
IQI IQI Thickness 1T Hole Diameter 2T Hole Diameter 4T Hole Diameter

Designation inch (mm) inch (mm) inch(mm) inch(mm)
5 0.005 (0.13) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
7 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
10 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.010 ( 0.25) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02)
12 0.0125 (0.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27)
15 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.030 (0.76) 0.060 (1.52)
17 0.0175 (0.44) 0.0175 (0.44) 0.035 (0.89) 0.070 (1.78)

20 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.040 (1.02) 0.080 (2.03)
25 0.025 (0.64) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27) 0.100 (2.54)
30 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.060 (1.52) 0.120 (3.05)
35 0.035 (0.89) 0.035 (0.89) 0.070 (1.78) 0.140 (3.56)
40 0.040 (1.02) 0.040 (1.02) 0.080 (2.03) 0.160 (4.06)
45 0.045 (1.14) 0.045 (1.14) 0.090 (2.29) 0.180 (4.57)
50 0.050 (1.27) 0.050 (1.27) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08)
60 0.060 (1.52) 0.060 (1.52) 0.120 (3.05) 0.240 (6.10)
70 0.070 (1.78) 0.070 (1.78) 0.140 (3.56) 0.280 (7.11)
80 0.080 (2.03) 0.080 (2.03) 0.160 (4.06) 0.320 (8.13)
100 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08) 0.400 (10.16)
120 0.120 (3.05) 0.120 (3.05) 0.240 (6.10) 0.480 (12.19)
140 0.140 (3.56) 0.140 (3.56) 0.280 (7.11) 0.560 (14.22)
160 0.160 (4.06) 0.160 (4.06) 0.320 (8.13) 0.640 (16.26)
200 0.200 (5.08) 0.200 (5.08) 0.400 (10.16) ---
240 0.240 (6.10) 0.240 (6.10) 0.480 (12.19) ---
280 0.280 (7.11) 0.280 (7.11) 0.560 (14.22) ---
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TABLE - 1 (b) (as per table T-233.2)

WIRE IQI DESIGNATION AND WIRE DIAMETERS, AND WIRE IDENTITY
Set B Set C Set D
Set A
Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire

Diameter, Identit Diameter, Identit Diamete Identit Diamete Identity
in. y in. y r, in. y r, in.
0.0032 1 0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16
(0.08) (0.25) (0.81) (2.54)
0.004 2 0.013 7 0.040 12 0.126 17
(0.10) (0.33) (1.02) (3.20)
0.005 3 0.016 8 0.050 13 0.160 18
(0.13) (0.41) (1.27) (4.06)
0.0063 4 0.020 9 0.063 14 0.200 19
(0.16) (0.51) (1.60) (5.08)
0.008 5 0.025 10 0.080 15 0.250 20
(0.20) (0.64) (2.03) (6.35)
0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16 0.320 21
(0.25) (0.81) (2.54) (8.13)
TABLE - 2 (a) (as per table T-276) - IQI SELECTION

IQI
Source Side Film Side
Nominal single-Wall Material Hole – Wire – Hole- Wire –
Type Essentia Type Type Essenti Type
Thickness** Range, in.(mm)
Design l Hole Essential Design al Hole Essential
ation Wire ation Wire
Up to 0.25, incl.(6.4) 12 2T 5 10 2T 4
Over 0.25 (6.4) through 0.375
15 2T 6 12 2T 5
(9.5)
Over 0.375 (9.5)through 0.50
17 2T 7 15 2T 6
(12.7)
Over 0.50 (12.7) through 0.75
20 2T 8 17 2T 7
(19.0)
Over 0.75 (19.0) through 1.00
25 2T 9 20 2T 8
(25.4)
Over 1.00 (25.4) through 1.50
30 2T 10 25 2T 9
(38.1)
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Over 1.50 (38.1) through 2.00

35 2T 11 30 2T 10
(50.8)
Over 2.00 (50.8) through 2.50
40 2T 12 35 2T 11
(63.5)
Over 2.50 (63.5) through 4.00
50 2T 13 40 2T 12
(101.6)
Over 4.00 (101.6)through
60 2T 14 50 2T 13
6.00(152.4)
Over 6.00 (152.4) through 8.00
80 2T 16 60 2T 14
(203.2)
Over 8.00 (203.2) through 10.00
100 2T 17 80 2T 16
(254.0)
Over 10.00 (254.0) through 2.00 120 2T 18 100 2T 17

