Senior High School

Earth and Life Science

First Quarter – Week 1
Origin and Structure of the Earth
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) – Based Exemplar
Quarter 1 – Week 1: Earth and Earth’s Systems
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this exemplar are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development and Quality Assurance Teams

Writers: TRALOU NIÑO T. SALCEDO
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Language Editor: LORNA O. BIÑAS
Content Evaluator: SHEKAINAH FAITH C. LOZADA
Layout Evaluator:
Management Team: PSDS/DIC
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Rationale

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Project PPE (Portfolio Predicate on Exemplar) is a backup contingency response of the Schools
Division of Surigao del Sur for learning delivery and learning resource which parallel to the on-
going endeavors of the higher offices in the Department. It is the utilization of a lesson exemplar
that is streamlined in a teacher-and-learner-friendly format to cater to the new classroom setup in
light of the COVID-19 health crisis. These exemplars will be paired with a self-contained and
self-instructional portfolio.

The portfolio is a deliberate collection of works that highlight a learner’s effort that would enable
him to see his growth and achievement, ability to reflect on his own work and ability to establish
goals for future learning.

Introductory Message

For the teacher:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science -11–First Quarter Exemplaron Origin and Structure of the
Earth!

This exemplar was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from different
schools in the Division to assist you in helping the learners meet the standards anchored on Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) set by the Department while overcoming the
constraints in schooling brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a teacher, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this exemplar in the fit
modality. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning through portfolio assessments.

For the learner:

Welcome to Earth and Life Science - 11–First Quarter) Exemplar on Origin and Structure of the
Earth!

This exemplar was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner, either at home or in school. To help you with this,
this exemplar comes with a Weekly Portfolio Assessment. Your teacher will provide you with a
template and you will be given a privilege to organize the portfolio in your own creative way.

This exemplar has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the competencies you are

What I Need to Know
expected to learn in the exemplar and the objectives you
are expected to realize.

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 This part includes an activity that aims to check what
What I Know
you already know about the lesson to take.

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

What is It
This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

This section provides an activity which will help you

What I Can Do (1,2 & 3)
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This task aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

What I Have Learned
achieving the learning objectives.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

This contains instructions about recording your positive,

Portfolio Goal Setting
realistic goals before going through this exemplar.

This contains instructions about completing the

Portfolio Completion -Your
Growth Clue! components of the portfolio. This also includes a rubric
to guide you of how your portfolio will be assessed.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

exemplar.

What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

LO 1. Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with
properties necessary to support life.S11/12ES-Ia-e-3

Objectives

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After going through this exemplar, you are expected to:

A. Knowledge: recognize the difference in the physical and chemical properties

between the Earth and its neighboring planets;
B. Skill: identify the factors that allow a planet to support life including its
internal structures; and,

C. Attitude: shows behavior and ways to preserve our planet Earth.

Portfolio Goal Setting

Using the Portfolio Assessment Template provided by your teacher along with this
exemplar, accomplish now your weekly goal setting. Refer to the objectives above. Think of
positive and realistic goals that you can considerably achieve with this exemplar. List them as
your plans. Remember: Do not proceed with this exemplar unless you have accomplished
your goal setting.

What I Know

Multiple Choice.
Direction:
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is the twin planet of Earth.

A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Mars
D. Jupiter

2. It is called the blue planet.

A. Mercury

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 B. Venus
C. Earth
D. Mars

3. The planet that is considered to be our next frontier.

A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Earth
D. Mars

4. How many percent of water found in the Earth?

A. 70%
B. 80%
C. 90 %
D. 100%

5. The second layer of the Earth’s internal structure from the top
A. Inner Core
B. Crust
C.Outer Core
D. Mantle

6. The substance on Earth that supports life

A. Soil
B. Air
C. Water
D. Volcano
7. Which part of the internal structure of the Earth is the hottest?
A. Inner Core
B. Crust
C. Outer Core
D. Mantle

8. What happen when there is an increase of greenhouse gases?

A. Earth becomes colder
B. Earth becomes hotter
C. Earth stays normal
D. Earth becomes bigger

9. The denser part of the Earth’s crust

A. Continental crust
B. Oceanic crust
C. Crustal plate
D. Volcano

10. The crust and the upper part of the mantle make up the _____.
A. Atmosphere
B. Asthenosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. Biosphere

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 What is It
The Earth
The Solar System is composed of 8 planets, asteroid, debris, moons
and the sun. Mercury is the closest and the heat receives exceed that it cannot support life.
The Jovian planets are too far from the sun and it receives limited amount of solar energy that
can support life. Therefore, the 3 remaining planets, Venus, Earth and Mars are the possible
planets that we will compare and find their differences.
The table below shows the different features of the three planets. Let us analyze and
study the table. The highlighted features are the determinant of the three planets whether they
can support life.

