Impervious layer CIVL 3730 Fundamentals of Geotechnics it (ii) Because ab and de are equipotential lines, all the flow lines intersect them at right angles. (iii) The boundary of the impervious layer-that is, line fg- is a flow line, and so is the surface of the impervious sheet pile, line acd (iv) The equipotential line intersect acd and fg at right angles. 3. Sketch a series of flow lines (four or five) and then sketch an appropriate number of equipotential lines such that the area between a pair of flow lines and a pair of equipotential lines (cell, flow element) is approximately a curvilinear square. You would have to adjust the flow lines and equipotential lines to make curvilinear squares. You should check that the average width and the average length of a cell are approximately equal. You should also sketch the entire flow net before making adjustments. I] _~ Sheet pile Water level