Introduction to the

Philosophy
of the Human Person
First Quarter – Week 1
Philosophical Reflection on Situations with
a Holistic Perspective!
Philosophy – Grade 11/12
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) – Based Exemplar
Quarter 1– Week 1: Doing Philosophy
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary
for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among
other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this exemplar are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development and Quality Assurance Teams

Writer: Faisal L. Siega
Illustrator: ______________
Layout Artist: ____________
Language Editor: Arah Jane T. Patiňo
Content Evaluator: Rolinda L. Vete
Layout Evaluator: Mae Ann C. Cortel
Management Team: Unit 2 PSDS/PSDIC

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Rationale

Project PPE (Portfolio Predicate on Exemplar) is a backup contingency response

of the Schools Division of Surigao del Sur for learning delivery and learning resource
which parallel to the on-going endeavors of the higher offices in the Department.
It is the utilization of a lesson exemplar that is streamlined in a teacher-and-learner-
friendly format to cater to the new classroom setup in light of the COVID-19 health
crisis. These exemplars will be paired with a self-contained and self-instructional
portfolio.

The portfolio is a deliberate collection of works that highlight a learner’s effort that
would enable the him/her to see his/her growth and achievement, ability to
reflect on his/her own work and ability to establish goals for future learning.

Introductory Message

For the teacher:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person- Grade 11/12-
First Quarter Exemplar on Philosophical Reflection on Situation with a Holistic
Perspective!

This exemplar was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from different schools in the Division to assist you in helping the learners
meet the standards anchored on Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
set by the Department while overcoming the constraints in schooling brought by
the COVID-19 pandemic.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

As a teacher, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this exemplar
in the most fit modality. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning through portfolio assessments.

For the learner:

Welcome to the (Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade

11/12 - First Quarter) Exemplar on Philosophical Reflection on Situation with a
Holistic Perspective!

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This exemplar was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner, either at home or in school. To help you with this, this exemplar comes with
a Weekly Portfolio Assessment. Your teacher will provide you with a template and
you will be given a privilege to organize the portfolio in your own creative way.

This exemplar has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the competencies

What I Need to Know
you are expected to learn in the module and
the objectives you are expected to realize.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
What I Know
what you already know about the lesson to
take.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This section provides activities which will help
What I Can Do (1,2 & 3)
you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This task aims to evaluate your level of mastery

What I Have Learned
in achieving the learning objectives.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

This contain instructions about recording your

Portfolio Goal Setting
positive, realistic goals before going through this
exemplar.
This contain instructions about completing the
Portfolio Completion -Your
components of the portfolio. This also includes a
Growth Clue!
rubric to guide you of how your portfolio will be
assessed.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this exemplar.

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 What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective. (PPT11/12-Ib-1.4)

Sub-competency:
Recall a past experience to reflect in doing philosophy

Objectives:

After going through this exemplar, you are expected to:

A. Knowledge: recall a past experience to reflect in doing

philosophy;

B. Skill: demonstrate understanding on the significance of

philosophical reflection on a certain situation applying holistic
perspective; and

C. Attitude: reflect on the possible consequences if decisions in life

affect one’s holistic perspective

Portfolio Goal Setting

Using the Portfolio Assessment Template provided by your teacher along

with this exemplar, accomplish now your weekly goal setting. Refer to the
objectives above. Think of positive and realistic goals that you can
considerably achieve with this exemplar. List them as your plans. Remember:
Do not proceed with this exemplar unless you have accomplished your goal
setting.

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 What I Know

Direction: In the image below answer the following questions provided to

you. Write your answer in the journal notebook.

1. What is your own interpretation below about primary and

secondary image?

What is It?

What is philosophical reflection?

Philosophical reflection is the act of giving time to think about the
meaning and purpose of life. It is an important human activity in which people
recapture their experience, think about it, mull over & evaluate it. And it is a
form of experience. There are two types of philosophical reflection according
to Gabriel Marcel namely primary and secondary reflection.
Primary reflection is a kind of thinking that calculates, analyzes, or recounts
past events. In this way, primary reflection is a fragmented and
compartmentalized thinking. For Gabriel Marcel primary reflection cannot be
a genuine thinking because it failed to make sense of the whole, of the mystery
of life. In other words, primary reflection is selfish thinking because it is
instrumental thinking. As we already know, instrumental thinking is a “means-

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end” kind of thinking. Applied to human relations, instrumental thinking thinks
only of what it can practically get in a relationship.
For example, one may establish a relationship or friendship with somebody
who is rich so that she may be able to borrow money in times of need.
Secondary reflection, on the other hand, is characterized by the act
recapturing the unity of the original experience by gathering back together
what has been separated by primary reflection. Thus, secondary reflection
allows us to think holistically. In this way, secondary reflection enables us to
integrate our fragmented and compartmentalized experience into a coherent
whole. This gives us the impression that secondary reflection for Marcel is
genuine or unselfish thinking. For example, here, the human person establishes
a relationship with the other not because of what she can get, but is premised
on the idea that the other is a human person that deserves respect, care and
love.
What we can infer from the above discussion is that philosophical reflection
provides us with a holistic picture of reality. Thus, philosophical reflection as a
tool in doing philosophy enables us to see the interconnectedness and
interdependence of peoples, actions and events, as well as our direct relation
to them. Indeed, philosophical reflection as a tool in doing philosophy allows
as to deepen our understanding of ourselves, as well as our role and place in
the world.

How does one engage in reflection?

Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts,
feelings, and actions and learn more about one’s life and experiences.
Reflecting on situations, activities and decisions enables a person to gain
insights that will help in effective decision-making.

Importance of Philosophical Reflection

Philosophical reflection is the process by which a person undergoes a
reflective state or evaluates his or her experiences first before making any
related action. This will lead the person to look deeper into experience using
holistic perspective and in effect actions are directed towards greater sources
of wisdom and truth.

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Examples:
-Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again
-Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
-Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion

Doing philosophical reflection can be applied in day-to-day activities

and life perspectives. Because it involves an evaluative process, doing
philosophy allows a person to make better decisions and act accordingly to
situations with the help of various philosophical skills.
In the process of doing philosophical reflection, it is critical to have a
holistic point of view-the perception of looking at all aspects of situation first
before making a conclusion.
Reflection happens due to an occurrence of a phenomenon that is a
break from the daily normal life. If the phenomenon involves something that is
valuable to me then, the reflection becomes a personal act where no one can
reflect for oneself but oneself. If the watch was not valuable to me in the first
place no reflection would have occurred for it would just have been
something that occurred and not something that one would call as an
experience.

What I Can Do 1
I learned from the Past!

Direction: Simply recall a past experience in your life that gave you the
hardest point in decision –making that almost led you to despair. Write it in
your journal notebook in a form of a short essay by following the guide
questions below.
1. Do you agree with the statement below?
2. How did you come up to a realization that life needs a broader and
holistic perspective especially in making decisions in life?
3. What insights can you get from this statement based on your
experience?

“Broadening Your Perspective Can Be Life Enhancing”

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Rubric: Writing an Essay
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Strong Good Introduction
introduction introduction Introduction and
and and and conclusion
Introduction conclusion conclusion conclusion Missing or
and showing clear showing some needs to be weak
Conclusion understanding understanding clearer
of the topic. of the topic
Point well
summarized in
the
conclusion
Outstanding Good Sentences Sentences
well- sentences and are illogical
constructed and paragraphs and does not
Body sentences paragraphs used to support the
and used to convey the topic
paragraphs convey information
used to information need to be
convey constructed
information in a more
logical way

Format
Outstanding Good Format, requires Not the
Organization format, neat writing. some work, correct
and Style excellence Ideas not writing format. With
neat writing, always to could be poor letter
clear and purpose neater. formation
purposeful Purpose not
always
clear
No spelling Only a few Multiple
mistakes, spelling spelling
Vocabulary Excellence mistakes have mistakes Many spelling
and Spelling, use of been made. have been mistakes
punctuatin vocabulary Good use of made. Use made.
vocabulary. of Vocabulary
Punctuation Vocabulary needs
mostly could be improvement.
correct. better Punctuation
Punctuation Hardly
mistakes correct.
evident

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 What I Can Do 2
Self-Reflection!
Direction: Write a short reflection of the image shown below in showing holistic
perspective in life. Follow the format (Introduction, Content or
body, Conclusion).

Things to do:
1. Craft a reflection theme in the image shown. Like for example: a
reflection on “Poverty is not a hindrance to success”.
2. What is your own perspective on the image shown?
3. How do you apply broad perspective to the reality that you have
seen in the image?
4. What is your own conclusion of the image shown?

https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-little-children-sharing-food-together-image49900151

Rubric
Criteria Exceptional Proficient No credit
2 1 0
Clearly state the Implies but does not Does not state the
purpose of the activity clearly state the purpose of the activity
Focus purpose of the activity
Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Lack of reflective
thorough self-reflective reflective analysis analysis and details
Content analysis including the supported by details
specific and illustrative
details
Organization Presents the reflection Presents a reflection in Presents the reflection
on a compelling, a well-organized in a poor organized
highly organized manner manner
manner
Use articulate and Use appropriate Lack the appropriate
appropriate language, word language, word
sophisticated choice, sentence choice and sentence
Convention language and words. structure structure
Sentence structure Grammar
Grammar Punctuation
Punctuation Mechanics
Mechanics

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 What I Can Do 3

What is my Consequence?

Direction: Supply the following box below by identifying the consequences if

you apply or not holistic perspective in your actions or decisions. Write your
answer in your journal notebook.

Actions/Decisions Consequences
a student studying his or her lesson
a student who cheats in the exam
a student taking illegal drugs
a student who sleeps late at night
a student who did not do his/her
assignment
a student who disrespects teachers
a student who works hard in his/her
studies
a student who comes to school on
time
a student who participates in school
activities
a student who bullies another student
in school.

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 What I Have Learned

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer in your journal notebook.

1. How would you describe “philosophical reflection as the act of giving

time to think about the meaning and purpose of life”?
A. It is a human activity that recaptures our own experience in life.
B. It is a form of meditation about the purpose of life.
C. It is a manifestation that we have a purpose in this world.
D. It is a clear explanation of what is our purpose in life.

2. Who proposed the two kinds of reflection?

A. Socrates B. Gabriel Marcel C. Plato D. Aristotle

3. How would you rephrase the meaning of primary reflection as a kind of

thinking that calculates, analyzes, or recounts past events?
A. It is a kind of thinking that only addresses personal needs.
B. It is a kind of thinking based on the calculated analysis of one self.
C. It is a kind of thinking that helps one understand the self.
D. It is a kind of thinking that recognizes the need of other.

4. What can you say about Primary reflection as “instrumental thinking”?

A. Primary reflection is a tool to understand one’s need.
B. Primary reflection is a tool to answer only the practical need of the
person.
C. Primary reflection is a tool to reflect on one’s need.
D. Primary reflection is a tool to satisfy one’s need.

5. What is meant by secondary reflection as characterized by the act

recapturing the unity of the original experience by gathering back
together what has been separated by primary reflection?
A. Secondary reflection is better than primary reflection.
B. Secondary reflection completes primary reflection.
C. Secondary reflection sees experience from different perspective.
D. Secondary reflection is an answer to all our questions about life.

6. What concrete example can you find in the primary reflection?

A. You help your friends in doing their assignments.
B. You study hard to get excellent grades in the end.
C. You help others so that they will also help you in times of need.
D. You come to school on time to study for the math quiz.

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7. What conclusions can be drawn from this statement “Secondary
reflection allows us to think holistically”?
A. Secondary reflection leads us to whole understanding of our
experience.
B. Secondary reflection points out the importance of holistic
perspective in our experience
C. Secondary reflection offers us broad perspective of our
experience in life.
D. Secondary reflection emphasizes the concept of holistic
perspective in looking at our life in broader sense.

8. What would be the result if we do not apply secondary reflection in our

actions?
A. We lost grip of the very essence of our own experience and how
it can change us to be better.
B. We become selfish by only satisfying our personal needs in life.
C. We will never reach to the point of knowing ourselves better.
D. We remain hopeless to the things that we failed to do in our life

9. How is primary reflection related to secondary reflection based on

experience?
A. It connects you to understand deeper some issues and problems
in your life.
B. It leads you to have a full grasped of your own experience in life.
C. It opens up a new perspective in looking at problems in life.
D. It gives you clear explanation of your problem in life.

10. What theme can you make from the sentence below?
“Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts,
feelings, and actions and learn more about one’s life and experiences.
A. Reflection is the key to understanding one self.
B. Reflection is the wisdom of the old.
C. Reflection is an awareness of one’s life.
D. Reflection is answer to all our questions in life.

11. How would you summarize this statement “Philosophical reflection is the
process by which a person undergoes a reflective state or evaluates his
or her experiences first before making any related action”?
A. Philosophical reflection centers on evaluating one’s action before
any action to be made.
B. Philosophical reflection emphasizes the importance of evaluating
actions before any plan of action.
C. Philosophical reflection demands an action to be evaluated
before any action.
D. Philosophical reflection considers evaluating ones action before
making any decision.

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12. How would you justify this statement “Reflection happens due to an
occurrence of a phenomenon that is a break from the daily normal life”?
A. Experience is the determining factor why we need to reflect or
have a break from the usual routine.
B. Experience is the best teacher after all that awakens us to stop
and reflect for a while.
C. Experience leads us to understand that we need to take a break
from our normal life.
D. Experience opens a new door to look into the deeper aspect of
our life.

13. What would you recommend to emphasize the importance of

philosophical reflection to arrive at the broad perspective in life?
A. The person should be in a reflective mode all the time.
B. The person should be humble to learn from past mistakes and
learn from those mistakes.
C. The person should consult a friend and share his/her problems,
D. The person should be critical in his/her actions and think deeper
about it.

14. Based on what you know about philosophical reflection, how would you
explain this statement, “Learning from your previous mistakes and not
repeating them again”?
A. Do not do it again and move on.
B. Reflect deeply about previous mistakes.
C. Learn some important lessons from previous mistakes.
D. Distance yourself from those past mistakes and move on.

15. What would happen if philosophical reflection is not applied among our
leaders in the country in terms of decision making and learning from their
past mistakes?
A. Our leaders will become selfish in their decision making and will
not learn from their mistakes.
B. Our leaders will become great and committed to serve out
country.
C. Our leaders will make bad decisions based on their ideas and
opinions on a particular issue or problem.
D. Our leaders will make good decision based on their own judgment
of the problems in our country.

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14
What I Have What I Can I Do What I Can Do 1
Learned 2
1. A Self –reflection Activity Self- reflection Activity
2. B
3. A
4. B
What I Can I Do
5. C 3
6. C
7. D Answers may vary
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. C
Answer Key
 Portfolio Completion – Your Growth Clue!

You now go back to your portfolio and work on the other components
that follow your Goal Setting. Remember that your portfolio is a deliberate
collection of your works with the help of the exemplar. Highlighting your efforts
here enables you to see and reflect on your growth and achievement and
your ability to establish goals just to learn. Upon completion of your portfolio,
please be guided of the rubric below.

Rubric for Portfolio Assessment

LEVELS
Criteria Novice (1-3) Apprentice (4-6) Proficient (7-8) Distinguished (9-10) Score
1. Goal Setting Sets sloppy goals, Sets some goals Sets general goals Sets clearly defined
not realistic for and processes that and processes that goals that are
ability nor level of are positive and are positive and attainable and growth-
development. realistic. realistic oriented
2. Test Self Shows little Shows adequate Shows good Shows very good and
Evaluation evidence of evidence of evidence of clear evidence of
reflection and self- reflection and self- reflection and self- reflection and self-
assessment. assessment. assessment. assessment with
documentation.
3. The Philosopher Provides little Provides adequate Provides good Provides clear
in Me evidence of growth evidences of performance or evidence of
and achievement. growth and general performance or
achievement. improvement in continued
achievement. improvement in
achievement.
4. My Best Test 75 - 78 79-85 86-91 92-100
5. Philosopher Links most of the Links a number of Links analysis to the Links analysis to the
Watch analysis to the analysis to the lessons properly. lessons completely.
lessons lessons slightly.
inadequately.
6. “Philosophical Explains the Explains the Explains the Explains the
Inquiry” misconception and misconception and misconception and misconception and
the concept the concept the concept the concept aptly.
inadequately. somewhat. adequately.
7. Real-Life Indicates little Indicates adequate Indicates clear Indicates distinct
Connection evidence of evidence of evidence of evidence of
(optional) creativity/analytical creativity/analytical creativity/analytical creativity/analytical
work. work. work. work.
[1-2] [3] [4] [5]
8. Overall Submits some of Submits most of Presents all items in Presents thorough,
Presentation the items in a the items. Portfolio a chronological clear and complete
disorganized form. is well presented. form. Portfolio is items. Portfolio is neat
Portfolio looks well organized. and elegant.
slapdash.
9. Prompt Submits late (5-6 Submits late (3-4 Submits late (1-2 Submits on time.
Submission. days). days). days).
Total

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References
(2010). Retrieved July 19, 2020, from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.ent/mikethess/introduction-to-the-philosophy-of-the-human-
person

The Philosophy of the Human Person. (2016). Retrieved July 20, 2020, from Department of
Education: https://www.depedvcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-PhiloAS-v1.0.pdf

Solomon, R. a. (2016). The Bign Questions: A short Introduction to Philosophy. Eight Edition,
Wadsworth, Engage Learning.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd Surigao del Sur Division – Schools District of _____________

Address: _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Contact Number:
Email Address:

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