IEEE REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE TECNOLOGIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, VOL. 9, NO.

3, AUGUST 2014 91

Cooperative Development of an Arduino-Compatible

Building Automation System for the Practical
Teaching of Electronics
María del Carmen Currás-Francos, Javier Diz-Bugarín, Juan Ramón García-Vila, and Angel Orte-Caballero

Abstract— This paper presents a cooperative project developed

by a network of schools and company of different regions of
Spain. The project consisted in the development of a home and
building automation system for practical teaching in vocational
training. The system is based on the Arduino platform to allow
the easy development of new applications and hardware modules.
This paper also presents the first experiences of practical use at
schools. The project has been granted by the Spanish Ministry
of Education.
Index Terms— Home automation, Arduino, vocational training.

I. I NTRODUCTION

T HE new regulation of Vocational Training in Spain has

introduced important changes that affect all special-
ties. In Electricity and Electronics there are new contents
about Building Automation that need specific equipment and
teachers training.
To promote the development of innovative solutions to this
problem, in April 2011 the Ministry of Education of Spain
made a call for projects of applied innovation and knowledge
transfer in vocational training (BOE April 27 [1]).
This call provided an opportunity of cooperation between
educational institutions and companies to make research, inno-
vation and technology transfer. It was also an opportunity for
teachers to meet colleagues with similar concerns and interests.
After an initial stage of contacts through Internet, finally a
working group was configured by high schools and a company
of four different regions of Spain (Fig. 1) coordinated by
Prof. Carmen Currás of IES Escolas Proval (Nigrán, Gali-
cia). The project was named ‘Development of a Building
Automation System with Arduino Platform,’ also known as
SIPA project. This project was approved by Resolution of
October 21, 2011 (BOE October 26 [2]), with a budget of
EUR 295,453.44 and had to be completed within 12 months.
Manuscript received March 28, 2014; revised June 15, 2014; accepted
June 23, 2014. Date of publication July 25, 2014; date of current version
July 25, 2014. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education
and in part by the European Social Fund through the Applied Innovation and
Knowledge Transfer Project entitled Development of Building Automation
System with Arduino Platform [2].
M. C. Currás-Francos and J. Diz-Bugarín are with the Department of Elec-
tronics, IES Escolas Proval, Nigrán E-36350, Spain (e-mail: carmencurras@
edu.xunta.es; javier.diz@edu.xunta.es).
J. R. García-Vila is with Ictel Ingenieros S.L., Vigo E-36214, Spain (e-mail:
jvila@ictel.com).
A. Orte-Caballero is with the Department of Electronics, IES Vallecas I,
Madrid E-28038, Spain (e-mail: angelorte@iesvallecasuno.es).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/RITA.2014.2340015
1932-8540 © 2014 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of the project partners.
The working group was composed by 9 educational institu-
tions: IES Escolas Proval (Nigrán, Pontevedra), IES Vallecas I
(Madrid), Escuelas Profesionales Padre Piquer (Madrid), IES
El Burgo de las Rozas (Madrid), IES Universidad Laboral
(Albacete), IES Herminio Almendros (Almansa, Albacete),
IES Tirant Lo Blanc (Gandía, Valencia), Centro de FP
Juan XXIII (Alcorcón, Madrid), Colegio Montecastelo (Vigo,
Pontevedra) and the company ICtel Ingenieros S.L. (Vigo,
Pontevedra) as a technological partner.
II. P ROJECT D ESCRIPTION
Building Automation Systems can use both centralized and
distributed topologies [3]. Centralized systems are typical
in home automation, with a small control unit and a lim-
ited amount of external connections. Distributed systems are
typically used in more complex systems (buildings or facto-
ries) and use different communication protocols like KNX and
LonWorks [4], [5].
This project explores the high potential of the Arduino [6]
platform to develop an automation system aimed at training
students in microcontrollers, programming in C/C++, elec-
tronic design, embedded systems, industrial communication
systems, industrial and object-oriented programming in C#,
NET, JAVA and Python.
This project has helped to share knowledge in the field
of electronics design and has boosted R&D in vocational
training, where there is a human potential with great

