HARARE POLYTECHNI

SCI
ENCETECHNOLOGYDI
VISI
ON

COVER SHEET
FI
RSTNAME(
S):VALENTINE .SURNAME: MHUTE .

COURSE:ND1PHARMACY DATE:17/
07/
2020 .

NAMEOFLECTURER: MRPMUNAMBA .

SUBJECT: PHARMACOGNOSY .

ASSI
GNMENT/
PRACTI
CAL:ASSI
GNMENT1 .

MARK: MODERATEMARK: .

COMMENTS:

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

LECTURER’
SSI
GNATURE: DATE: .
1.Theplantscopewi t
ht er
restr
ialorstr
essfulenvi
ronmentbydoingthef ol
lowing:
Str
essr esponseinplantscompr i
sesrepert
oireofmolecul
ar,cel
l
ularcross-t
alkand
si
gnal
lingr esponsesinit
iatedthroughthedetecti
onofspecif
icorcombi nedbioti
cor
abi
oti
cst resseffectthatmayr esulti
ntheinducti
onofsecondarymet aboli
tes(SMs).

─ Membrane-
li
pidunsatur
ati
on:
product
ionofunsat
urat
edf
att
yaci
dsgi
ves
adapt
ati
ontocoldstr
ess.

─ Plant
spr oducesat
urat
edfatt
yaci
dst oi
ncr
easemembr
anest
abi
l
ityasan
adaptat
iontohightemper
aturest
ress.

─ Serotoninser
veapr ot
ecti
vefunct
ionf r
om envir
onment al
stress,forexampl
e,i
n
thereproduct
iveti
ssuesofyoung Daturametel 
thr
oughant i
oxidantrole,
and
exposureofflowerstocol
dstresssignif
icant
lyenhancedthepr oducti
on.

─ Producti
onofthepoly
aminesathighercel
l
ularl
evel
sbypl
ant
sisassoci
atedwi
th
tol
erancetoenvi
ronment
alstr
esses.

─ Xant
hophyllt
hatcontai
nsconjugateddoublebondsintheirl
ongchainisinvol
ved
i
nxanthophyll
cycl
e,andperformst hef
uncti
onofexcessl i
ghtdissi
pat
ioninto
har
mlessheatenergyinplantcel
lswhil
ephenolicsst
oringcell
splayav i
talr
ole
i
nthedevelopmentofprogrammedcel ldeath.

─ Xanthophy
llcy
cle 
prot
ect
spl
ant
sagai
nstoxi
dat
ivest
ressgener
atedbyhi
ghl
i
ght
i
ntensit
y.

─ Bot
hstressanddef enceresponseprocessesst
imul
atemet
abol
icchangesthat
mayresulti
nt hebi
osynthesi
sofbioacti
vecompoundshavi
ngphar
maceuticalor
nut
ri
ti
onal v
alue.

─ Duetodroughtstr
ess,pl
ant
stendtoproduceasecondarymetabol
it
eCodeineof
Papavaersomnif
erum pl
ant
,whichhaspharmacol
ogical
(pai
nreli
vi
ng)ef
fectsi
n
humans.

─ Inter
rest
rialenvi
ronmentssuchaslowtemperaturesandwaterdehydrat
ion,
the
plant
sreleasesecondarymetabol
it
es,f
orexampl e,heCent
t ellaasi
atica
producesAsiati
cosideandMadecassosi
de,whichareusedforwoundheal i
ng
andotherder mat
ological
condi
ti
ons.

2.Thefactorsthataffectplantgrowt
h:
Fourmainf actorsthatcanaffectt
heplantgr
owtharewat er,
li
ght
,nut
ri
ents,
and
temperature.Plant
sar ecapableofgr
owingwithoutsoi
lusingamethodknownas
hydr
oponi cs.
 Li
ght

─ Li
ghtal
sov
ari
esi
nint
ensi
tyf
rom seasont
oseason.

─ Dur
ingt
hewi
ntermont
hs,
theday
sar
eshor
terandt
hel
i
ghtl
essi
ntense.

