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Chapter Two Steam Condensers: Figure 2.1: Surface Steam Condenser
Chapter Two Steam Condensers: Figure 2.1: Surface Steam Condenser
Chapter Two Steam Condensers: Figure 2.1: Surface Steam Condenser
STEAM CONDENSERS
It can be seen from figure 2.1 that, the exit steam from turbine entering
the top of the condenser vessel and exit from the bottom of the condenser as
condensate and collected at the hotwell. The cooling water enters the water
box to absorb the heat from the steam through the condenser tubes. [2].
4. High vapor velocities can reduce resistance to heat transfer through the
shear effect on the condensate film.
The air cooled condenser is a surface condenser where the air is used as
coolant and a typical forced-draft, air-cooled condenser is depicted
in figure 2.4.
Figure 2.4: Air cooled condenser operating in forced draft mode [2].
2.3 Direct-Contact Condensers
This type is similar to the spray condenser, except that the coolant is
directed to flow over a series of trays in a column. This is shown
schematically in figure 2.7. The vapor is supplied to the bottom of the
column. It has the advantage of countercurrent flow of vapor and coolant,
though care must be taken to avoid flooding. (Flooding is an unstable
condition when the vapor flow is such that the downward flow of
condensate is interrupted and held up [2].
And there is a 3 type of cooling tower for the power plant station;
Disadvantage is Operating costs are high for operating this, but they are
simple and quick for construction.[2].
Figure 2.14: wet cooling tower [2].
There are generally two types of tube cleaning done as online and offline tube
cleaning.
This is the one of the most effective offline cleaning method, here the
condenser is isolated for cleaning purpose. A high pressure water jet with
discharge pr of 600 to 1000 bar through flexible or rigid hoses with nozzle
(Lancers) is used. The lancers with water jet will be inserted throughout the
entire length of the tube so that the scales are completely removed.[2].
Figures 2.15 a-b : Condenser jet cleaning method [2].
2.5.2: Acid Cleaning
Over sized balls are continuously pressed through the tubes to keep
them clean. Balls are pass on one end of tube and collected at the other
end.
A System consists of a ball vessel into which the balls are introduced. “Ball
recalculating pumps” inject these balls into the inlet water pipe of
condenser. These balls are carried by the circulating water to the condenser
tubes. Since we are using oversized balls, the balls are pressed through the
tubes and thus wiping and carrying the deposits . After passing through the
first pass of the condenser, the balls are accumulated in the Reverse
Chamber. Then the balls pass through the second pass of the condenser
tubes and reach the outlet water pipe and collected through screens for re-
circulation.
In online ball cleaning system following factors are taken care as:
This is used to control mussel growth in sea water stations, CW culverts, and
to clean the condenser tubes by drying internal deposits prior to flushing with
water. Heating is achieved by introducing auxiliary steam through the CW
tubes and by reversing the cooling water flow through tubes [2].