(304.8)
Over 12.00 (304.8) through 6.00 160 2T 20 120 2T 18

(406.4)
Over 16.00 (406.4) through 200 2T 21 160 2T 20

20.00(508.0)
** The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the
estimated weld reinforcement permitted by referencing code section.
TABLE - 2 (b) (as per table T-283)
EQUIVALENT HOLE – TYPE IQI SENSITIVITY
Hole – Type
Equivalent Hole – Type Designation
Designation
2T Hole 1T Hole 4T Hole
10 15 5
12 17 7
15 20 10
17 25 12
20 30 15
25 35 17
30 40 20
35 50 25
40 60 30
50 70 35
60 80 40
80 120 60
100 140 70
120 160 80
160 240 120
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200 280 140
6.9 PLACEMENT OF IQI:

6.9.1 Source side IQI(s) - The IQI(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part
being examined, except for the condition described in para 6.6.2.
 When, due to part or weld configuration or size, it is not practical to place
the IQI(s) may be placed on a separate block. Separate blocks shall be made
of the same or radiographically similar materials and may be used to
facilitate IQI positioning. There is no restriction on the Separate block
thickness, provided the IQI / area of interest shall meet the density
requirements.
 The IQI on the source side of the separate block shall be placed no closer to
the film than the source side of the part being radiographed.
 The separate blocks shall be placed as close as possible to the part being
radiographed.
 When hole type IQIs are used, the block dimension shall exceed the IQI
dimension such that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shall
be visible on the radiographed.
6.9.2 Film side IQI(s)-Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on
the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the
part being examined. A lead letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to or on the
IQI(s) but shall not mask the essential hole where hole IQIs are used.
6.9.3 IQI Placement for welds- Hole IQI(s.)The IQI(s) may be placed adjacent to or
on the weld. The IQI identification number(s) and, when used, the lead
letter “F”, shall not be in the area of interest except when geometric
configuration makes it impractical.
6.9.4 IQI Placement for welds-Wire IQI(s).The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld
so that the length of the wires are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
weld. The IQI identification and, when used, the lead letter “F”, shall not be
in the area of interest except when geometric configuration makes it
impractical.
6.9.5 IQI Location for Materials other than welds – The IQI(s) with the IQI
identification and, when used, the lead letter “F”, may be placed in the area
of interest.
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6.10 NUMBER OF IQI’S:

When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall
appear on each radiograph except as outlined in (b) below.
(b) Multiple IQIs.

If the requirements of para14.2 are met by using more than one IQI, one shall be
representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area of
interest; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having
acceptable density.
(b) Special Cases
(-a) When the complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film
holders, or;
ends of the outermost sections span 240 or more degree, is radiographed using one or
more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI
spacing.
span, are required under the following
Conditions:
(-a) When a section of the circumference, the length of which is greater than 120° and
less than 240° , is radiographed using just one film holder, or;
ends of the outermost sections span less than 240 °, is radiographed using more than
one film holder.
(3) In (1) and (2) above, where sections of longitudinal welds adjoining the
circumferential weld are radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld,
an additional IQI shall be placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of the section
most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed.
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(-a) When a complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film holders,
or;
of the outermost sections span 240 or more degree, is radiographed using one or more
film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI
spacing.
span, are required under the following conditions:
(-a) When a section of a circumference, the length of which is greater than 120° deg
and less than 240° , is radiographed using just one film holder, or;
of the outermost sections span less than 240° is radiographed using more than one
film holder.
(6) In (4) and (5) above, where other welds are radiographed simultaneously with the
circumferential weld, one additional IQI shall be placed on each other weld.
(7) For segments of a flat or curved (i.e., ellipsoidal, tori spherical, tori conical,
elliptical, etc.) component where the source is placed perpendicular to the center of a
length of weld for a single exposure when using more than three film holders, at least
three IQIs, one placed at each end of the radiographed span and one in the
approximate center of the span, are required.
(8) When an array of components in a circle is radiographed, at least one IQI shall
show on each component image.
(9) In order to maintain the continuity of records involving subsequent exposures, all
radiographs exhibiting IQIs that qualify the techniques permitted in accordance
With (1) through (7) above shall be retained.
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7.0 Location Markers