─ Ast hespri
ngequinoxappr
oaches,
theamountofl
i
ghtav
ail
abl
etopl
ant
sandt
he
i
ntensit
yincr
eases.

─ Li
ghtandt
emper
atur
echangesst
imul
atepl
ant
senzy
mest
obr
eakt
hei
rdor
mancyand
gr
ownewleav
es.

─ Sunli
ghtduri
ngthesummerencouragesf
loweri
ngandfr
uit
ing,
whichint
urncr
eat
est
he
beauti
fuldi
spl
ayoffl
ower
sordelici
ousveget
ablesf
rom t
hegarden.

Wat
er

─ Pl
ant
sneedwat
ert
osur
viv
e.

─ Humanbei
ngshaveappr
oxi
matel
y70per
centwater
,butpl
ant
sar
ecl
osert
o90per
cent
wat
er,
andwit
houtwater
,pl
ant
sbecomest
ressedanddie.

─ Ev
ent
hedeser
tcact
usr
equi
reswat
er,
albei
tmuchl
esswat
ert
hanot
herpl
ant
s.

─ Wat
ernour
ishest
hepl
antandhy
drat
esi
t.

─ Wat
eri
nthesoi
lbr
eaksdownanddi
ssol
vesmi
ner
alsandcr
it
ical
element
sint
hesoi
l
.

─ Asthepl
antabsorbswat
erthr
oughitsr
oots,i
talsotr
ansport
snut
ri
ent
sint
oit
scell
s.
Wat
erandhumidit
ycanalsoencour
ageplantgr
owt h,
buttoomuchwat
ercanki
ll
plant
s.

─ I
tisi
mpor
tantt
opr
ovi
depl
ant
swi
tht
her
ightamountofwat
erf
ort
hei
rneeds.

Temper
atur
e

─ Plant
sreactt
otemperatur
ebyspeedi
nguporsl
owi
ngdownal
loft
hei
rli
feor
physi
ologi
calpr
ocesses.

─ War
mthencour
agesger
minat
ionandgr
owt
h.

─ Warmertemperat
uresact
ual
lytri
ggerthepl
ant
'si
ntr
acell
ularchemi
cal
react
ions,
whi
ch
speeduptr
anspir
ati
on,r
espi
rat
ion,andphot
osynt
hesis.

─ Plant
sgrowrapidl
yduri
ngwar
m per
iodsandsl
owdownorev
enbecomedor
mantdur
ing
coolorcol
derseasons.

Nut
ri
ent
s

─ Pl
ant
srequi
renut
ri
ent
sforgr
owt
h,dev
elopmentandmai
ntenance.
─ I
fonenut
ri
enti
slacki
ng,
itcanr
esul
tsl
owpl
antgr
owt
horcausest
unt
edgr
owt
h.

─ Ther
earetwocategor
iesofsoilnut
ri
ent
sneededt
oimpr
ovepl
antgr
owt
h,
micr
onut
ri
entsandmacr onut
ri
ents.
.

─ Pl
ant
sneedmor
eoft
hemacr
onut
ri
ent
sthanmi
cronut
ri
ent
s.

─ Macr onutr
ient
sincl
udeni
tr
ogen,
pot
assi
um,
cal
cium,
magnesi
um,
sul
furand
phosphorus.

─ Mi
cronut
ri
ent
sincl
udei
ron,
copper
,andmanyot
herel
ement
s.

─ Themacroandmicronut
ri
ent
smustal
lbeav
ail
abl
etot
hepl
antsi
ncesomehel
pthe
pl
antabsor
bother
s.

─ Thebestwaytoensur
eheal
thysoi
lthatoff
ersall17nutr
ient
sisthr
oughtheuseof
natur
alcompostandmanur
eaddedtot hegardensoi
lyearl
y,whi
chrepl
enisht
he
missi
ngnutr
ient
sandoff
ernewnutr
ientstotheplant
s.

─ Manypl
antdi
seasesar
ebecauseoft
hedef
ici
enci
esofmacr
oormi
cronut
ri
ent
s.