Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors

Female Diet (high carbohydrate)

Gestational diabetes mellitus Sedentary lifestyle
34 years old Obesity
Stress

insufficient insulin level

inadequate reuptake of glucose in cells

extracellular hyperglycemia

increased blood glucose level

Decreased elasticity of blood vessels Glucose from the blood Blood glucose >
can’t enter the cells Renal threshold

Narrowed blood vessels

Intracellular hypoglycemia Kidneys remove excess
glucose from blood
through urine
Impeded blood flow
Body can’t convert the
foods ingested into energy
glycosuria
Reduced supply of blood and oxygen

Lack of energy
Osmotic diuresis
polyuria
Risk of high blood pressure
polydipsia
Increase in hunger

Signs
High random plasma glucose (291
mg/dL)
High HbA1c (8.8%)
High fasting glucose (184 mg/dL)
High blood pressure (152/97 mmHg)
Nursing Diagnosis 1
Unstable blood pressure related to
increased blood glucose level as
manifested by high B/P (152/97),
high random plasma glucose (291
mg/dL), high HbA1c (8.8%), and
high fasting glucose (184 mg/dL)
Sign
Lethargy, Polyphagia
(+) Glucose in UA
Symptom
Px reports increased thirst,
frequency of urination
Symptoms
Px reports increased hunger
“By the time I get home and
make supper for my family,
then put my child to bed, I am Nursing Diagnosis 2
too tired to exercise” as Risk for deficient fluid volume
verbalized by the Px related to increased blood glucose
level as manifested by (+)
glucose in UA, marked increased
thirst and frequency of urination
of the Px.

Nursing Diagnosis 3
Risk for unstable blood glucose
level related to inadequate
amount of insulin as evidenced
by high random plasma glucose
(291mg/dL), high fasting glucose
(184mg/dL), high HbA1c
(8.8%), high B/P 152/97 mm/Hg,
glycosuria, increased thirst,
hunger, urinary frequency, and
chronic fatigue