Leyte Normal University NOTES

Tacloban City
Professional Education Unit ___________________
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SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT ___________________
by: Lev Vygotsky ___________________
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Basic Concepts ___________________
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Social Interaction. For Vygotsky the social environment or the community takes on a
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major role in one’s development.
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Cultural Factors. Vygotsky believed in the crucial role that culture played on the ___________________
cognitive development of children. He looked into the wide range of experiences that ___________________
a culture would give to a child. ___________________
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Language. Language opens the door for learners to acquire knowledge that others ___________________
already have. It helps the learner regulate and reflect on his own thinking. For ___________________
Vygotsky, “talking-to-oneself” is an indication of the thinking that goes on the mind of ___________________
the child. Private speech is a form of self-talk that guides the child’s thinking and ___________________
action. ___________________
Zone of Proximal Development. The distance between the actual developmental level ___________________
as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential ___________________
development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance, or in ___________________
collaboration with more capable peers ___________________
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More Knowledgeable Other. It refers to someone who has a better understanding or a ___________________
higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or ___________________
concept. ___________________
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Scaffolding. It consists of the activities provided by the educator, or more competent peer, to
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support the student as he or she is led through the zone of proximal development.
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Scaffold and Fade-away technique. This refers when learners become more ___________________
proficient, able to complete tasks on their own that they could not initially do without ___________________
assistance, the guidance can be withdrawn. ___________________
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PROFED_101 The Child and Adolescent Development and Learning Principles 1