The location markers shall be permanently marked on the radiographed when
permitted or on a map. The location markers shall be placed adjacent to the weld or on
the part as per the requirements of Fig. 1. These location markers shall appear as
radiographic images on the radiographs.
8.0 Screens and film holders
Phosphor imaging plate shall be put in protective sleeve (cassette) with or without
intensifying screen that will protect the exposed radiographic image from direct sun
light between the time of exposure and scanning.
8.1 Intensifying screens shall be used in weld radiography, such as lead, Copper etc.
8.2 The fluorescent or fluoro-metallic screens are not permitted to be used without prior
demonstration of achieving required sensitivity.
9.0 Excessive Back scatter
A lead letter “B” with a minimum dimension of 7/16” (11mm) in high and a
minimum of 1/16” (1.5mm) thickness shall be attached to the back of each film
holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the
film. If a light image of the “B” appears on a darker background of the
radiograph, back-scattered protection is insufficient and the radiograph shall be
considered unacceptable. A dark image of the lead letter “B” on a lighter
background is not cause for rejection. The lead symbol “B” shall be placed in a
location so that it would appear within an area on the radiograph that meets the
requirements of Clause no. 14 of this procedure.
10.0 Film Selection (PHOSPHOR IMAGING PLATE)
A. Phosphor Imaging Plate
 Radiography shall be performed using an industrial phosphor imaging plate
capable of demonstrating IQI image requirements.
 Image plates/ Cassettes should have electron beam curved protection layer.
 Certification is from BAM Berlin (federal institute of material research & testing)
as per EN14784-1 & ASTM E2446 for image plates & Scanner.
 Image plates and scanner , eraser & cassettes will be suitable for Radiography
using X-ray, Ir- 192
 Image obtained by computed Radiography will give equivalent or better results
in terms of defect shape/size geometrical un-sharpness and back scattering.
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B. Software & High performance Laptop (Computer)

 Software will be user friendly and rugged. Software should be powerful
to acquire, review, report and archive inspection data which should be
compatible with Windows XP/Vista operating system.
 It should have features like zoom in/out, flip/rotate, filters like
sharpening, edge enhancement and resizable shutters in various forms.
11.0 Image Identifications
11.1 Following identification markers shall be plainly or permanently indicated on
the film. This identification system does not necessarily require that the
information appear as radiographic images. In any case, this information shall not
obscure the area of interest.
11.1.1 Manufacture’s symbol or name as ‘NSCPL’
11.1.2 Job no & Unit No., if required and job identification
11.1.3 “F “ marking if film side IQI is used
11.1.4 Line Number with revision, Joint No. , thickness (on cover of film), line
class, welder no. XR no.
11.1.5 Weld seam identification number and segment / notation number
11.1.6 Date of radiography
11.1.7 Any weld / weld segment that have been repaired shall be marked
as R1, R2 etc. for 1st and 2nd repair etc. respectively on the radiograph.
11.1.8 Subcontractor’s name or symbol
11.2 When performing radiography of circumferential seams by the ‘Panoramic’
technique, the first spot/segment shall have all the information mentioned
above. All the remaining segments shall have at least a unique radiography
number identifying the seam/joint being radiographed.
12.0 Radiation Energy and Radiation Direction
12.1 Radiation Energy:
The radiation energy employed for any radiographic technique shall achieve the
density IQI image requirement of this procedure.
12.2 Radiation Direction:
The direction of the central beam of radiation should be centered on the area of
interest whenever practical.
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13.0 Geometric Unsharpness (Ug)

 Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with:
Where
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film
F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or
effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld
or object being radiographed
Ug = geometric unsharpness
D and d shall be determined at the approximate center of the area of interest.
 Recommended maximum values for geometric unsharpness are as follows.
Material Thickness, in (mm) Ug Maximum, in.(mm)

Under 2 (50) 0.020 (0.51)
2 through 3 (50-75) 0.030 (0.76)
Over 3 through 4 (75-100) 0.040 (1.02)
Greater than 4 (100) 0.070 (1.78)
Note-Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based
14.0 Radiographic Density
These requirements are not applicable to phosphor imaging plate radiography.
15.0 Radiographic Technique

15.1 A single wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever
practical. When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, a double wall
technique shall be used. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to
demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained.
15.2 Single Wall Technique: In the single wall technique, the radiation passes through
only one wall of the weld (material), which is viewed for acceptance of the radiograph.
15.3 Double wall Technique: When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, one
of the following techniques shall be used:
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15.3.1 Single Wall Viewing: For material and for welds in components a technique may
be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material)
on the film side wall is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. When the complete
coverage is required for circumferential welds (materials) a minimum of three
exposures taken 120 to each other shall be made.
15.3.2 Double Wall Viewing: For material and for welds in components 3 ½”(88.9 mm)
or less in nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the radiation
passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both wall is viewed for acceptance
on the same radiograph. For double wall viewing only source side IQI shall be used.
(1) DOUBLE WALL ELLIPTICAL TECHNIQUE: For welds, the radiation beam
may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the
images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so that there is no
overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete coverage is required, a
minimum of two exposures taken at 90 to each other shall be made for each joint.
(2) DOUBLE WALL SUPERIMPOSED TECHNIQUE:

As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam
positioned so that the images of both the walls are superimposed. When complete
coverage is required, a minimum of three exposures taken either at 60  or 120  to
each other shall be made for each joint.
(3) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage

cannot be obtained using the minimum number of exposures indicated in (b) (1) or
(b) (2) above.
16.0 Processing
The system used for processing a phosphor imaging plate shall be capable of acquiring,
storing and displaying the digital image. All exposed IP plates should be scanned &
image acquired within 4 hours of their exposure. IP plates gray & blue should be
scanned at resolutions of 100 microns & 50 microns respectively. If the required
sensitivity & resolution are not achieved then they should be scanned at resolutions of
70/50 microns & 35 microns respectively.
The time between radiographic exposure and scanning is limited and should be
maximum 4 hours. Extended time permitted if acquire image has all the quality
requirements are meet.
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17. Viewing Facilities
Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will
not cause reflections, shadows or glare on the monitor that interfere with the
interpretation process.
The display used for image evaluation shall fulfill the following minimum
requirements:
a. Minimum brightness of 250 cd/m2
b. Display of at least 256 shades of grey.
c. Minimum displayable light intensity ration of 1:250
d. Display of at least 1 million pixels of a pixel size <0.3 mm
18. Quality and Evaluation of Radiographs

A. Quality of Radiographs
System-induced artifacts
The digital image shall be free of system-induced artifacts in the area of interest that
could mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity
B. Evaluation of Radiograph
All the radiographs shall be examined and interpreted to assure the compliance with
the referencing code.
Image Brightness
The image brightness through the body of the hole-type IQI or adjacent to the
designated wire of the wire-type IQI, shall be judged to be equal to or greater than
the image brightness in the area of interest for a negative image format. This image
brightness requirement is reversed for a positive image format. Additionally, the
requirements of ASME Sec V, Article 2, T-282 are not applicable to phosphor imaging
plate radiography.
MEASURING SCALE
The measuring scale used for interpretation shall be capable of providing dimensions of
the projected image.
The measurement scale tool shall be based upon a known dimensional comparator that
is placed on the cassette or a comparator scale placed on the imaging plate during
exposure or prior to processing
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INTERPRETATION
Final radiography interpretation of the area of interest shall be performed within the
identified IQI image contrast and brightness values or, if multiple IQIs are used, the
overlapping portions of the identified contrast and brightness values for the intervening
thickness ranges, The IQI and the area of interest shall be of the same image format
(positive or negative). Additionally, Where applicable
(a) The contrast and brightness range that demonstrates the required IQI sensitivity shall
be used to qualify multiple thickness, the overlapping portions of each IQI's determined
contrast and brightness range shall be considered valid for interpretation of intervening
thickness. Pixel intensity values may also be used to quantify image brightness
comparisons.
(b) The digital image may be viewed and evaluated in a negative or positive image
format.
(c) Independent areas of interest of the same image may be displayed and evaluated in
differing image formats, provided the IQI and the area of interest are viewed and
evaluated in the same format.
Each computed radio graphed shall be evaluated for its minimum gray values in
accordance with Annex D.1 of ISO 17636-2.
The minimum SNR measured shall be above those from Table D.1 of Annex D.1 of ISO
17636-2 with a SNR of 100 for Iridium 192.
Measuring of the gray scale should be performed in the heat affected zone and be
plotted and reported for each radiographic image.
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NSCPL shall be responsible for the review, interpretation, evaluation and acceptance
of the completed radiographs to assure compliance with this procedure. The
radiographic technique details and the radiograph review form documentation shall
accompany the radiographs. Acceptance shall be completed prior to presentation of
the radiographs and accompanying documentation to the Inspector.
19. Acceptance Standard

A. AS per ASME SEC VIII DIV. 1, UW 51 and ASME SEC 1:
Acceptance of all welded joints to be radiographed shall be as follows
19.1 Linear Imperfections
IV. Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.
V. Any elongated indication which have been length greater than:
d. ¼ in.(6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
e. 1/3 t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) 2 ½ in.(57 mm)
f. ¾ in. (19 mm) t over 2 ½ in. (57 mm)
Where‘t’ is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement.
For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t is
the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet
weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in‘t’
VI. Any group of indication that have aggregate length greater than ‘t’ in a length
of 12t of film except when the distance between successive imperfections
exceeds 6L, where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.
19.2 Rounded Imperfections
19.2.1 Relevant Indications: Only those rounded indications which exceed the
following dimensions shall be considered relevant.
e. 1/10 t for t less than 1/8 in.( 3 mm)
f. 1/64 in. for t from 1/8 in. to ¼ in. (3mm to 8 mm)
g. 1/32 in. for t greater than for ¼ in. to 2 in. (6 mm to 50 mm)
h. 1/16 in. for t greater than 2 in.(50 mm)

19.2.2 Rounded Indications Acceptance as per ASME SEC VIII Div.1, ASME SEC1
& ASME B31.3:
19.2.3 Maximum Size of Rounded Indication - the maximum permissible size of any
indication shall be t/4 or 4 mm (5/32 in.), whichever is smaller; except that an
isolated indication separated from an adjacent indication by 25 mm (1 in.) or more
may be 1/3 t or 6 mm (1/4 in.), whichever is less. For t greater than 50 mm (2 in.)
FOR
Rev. No. 0
the maximum permissible size of an isolated indication shall be increased to 10

mm (3/8 in.).
19.2.4 Aligned Rounded Indications - aligned rounded indications are acceptable
when the summation of the diameters of the indications is less than t in a length of
12t. The length of groups of aligned rounded indications shall be 6mm for
thickness less than 19mm, t/3 for thickness 19mm to 57mm, 19mm for thickness
greater than 57mm and the spacing between the groups shall not exceed 3 times
length of the largest group being evaluated.
19.2.5 Clustered Indications - the illustrations for clustered indications show up to four
times as many indications in a local area, as that shown in the illustrations for
random indications. The length of an acceptable cluster shall not exceed the
lesser of 25 mm (1 in.) or 2t. Where more than one cluster is present, the sum of
the lengths of the clusters shall not exceed 25 mm (1 in.) in a 150 mm (6 in.)
length weld.
19.2.6 Weld Thickness t less than 3 mm (1/8 in.) - fort less than 3 mm (1/8 in.) the
maximum number of rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 150 mm (6 in.)
length of weld. A proportionally fewer number of indications shall be permitted
in welds less than 150 mm (6 in.) in length.
19.2.7 The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed in the
charts of respective reference code of ASME SEC VIII Div. 1(Appendix 4)
B) As per ASME B31.3 –

FOR
Rev. No. 0
FOR
Rev. No. 0
20. Examination of Repairs.

Unacceptable discontinuities shall be removed and repaired with the applicable
repair weld procedure. Repair shall be re-examined in accordance with this work
instruction.
21. Reporting System.

The radiography technique sheet shall be prepared prior to taking radiograph which
shall contain following information as a minimum:
(o) Identification of job/item/part etc.

(p) Contract & Unit No. (if applicable)
(q) Dimensional map (if used) of marker placement
(r) No. Of exposures
(s) X-ray Voltage or Type of Isotope used
(t) Source size
(u) Ci- min / mA Min
(v) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement thickness,
as applicable.
(w)Source to object distance
(x) Distance from source side of object to film
(y) Film manufacturer and manufacturer’s type / designation
(z) No. Of film in each cassette
(aa) Single or double wall exposure
(bb) Single or double viewing
Examination results shall be reported in Radiography Evaluation form which shall

contain following information as a minimum.
1) Listing of each radiograph location.
2) The ref. no. of technique sheet.
3) Procedure and rev. no.
4) Evaluation & disposition of the welds examined.
5) Identification of the NSCPL personnel performing final acceptance.
6) Date of evaluation
FOR
Rev. No. 0
22. Safety:
4. Only certified personnel shall perform radiography.
5. Radioactive isotopes shall be stored in BARC approved pt.
6. The technician shall be responsible for compliance with safety rules
requirement applicable at NSCPL at ‘Sachin.
FOR
Rev. No. 0
Figure No.-1
LOCATION MARKERS
FOR
Rev. No. 0
Figure No.-2
SINGLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
FOR
Rev. No. 0
Figure No.-3
DOUBLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
FOR
Rev. No. 0
FOR
Rev. No. 0
NEO STRUCTO CONSTRUCTIO PVT.LTD. Tech. Sheet No.
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE SHEET Date
Equipment No/Job No: W.O. No. Client Stage of Exam

Before/After PWHT
Inspection by Base Material Base Mat. Thickness
Procedure No.: Rev. No.:
Weld Thickness : mm Reinforcement: mm

Applicable Code/Standard Seam No. Part No. Spot No.
X-Ray / Gamma Ray Radioisotope:

KVp : FOD : mm
SKETCH
SOFD : mm
SOD : mm
Effective Focal Spot / Size of source: mm

Exposure time: mA-mnts/ Ci – mnts
Intensifying Screen: Lead
IQI : Hole Type/Wire Type
Front: mm Back: mm
IQI Source side/ Film side IQI No: ASTM
Shim thk: mm
Film:(Class / Brand & Designation) Film size: inches
No. of Exposures: No. of Radiographs:
Film viewing: Single / Composite
Exposure: Single wall / Double wall
No. of walls to be viewed : Single / Double
No. of films per film holder: One / Two
Location Marker: Source side / Film side
Location Marker Map: Required / Not required
Placement of Back Scatter “B” on back of Cassette: Kept / Not Kept Densitometer Verified : Yes / No
Developing Time : ____________________________ Temp ________________________

Prepared by Level II Approved by Level II/ III Accepted by
Sign & Date: Sign & Date: Sign & Date:
Name : Name : Name :

SOFD: Distance from Source side of object to the film.
FOR
Rev. No. 0

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NSCPL-1066-TR-NDE-VGO-

NDE PROCEDURE Document No. COIL-PR-02

NEO STRUCTO CONSTRUCTION PRIVATE LIMITED

NDE PROCEDURE FOR

PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

4.0 Surface Preparation

The radiograph shall have sufficient sensitivity to display designated hole-type

b) Weld without reinforcement- The thickness on which the IQI is based is

6.5 IQI Sensitivity:

6.5.1 Required Sensitivity. Radiography shall be performed with a technique of

TABLE - 1 (a) (as per Table T-233.1)

IQI IQI Thickness 1T Hole Diameter 2T Hole Diameter 4T Hole Diameter

17 0.0175 (0.44) 0.0175 (0.44) 0.035 (0.89) 0.070 (1.78)

TABLE - 1 (b) (as per table T-233.2)

Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire

TABLE - 2 (a) (as per table T-276) - IQI SELECTION

Over 10.00 (254.0) through 2.00 120 2T 18 100 2T 17

Over 12.00 (304.8) through 6.00 160 2T 20 120 2T 18

Over 16.00 (406.4) through 200 2T 21 160 2T 20

6.6 PLACEMENT OF IQI:

6.7 NUMBER OF IQI’S:

(a) Multiple IQIs.

(b) Special Cases

7.0 Location Markers

8.0 Screens and film holders

9.0 Excessive Back scatter

11.1.2 Job no & Unit No., if required and job identification

11.1.3 “F “ marking if film side IQI is used

11.1.5 Weld seam identification number and segment / notation number

11.2 When performing radiography of circumferential seams by the ‘Panoramic’

 Recommended maximum values for geometric unsharpness are as follows.

Material Thickness, in (mm) Ug Maximum, in.(mm)

14.0 Radiographic Density

15.0 Radiographic Technique

(2) DOUBLE WALL SUPERIMPOSED TECHNIQUE:

(3) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage

16.0 Processing of Radiograph

17.0 Viewing Radiographs

discontinuity in the area of interest of the object being radiographed. Such

19.0 Acceptance Standard

a. 1/10 t for t less than 1/8 in.( 3 mm)

d. 1/16 in. for t greater than 2 in.(50 mm)

B) As per ASME B31.3 –

20. Examination of Repairs.

21. Reporting System.

(a) Identification of job/item/part etc.

Examination results shall be reported in Radiography Evaluation form which shall

NEO STRUCTO CONSTRUCTIO PVT.LTD. Tech. Sheet No.

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE SHEET Date

Equipment No/Job No: W.O. No. Client Stage of Exam

Procedure No.: Rev. No.:

Weld Thickness : mm Reinforcement: mm

X-Ray / Gamma Ray Radioisotope:

Effective Focal Spot / Size of source: mm

No. of Exposures: No. of Radiographs:

Film viewing: Single / Composite

Exposure: Single wall / Double wall

Developing Time : ____ Temp