Note that:
Escape velocity - minimum speed an object needs to escape a planet's full of gravity.
Surface pressure - atmospheric pressure at a location on the surface of the planet. It is
proportional to the mass of air above the location
Temperature if no GHG - this would be the temperature of the planet without the warming
effect of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse effect is not necessarily undesirable. It is run-away
greenhouse effect which we would like to avoid (e.g. Venus). A planet's temperature is a
function of distance from the Sun but is modified by the amount of greenhouse warming.
Length of day - a function of rotational speed.

Venus
Venus is part of the terrestrial or "rocky" planets. It is considered to be the Earth's
twin planet. It has a very similar size and mass with the Earth. Orbital period and velocity are
related to the planet's distance from the sun. Among the three planets, Venus is the nearest
and Mars is the farthest from the Sun. The rotational speed of Venus is extremely slow.
Venus’s atmosphere is 100 times thicker than Earth’s. It is made almost entirely of
greenhouse gases, making the surface too hot for life. Light energy is a problem if it makes a
planet too hot or if there are too many harmful rays, such as ultraviolet.

Mars
Mars is part of the terrestrial or "rocky" planets. It is called the red planet. Mars is
about half of the Earth's size and the rotational speed of Earth and Mars are very similar.
Mars’ atmosphere is about 1/100th that of Earth’s, too small for significant insulation or
shielding because small planets and moons have insufficient gravity to hold an atmosphere.

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The gas molecules escape to space, leaving the planet or moon without an insulating blanket
or a protective shield. There is recent evidence that liquid water, in the form of brine (salty
water) flows intermittently on the surface of Mars. Scientists are now looking for signs of
Thermophiles - bacteria that can tolerate extreme temperatures (41 to 122 0C) commonly
associated with hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Why Earth supports life?

1. Earth is a part of the terrestrial or "rocky" planets. The composition and densities are not
too different from Venus and Mars.
2. Earth’s atmosphere is about 100 miles thick. It keeps the surface warm & protects it from
radiation & small- to medium-sized meteorites.
3. Because of its distance from the sun the temperature range of -15oC to 115oC. In this
range, liquid water can still exist under certain conditions.
4. With a steady input of either light or chemical energy, cells can run the chemical reactions
necessary for life. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis but some organism are able to
extract energy from other sources (chemosynthetic organisms)
5. Earth has a water cycle, an atmosphere, and volcanoes to circulate nutrients. Those with a
water cycle or volcanic activity can transport and replenish the chemicals required by living
organisms.
6. On Earth, nutrients are cycled through the hydrologic cycle and plate tectonics
(volcanism).
7. Abundance of liquid water on Earth, hence the blue color. The Earth is a habitable planet.

The Internal Structure of the Earth

The Crust
The Crust is the outside layer of the earth and is made of solidrock, mostly basalt and
granite. There are two types of crust; oceanic and continental. Oceanic crust is denser and
thinner and mainly composed of basalt. Continental crust is less dense, thicker, and mainly
composed of granite. The crust is consists of all kinds of rocks, soil and everything in the
Earth’s surface. It is 100 km thick from the surface of the Earth. A boundary separating the
crust and the mantle called Moho.

The Mantle

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 The Mantle lies below the crust and is up to 2900 km thick and it makes up about
83% of Earth’s interior.  It consists of hot, dense, iron and magnesium-rich solid rock. The
crust and the upper part of the mantle make up the lithosphere, which is broken into plates,
both large and small. The mantle temperature can reach up to 4,000 degree Celsius. A layer
of weak, ductile rock in the mantle situated below the lithosphere is called Asthenosphere.

The Core
The Core is the center of the earth and is made up of two parts: the liquid outer core
and solid inner core. The outer core is made of nickel, iron and molten rock. Temperatures
here can reach up to 50,000 degree Celsius. The transfer of heat by mass movement or
circulation of a substance is called Convection where heat from the core goes up to the crust.
During an earthquake, an elastic shock wave that travels outward in all directions is produce
in the form of Seismic waves.

What I Can Do 1

Activity I

Direction:
Read the sentences below and identify if the statement describes the planet
Venus, Earth or Mars. Write it on your activity notebook.
1. It is considered to be the Earth's twin planet.
2. The rotational speed is extremely slow.
3. It is about half of the Earth's size.
4. It is made almost entirely of greenhouse gases, making the surface too hot for life.
5. Nutrients are cycled through the hydrologic cycle and plate tectonics.

6. The gas molecules escape to space, leaving the planet or moon without an
insulating blanket or a protective shield.
7. With a steady input of either light or chemical energy, cells can run the chemical
reactions necessary for life.
8. Atmosphere is about 100 miles thick. It keeps the surface warm & protects it from
radiation & small- to medium-sized meteorites.
9. It is called the red planet.
10. Abundance of liquid water.

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 What I Can Do 2

Activity: Discussion

Direction:
Give a brief and concise answer for the following questions. Write it on your activity
notebook.

1. Why Venus is not suited for us humans to live?

2. What are Mars features that it is considered habitable?

3. How Earth sustains life?

What I Can Do 3

Direction:
Draw and label the Earth’s Internal Structure

What I Have Learned

Activity I - Multiple Choice

Direction:
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Greenhouse gases are essential because

A. they make planet hotter.
B. they help to make the days longer.
C. they block solar energy and make our atmosphere.
D. they make water and make the rotation of the planet faster.
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2. What is the process where heat radiates from the core to the crust?
A. Condensation
B. Convection
C. Precipitation
D. Evaporation

3. Mars may sustain life long ago because of ____.

A. discovery of its atmosphere
B. discovery of landforms
C. presence of Martians
D. presence of brine

4. The following are the reasons why Earth supports life EXCEPT
A. Presence of water
B. Its atmosphere
C. Have gaseous surface
D. Its distance from the sun

5. Why inner core is hard to reach?

A. because of water present
B. because of Earth’s gravity
C. because of heat and distance
D. It is not hard to reach

6. Why Jovian planets cannot support life?

A. They are made of gas and ice
B. They are made of solid materials
C. Because they are near the sun
D. Because they are at war

7. The boundary between crust and mantle is called

A. Plate boundary
B. Moho
C. Apex boundary
D. Trench

8. Why Mars has an atmosphere that cannot protect or shield the planet?
A. Because of its greenhouse gases
B. Because of its location and distance
C. It has insufficient gravity to hold an atmosphere
D. Its atmosphere is about 100 miles thick

9. It composes most of the Earth’s internal structure?

A. Mantle
B. Crust
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core

10. Which of the statement describe the similarity of Venus, Earth and Mars?

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 A. They have same size
B. They have water
C. They have same temperature
D. They are terrestrial planet

Activity 2

Direction:
Write five reasons of increasing greenhouse gases and ways to prevent global
warming. Write it on your activity notebook.

Reasons of Increasing Ways to Prevent

Greenhouse Gases Global Warming

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 Answers Key

What I Can Do 1 What I Can Do 2 What I Can Do 3

I – What I am? 1. Venus is part of the terrestrial or "rocky"

planets. It is considered to be the Earth's
1. VENUS twin planet. It has a very similar size and
2. VENUS mass with the Earth. Orbital period and
3. MARS velocity are related to the planet's distance
4. VENUS from the sun. Among the three planets,
5. EARTH Venus is the nearest and Mars is the farthest
6. MARS from the Sun. The rotational speed of Venus
7. EARTH is extremely slow. Venus’s atmosphere is
8. EARTH 100 times thicker than Earth’s. It is made
9. MARS almost entirely of greenhouse gases, making
10. EARTH the surface too hot for life.Light energy is a
problem if it makes a planet too hot or if
there are too many harmful rays, such as
ultraviolet.

What I Have Learned

2. Mars is part of the terrestrial or "rocky"
planets.There is recent evidence that liquid Activity 1
water, in the form of brine (salty water)
flows intermittently on the surface of Mars. 1. C
2. B
3. Earth’s atmosphere is about 100 miles 3. D
What I Know
thick. It keeps the surface warm & protects 4. C
it from radiation & small- to medium-sized 5. C
1. B
meteorites. 6. A
2. C
3. Because of its distance from the sun, 7. B
3. D
liquid water can still exist under certain 8. C
4. A
conditions.With a steady input of either 9. A
5. D
light or chemical energy, cells can run the 10. D
6. C
chemical reactions necessary for life.Earth
7. A
has a water cycle, an atmosphere, and
8. B
volcanoes to circulate nutrients. Activity 2
9. B
10. C 1 Burning of fossil fuels

2 Increase animal production

3 Deforestation

4 Improper waste disposal

5 Increase urbanization

1 Tree planting

2 Proper waste disposal

3 Recycling

12 4 Use of mass transport

5 Use of renewable energy

 Portfolio Completion – Your Growth Clue!

You now go back to your portfolio and work on the other components that follow
your Goal Setting. Remember that your portfolio is a deliberate collection of your works
with the help of the exemplar. Highlighting your efforts here enables you to see and reflect on
your growth and achievement and your ability to establish goals just to learn. Upon
completion of your portfolio, please be guided of the rubric below.

Rubric for Portfolio Assessment

References

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Senior High School Teaching Guide – Earth and Life Science

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd Surigao del Sur Division – Schools District of _____________

Address: _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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