NEW SINAI SCHOOL AND COLLEGES STA. ROSA INC.

National Highway, Barangay Tagapo, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna – 4027

SY: 2020-2021
FIRST SEMESTER – FIRST QUARTER

LEARNER’S MODULE

GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Specialized Subject

Student’s Name:
Strand:
Grade and Section:
Subject Code: STRAND 5
Module Number: 2
Lesson: 1

1 | MODULE 2 – LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION

LESSON 1: Projectile Motion MODULE 2

Most Essential Learning Competency:

1. Describe the motion of a projectile;
2. Solve problems on linear motion;
3. Name the standard units of force;
4. Classify forces as contact and noncontact forces and describe each;
5. Differentiate between concurrent forces and parallel forces;
6. Differentiate mass and weight;
7. Given the other quantity, calculate the mass or weight of an object;

I. Concept Discussion

PROJECTILE MOTION

Many of the sports and games we love to watch or play actually involve either throwing things into the air or
people moving through the air. When an object is projected into the air or through space by application of
force, it is called a projectile. An object that moves up and down in air is also a projectile.
Two main factors influence projectile motion: the downward pull of gravity and the effect of inertia. The
combination of these factors produces the parabolic path of a projectile. Its path through space is called
trajectory. In this book, we will again assume, for simplicity, that air resistance has no effect on situations
involving projectile motion. In analyzing projectile motion, we consider the horizontal and vertical components
of the motion separately.
Bodies Thrown Vertically Upward

vf = 0 g t2 2 maxH gt2

Velocity is Velocity is
1) ↑ h=v i t−

g t2
2
7) t=
√
vi
g
14) ↑ h=v v t−
Where:
2
2) ↓ h= (time of falling) 8) t=
Decreasing Increasing 2 g R = range
3) ↑ v=v i−¿ v
9) i =¿ Vv = Vertical Velocity
4)↓ v=¿ (time of falling) VH = Vertical Horizontal
10) v v =v i sinθ
v 11) v H =v i cosθ
( )
5) max H= i t
2
12) θ=tan ×
−1 opp
Example: adj
A mongo was thrown vertically upward and return to the point from where it was thrown in exactly 3s. Find the
(a) initial velocity projected to the mango, (b) the maximum height, (c & d) the location 1s and 2.5 after it was
thrown, and (e & f) the speed 1.5s and 2.0s after it was thrown.

2 | MODULE 2 – LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION

The horizontal and vertical are independent from each other but has the same rate of falling.

Example:
The hunter aims his riffle directly at a monkey sat at a 100ft tall tree. The hunter is 200ft away from the tree. If
monkey drop freely as it sees the flash of the rifle being fired, will the bullet hit the monkey? If yes, at what
location?

FORCE

What makes things move? Why do some objects move faster than others? Dynamics deals with motion and
the reasons objects move the way they do. In this chapter, we will discuss the influences that cause and
prevent motion: forces.
Force is a push or a pull resulting from the interaction between two objects. When you lean on the wall, your
back interacts with the wall. A force exerted by the wall called normal force results from this interaction. When
you move away from the wall, the normal force disappears. A magnetized needle interacts with the magnetic
field of the Earth, resulting in a magnetic force that causes the needle to align with the Earth's magnetic field.
When the needle is demagnetized, the magnetic force disappears.
Force is a vector quantity; it has magnitude and direction. This simply means that to understand what a force
does, it is necessary to know its magnitude and its direction. We must know the direction of the force to know
the direction of the motion resulting from the application of this force. The magnitude of the force tells us how
strong the force is and how much change in motion will occur.
The standard unit of force in the SI MKS system is the newton (N), named after Sir Isaac Newton, a 17th-
century mathematician and philosopher. One newton is the force needed to cause a 1-kg object to accelerate 1
m/s2.
1 N = 1 kgm/s2

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In the CGS system, the standard unit of force is the dyne. One dyne is the force needed to cause a 1-g object
to accelerate 1 m/s2.