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92 IEEE REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE TECNOLOGIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, AUGUST 2014
Fig. 2. View of one of the hardware modules used in the project (gateway
WK-0500).
practical experience. In addition, the project has improved
the training of students by putting them in touch with real
industrial equipment.
The electronic products that have been developed are of
immediate application in education and are available to the
entire educational community through many platforms, as an
example of the integration in this project of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT).
The project has developed a system with great future poten-
tial that could compete in the market with other systems [7]
in the field of home automation and intelligent buildings.
The participation in this project of several technical schools
guarantees the future continuation and improvement of the
obtained results.
III. P ROJECT O BJECTIVES
The overall objective of this project is the development of
a professional home automation system, with relay outputs
for lighting circuits and power systems, and communica-
tion capabilities. The system must be fully compatible and
programmable with the Arduino platform (Fig. 2).
More specific objectives are:
1) Collaborative development of a Building Automation
System based on the Arduino platform for access
control, climate control, lighting control, energy man-
agement, technical alarms and integration with mobile
technologies.
2) Development of a web portal that serves as support for
the project and future use of the contents. The portal
will include a wiki, tutorials, software repositories,
schematics, presentations and videos.
IV. G ENERAL W ORKPLAN
Due to the nature of the project and the geographical
separation of the participants, the need becomes evident to
separate the overall project in parts that can be carried out
independently. Thus, the technical content of the project is
divided into a number of subprojects assigned to each centre.
Although each subproject can be developed independently, an
important requirement of the project is that all parts should
all be able to work together in a single building automation
system that controls all aspects of a building and facilities.
The following tasks are distinguished:
1) Overall coordination centres, project organization, dis-
semination of results.
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2) Development of subprojects. These subprojects will be
joined to form a single integrated system.
3) Development and maintenance of web portal.
4) Edition of a textbook with a didactic approach to the
project contents.
The use of the Internet for communications between the
participating centres, especially for the exchange of technical
information and training, but also there have been face-to-face
meetings to review achievements and correct previsions.
The phases of the project are:
1) Initial meeting for the establishment and drafting of
technical specifications and requirements, allocation of
functions and estimation of technical training needs to
undertake assigned tasks.
2) Implementation of the project’s web platform.
3) Development of different subprojects in each centre,
involving teachers and students.
4) Publication of partial and final results in the web
platform.
5) External consultancy on specific technical aspects of
programming, communications, electronics, etc.
6) Bi-monthly meetings to discuss the project’s progress
and to encourage result dissemination.
V. M ETHODOLOGY AND E VALUATION P LAN
Institutes involved in this project have features, structures
and similar educational offerings in the family of Electricity
and Electronics. For these reasons they can apply the same
methodology.
Initially, the project is aimed at vocational training
specialties ‘Desarrollo de Productos Electrónicos,’ ‘Sistemas
de Telecomunicación e Informáticos’ and ‘Instalaciones de
Telecomunicaciones,’ with subjects like ‘Desarrollo de Proyec-
tos de Productos Electrónicos,’ ‘Desarrollo y construcción de
Prototipos Electrónicos,’ ‘Técnicas de Programación,’ ‘Sis-
temas Operativos y Lenguajes de Programación’ and ‘Instala-
ciones Domóticas.’
For the development of each subproject we have followed
these steps:
1. Analyzing documentation, information and regulations.
2. Detailing the specifications of each subproject.
3. Proposing solutions. Technologies that will be used.
4. Selecting components.
5. Developing schemes of the solution.
6. Simulation of designed circuits.
7. Developing programs.
8. Building and assembly of prototypes.
9. Supervision of assembly. Test and measurement.
10. Determining the quality and reliability tests.
11. Developing technical documentation: reports, bill of
materials, schematics, assembly and service manuals.
12. Publishing results on the web platform.
13. Writing the memory of project.
The evaluation of the project has been made through
bimonthly meetings, in addition to these meetings, the coordi-
nator has taken control of the work performed in each centre,
and has helped to overcome the difficulties that have arisen.
CURRÁS-FRANCOS et al.: COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARDUINO-COMPATIBLE BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
VI. U SE OF ICT AND W EB P LATFORM
The web page of the project has been based on
Moodle [8] in order to organize the information in a format
of online course. The various subprojects are available in the
repository created for this purpose in GitHub [9], which can
also be accessed via the learning platform. In addition the
project intends to use of different forms of communication
like social networking (Facebook, Twitter and Linked-In), as
well as to develop building automation control applications for
mobile phones with Android and Apple iOS operating system.
Some of the participants in the project have built their own
web pages for specific parts of the projects [10]–[19].
VII. D ISTRIBUTION OF TASKS B ETWEEN C ENTRES
The distribution of tasks has been made flexibly, so that
it can be modified during development in response to needs,
preferences, or better adaptation to the characteristics of each
centre.
The distribution of projects has been made so that the
centres need to exchange information to continue developing
their respective subprojects.
Although each centre has been assigned a specific subpro-
ject it has been taken into account that each development is
part of a global system. Each centre has been encouraged to
test the developments of others and validate the integration of
all parts.
Also, each centre has to perform its own didactic approach
to elaborate the documentation and integrate it into the
project’s website and the textbook.
The project has the participation of the company Ictel
Ingenieros. This company has a proven experience for over
10 years in the development of building automation and smart
home projects, both in the tertiary sector and in residential
housing. It also has extensive experience in electronic and
software development.
This company has assigned a senior technician for this
project, taking charge of the following functions:
• Teacher training in the basic technologies for the develop-
ment of building automation system: Arduino platform,
communication protocols, programming and debugging
tools, required system functionality, etc.
• Support of centres for one year in all technological
aspects of the project.
• Unification of program structures, source code, schemat-
ics.
• Validation and testing of the various subprojects. Support
in all developments.
• Creation and maintenance for a year of the web portal
that supports the project and its dissemination.
• Participation in bimonthly meetings.
VIII. S UBPROJECTS
The distribution of the various subprojects among partici-
pating centres was performed as follows, grouped by themes:
1. Energy efficiency subprojects:
- Design of a control system for lighting and energy
management: IES Herminio Almendros (Almansa).
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93
- Control of air conditioning systems: Centro de
Formación Padre Piquer (Madrid).
2. Comfort subprojects:
- Design of a control system for blinds and sunshades:
IES El Burgo de las Rozas (Madrid).
- Design of an electronic purse: IES Escolas Proval
(Nigrán).
3. Security subprojects:
- Design of an alarm management system: IES
Vallecas I (Madrid).
- Design of a RFID access control system: Universi-
dad Laboral (Albacete).
- Design of an assistance and surveillance control
system: IES Tirant Lo Blanc (Gandía).
4. Communications subprojects:
- Embedded web design: Colegio Montecastelo
(Vigo).
- iOS and Android apps: Centro de F. P. Juan XXIII
(Madrid).
The characteristics of each of the subprojects and an
example of development are explained below:
A. Autonomous RFID Access Control System
This subproject consists of an autonomous access control
system with RFID modules of 125 KHz or 13.56 MHz, with
the following features:
1. Compatible with any commercial electric door opener.
Relay output: 10A. Power supply: 24VDC.
2. Up to 200 users per door.
3. Configuration without PC or portable terminal.
4. Aesthetic integration. Fits any standard electric box.
5. Master card for permissions management and
registration of new users.
B. RFID Access Control System With
Bus Communications
This subproject consists of an access control system with
RFID modules of 125 KHz or 13.56 MHz, with the same
features as the autonomous system and a communication port
that implements Modbus RTU protocol. This protocol is an
open communications system that can manage 128 receivers
without repeaters, and can be connected with the rest of the
modules of the general automation system.
C. Assistance and Surveillance Control System
This subproject is based in 125KHz contactless technology
with the following features:
1. 24 VDC power supply.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU/TCP with a
maximum of 128 receivers, integrated with the general
automation system.
3. Specific software for the management of users, timeta-
bles, surveillance frequencies and generation of reports
of different types (PDF, MS Excel and OpenOffice).
94 IEEE REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE TECNOLOGIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, AUGUST 2014
D. Control System for Blinds and Sunshades
This subproject has the following features:
1. 230 VAC Power supply.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU with a maximum of
128 receivers, integrated with the general automation
system.
3. Single or group control from any point.
E. Control of Air Conditioning System
This subproject has the following features:
1. 24 VDC Power supply.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU, integrated with the
general automation system.
3. Integrated LCD display for control and operation.
4. Control of 3-way valves for installations of 2 or 4 pipes.
5. Remote or local temperature sensor.
F. Lighting Control System
This subproject has the following features:
1. 24 VDC Power supply.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU/TCP with a
maximum of 128 receivers, integrated with the general
automation system.
3. Control of fluorescent or incandescent lamps, electronic
dimmers, 0-10V analog regulators or relay outputs for
non-dimmable lamps.
G. Energy Management System
This subproject has the following features:
1. 24 VDC or 230 VAC Power supply.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU/TCP with a
maximum of 128 receivers, integrated with the general
automation system.
3. Allows real time control of electrical parameters
(voltage, intensity, power factor).
4. Development of software for graphical representation of
registered values, threshold values, exportation of tables
and graphs and alarm management by email or sms.
H. Alarm and Maintenance System
This subproject has the following features:
1. Digital inputs and analog 0-10 V, 4-20 mA, PT-100 and
thermocouple.
2. Communications by Modbus RTU/TCP with a
maximum of 128 receivers, integrated with the general
automation system.
3. Alarm management (water or gas leak, fire, intrusion
and user-defined alarms).
4. Development of software to make reports and graphs
in different formats (PDF, MS Excel, OpenOffice),
configuration of alarms, messages, user management and
preventive maintenance.
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I. Electronic Purse System
This subproject has the following features:
1. RFID card-based electronic purse.
2. The user can load or check his balance in a computer
application.
3. The balance of the card can be used for different services
(purchasing, computer services). The system must check
the available balance and subtract the amount of the
transaction.
J. Applications for Remote Management
This subproject will develop a set of iOS, Android and
Python script applications for remote management. The objec-
tive is to control the building automation system with iOS
devices (iPhone/iPad), Android phones or even XBMC (Xbox)
systems. It is also planned to publish these applications on
AppStore and Android Market as a means of dissemination of
the project.
K. Embedded Web Server
This subproject consists in the implementation of a web
server for monitoring and acting on the elements connected to
the automation system.
As an example of the development of subprojects we have
chosen the subproject “electronic purse”. This system allows
the use of a RFID card as a payment system within a building.
The hardware needed is a system master (0500 Winkhel
module) which can be connected to RFID card readers (0200
Winkhel modules). The RFID cards are enabled on the master
system from a computer with TCP -IP connection. The card
balance is recorded in the EEPROM of the master. Each time
the card passes through a RFID reader module a fixed amount
is deducted in the master.
This subproject has been done by the team of IES Escolas
Proval during 2011-2012. The first stage of development was
the definition of the specifications of the system.
The second stage was the test and development of small
programs to gain practical experience with the modules and
finally the final programs and integration with the overall
system were performed.
IX. P ROJECT P ROGRESS
The evolution of the project over its first year has suffered
some difficulties because of the delay in approving the budget
and receiving the necessary material. During this waiting
period the training phase and task distribution began, for which
different training sessions were held. The technological partner
ICTEL began to work in parallel in the hardware elements
that were used in each subproject, and the preparation of
documents and specific training for the participating centres.
A. Hardware
Winkhel [20] modules developed by ICTEL Ingenieros SL
have both commercial and educational use, being a good
introduction for students to real systems in market. Here are
the modules used in the subprojects:
CURRÁS-FRANCOS et al.: COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARDUINO-COMPATIBLE BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM 95

Fig. 3. Printed circuit board of module WK0100.

1) WK0100: Small controller of general purpose with the

following feature: relay output 10-16A, digital isolated outputs Fig. 4. Photo of the project team after the final meeting at Vigo.
5V-24V, digital inputs, RS-485, USB and I2C communication
ports, DIN rail assembly. Fig. 3 shows the printed circuit board
of the module.
2) WK0200: RFID card reader compatible with any com-
mercial 125 KHz RFID card, reading distance of 5 cm, digital
output with relay for access control and communications by
I2C or RS485 interfaces.
3) WK0300: Motor control module for blinds or sun-
shades. Communication system to manage groups of motors,
85-264VAC power supply, can be installed in the available
space of the existing box.
4) WK0400: Digital interface module with 4 relay out-
puts and 6 isolated digital inputs. Communications interface
RS485 and I2C. Can be connected to WK0200 RFID mod-
ule for access control or building automation. It has also Fig. 5. Teaching application: blind control panel with WK0300 and lighting
a potentiometer and microswitches. control with WK0400.
5) WK0500: Communications gateway with Ethernet, USB,
TTL serial, I2C, RS232 and RS485 ports. Can be used as
gateway or master module of a RS485 system controlled by software libraries for communication via Modbus RTU and
a PC via ethernet. Web server capabilities. 24 VDC power Modbus TCP, Wire and Ethernet. GitHub software repos-
supply. itory was also introduced [22] as a tool for collaborative
6) WK0600: Thermostat module designed for small air work for the next phase of the project. Finally, the overall
conditioning systems in residential or commercial installations. system architecture and data structures and communi-
RS485 bus, 7 analog inputs, 2 analog outputs and 5 digital cation protocols between the different subprojects were
outputs. The controller performs PID control but it can also defined.
be manually controlled. 4) Gandia Meeting (Valencia): This meeting was held on
May 16-18 at IES Tirant lo Blanc of Gandia (Valencia) [23].
The main issue was the presentation of new Winkhel hardware
B. Training and Meetings
modules [20], application examples and final planning of the
The training sessions and follow-up meetings were held in project.
various communities to promote the exchange of experiences: 5) Final Meeting at Vigo: The last meeting of the project
1) Las Rozas Meeting: This meeting was held at IES was held on september 27-28, 2012 at ICTel Ingenieros.
Las Rozas (Madrid) on November 24-26, 2011. The main This meeting served as the presentation of all subpro-
issues were the initial training on the Arduino platform jects and the integration of the whole building automation
and the project learning platform [8]. In addition to this project.
platform, IES Vallecas I also began its own page on the Fig. 4 shows the representatives of the different centres that
project [21]. participated in the project.
2) Training Session at ICTel (Vigo): This meeting was held
on January 20, 2011 at ICTel Ingenieros (Vigo), to complete
different topics treated in the first meeting in Madrid for the C. Practical Teaching Examples
local members of the project. During the final phase of this project (2011-2012) the first
3) Training Session at Montecastelo (Vigo): This meet- practical experiences with students were carried out, which
ing was held in Vigo on February 8-9, 2012. The pur- consisted in the installation and use of small home automation
pose of this meeting was to explain in detail the hardware systems at Escolas Proval Institute. Fig. 5 shows one of these
and software tools needed for the project, like Arduino systems.

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96 IEEE REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE TECNOLOGIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, AUGUST 2014
Fig. 6. Control panel and detail of the real home automation system
implemented at IES Escolas Proval during academic year 2012-13.
During the academic year 2012-2013 a wider implementa-
tion of the project was performed. There has been an extensive
program of practices throughout the academic year and the
installation of building automation systems in the classroom
has been completed as an example of real use to control
lighting, blinds and access. Fig. 6 shows part of the real
installation that was made. Other participating centres have
also made similar experiences.
These experiences have demonstrated the usefulness and
versatility of the system for teaching use, its modularity
and low cost with comparable performance to a professional
system [24], which is especially important in the current eco-
nomic situation of Spain that seriously affects our education
system.
X. C ONCLUSIONS
The initial objectives of this project were achieved in high
degree. The necessary hardware has been developed to serve in
the future for education and to develop commercial products.
Many of the planned modules have been developed; a specific
e-learning platform has been created for the project as well as
software repositories for collaborative work. Throughout the
2011-12 and 2012-13 academic years several experiences have
been applied in the classroom that demonstrated the usefulness
of the system for teaching purposes. The spreading of the
project has been achieved by different means, including an
article published in VAEP-RITA [25].
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María del Carmen Currás-Francos was a
Telecommunications Engineer with the University of
Vigo, Vigo, Spain, in 1993. She received the Ph.D.
degree in telecommunications with European Doc-
torate from the University of Vigo in 2000. She was
a recipient of the Extraordinary Doctorate Award
from the University of Vigo. She has participated in
several national and international research projects,
and has several national and international publi-
cations on modeling and characterization of high-
frequency devices. She was an Associate Professor
with the Department of Electronic Technology, University of Vigo, from 2000
to 2010. She is currently a Professor of Electronics with the Department of
Electronics at IES Escolas Proval, Pontevedra, Spain.
Javier Diz-Bugarín was a Telecommunications
Engineer with the University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
He has been involved in innovation projects related
to lasers, optical metrology, and robotics with the
University of Vigo, the University of Santiago de
Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and
the University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. He
has been a Research and Development Engineer in
Naval Electronics. He received the degree in solar
energy. He has authored publications at national
and international conferences on renewable energies,
microcontrollers, and science education. He is currently a Professor of
Electronics with IES Escolas Proval, Pontevedra, Spain.
CURRÁS-FRANCOS et al.: COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARDUINO-COMPATIBLE BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Juan Ramón García-Vila was a Telecommunica-
tions Engineer with the University of Vigo, Vigo,
Spain, and the CEO of ICtel Ingenieros S.L., Pon-
tevedra, Spain. He has specialized in the design and
development of control and automation electronic
systems. He has led projects related to industrial
automation and communications, hotel management
and automation for tertiary sector, and home automa-
tion for residential.
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97
Angel Orte-Caballero was an Engineer in Indus-
trial Electronics with EUITE, Eibar, Spain, in 1976,
where he was a Professor for 12 years.
He is currently a Professor of Electronic Systems
and the Head of the Professional Family of Electrical
and Electronics with IES I Vallecas, Madrid, Spain.