1 dyne = 1gcm/s2
The equivalence factor for newtons and dynes is
1 N = 10 dynes
Forces can be broadly categorized into two types: contact forces and noncontact forces.

CONTACT FORCES

Many of the interactions that happen around us involve contact. The forces
that come with these interactions are referred to as contact forces.
Mere contact between two objects gives rise to a contact force known as
normal force. This force is always perpendicular to the surfaces in
contact.
Tension is the contact force transmitted to an object subjected to two
pulling forces at two ends, as manifested by the strap of your loaded bag when you carry it, the string of a
guitar, and your muscles as you strain to lift something.

Friction is the contact force present whenever two objects slide against each other or when they resist a
tendency to slide against each other. Friction is a retarding force: its effect is to oppose motion. Thus, friction
slows down a moving object or prevents a stationary object from moving. We will discuss friction in detail in
section 3.4.

NONCONTACT FORCES
Noncontact forces are those forces that can act between two objects over a distance or between objects that
are not in physical contact.
Gravity is an example of noncontact force. It is the force with which the Earth pulls
you toward the ground and is responsible for making unsupported objects fall. It is
also commonly called weight. The Earth's gravity also acts on objects that are
much farther from its Surface, tugging on the Moon, the Sun, the nearest planets,
and even dust particles in space.
Magnetic forces exist between permanent magnets as well as between moving
electrically charged particles.
Electrostatic forces exist between electrically charged objects or particles that are at rest. Objects that have
opposite charges attract each other, while those with similar charges repel each other. The electrostatic forces
between the nucleus of an atom and the Surrounding electrons keep the electrons in orbit.

4 | MODULE 2 – LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION

 CONCURRENT AND PARALLEL FORCES

A complete description of a force does not include only its magnitude and direction but also its point of
application, the exact location where the force is applied on a body. Depending on where its point of
application is, a force can affect the state of motion of an object or change the shape of the object.
Forces acting simultaneously on the same point on an object are said to be concurrent. Concurrent forces
may start, prevent, or maintain linear motion.

When the forces acting on the same body are parallel to each other and the object is free to move, the object
turns. Such is the case of the merry-go-round in a park, fair, or playground. The forces on the merry-go-round
the force of the central support and the force of the child-cause the merry-go-round to turn. Another example of
an object that turns under the action of parallel forces is the yo-yo. The weight of the yo-yo acts at the center
while the tension acts on the rim of the central disk of the yo-yo.

MASS AND WEIGHT

In problems on dynamics, you will frequently encounter weight as one of the forces involved. Sometimes, the
terms mass and weight are used interchangeably, but in physics, they have different meanings.
The mass of a body is a measure of the amount of matter it has; its value is constant. On the other hand, the
weight of a body is the gravitational force exerted on that body, such as by Earth on objects on its surface.
Weight is proportional to mass but unlike mass, the weight of an object is not a constant. The greater the
amount of gravity a body experiences, the greater its weight. On Earth, the weight of the same person varies
very slightly from place to place due to differences in gravity.

VALUES OF GRAVITY AND WEIGHT OF A 60KG PERSON ON DIFFERENT PLACES

PLACE ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY WEIGHT OF THE PERSON (N)
North Pole 9.832 m/s2 588.92
2
Brussels 9.811 m/s 588.66
New York 9.803 m/s2 588.18
New Zealand 9.800 m/s2 588.00
Java 9.782 m/s2 586.92

In addition, mass is a scalar quantity. Its standard unit is kilogram. On the other hand, weight, being a force, is
a vector quantity. It is directed downward, toward the center of the Earth.
Given the mass m, the weight W of an object is calculated using this formula:

W = mg
5 | MODULE 2 – LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION
Example:

Reference:
 Breaking Through Physics by Celeste Joan C. Santisteban and Saranay “Sol” M. Baguio

6 | MODULE 2 – LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION