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ENTERTAINMENT

Seven science fiction inventions that became reality

Sci-fi authors wanted to prevent dystopian futures. Instead they predicted them.
By Matt Hongoltz-Helting
Updated: October 15, 2019

The future might already be written. Cheer, shudder, or eye-roll in disgust, but history
shows that what awaits us is often spelled out in the pages of science fiction. The genre's
predictive track record stretches millennia: Authors mused about the lunar landing as far
back as 175 A.D., when Syrian satirist Lucian of Samosata imagined flying ships to the moon,
a tale that tapped the seafaring culture's desire to ascend to the heavens. Fiction isn't always
pure fantasy. "Some of our greatest authors are not making up stuff whole cloth, but
sampling from the zeitgeist—scientific or otherwise," says Dan Rockmore, director of
Dartmouth College's Neukom Institute for Computational Science, which hands out annual
prizes for visionary speculative writing. Of course, scribes do have blind spots. They never
quite nailed the smartphone (easy, Trekkies—those communicators are more like fancy
pagers). Here's a glimpse of what sci-fi writers of yore got right.
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... Sara Deck

1. Defibrillator
 Inspired by galvanism (manipulating muscles with electrical current), Mary Shelley’s Dr.Subscribe
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Victor Frankenstein famously reanimates dead flesh. In 1947, the less-ghoulish Dr. Claude
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Beck saved a teenage patient with a 60 Hz jolt to the heart from his homemade defibrillator:
two silver paddles wired to an outlet. By the ’50s, the machines were reviving patients in
hospitals worldwide.

2. Space stations
In Edward Everett Hale's 1869 novella, The Brick Moon, four old college bros use a river-‐
powered flywheel to sling a skyscraper-size brick sphere stuffed with people into orbit. The
Soviet Union's Salyut program launched a 65-foot cylinder—the seminal space station—in
1971. The crew snapped photos of Earth and experimented with gamma rays and a secret ‐
military radiometer.

3. Machine learning
Characters in Samuel Butler's 1872 novel Erewhon realize computers "were ultimately
destined to supplant the race of man," so they ban smart gizmos. Real robots have been
learning to outdo us since the '50s, when AI researchers held a workshop at Dartmouth;
IBM's Arthur Samuel coded a checkers player that refined its approach until it could beat
him.

7 Sci Fi Predictions That Came True | Frankenstein Nailed It

4. Lab-grown meat
In her 1880 short story “Mizora,” Mary Bradley Lane describes Amazonians who transform
beef’s chemical elements into synthetic burgers, “a more economical way of obtaining meat
than by fattening animals.” She wasn’t far off: Dutch scientist Mark Post’s petri-born patty
 starts as bovine stem cells. In 2013, the first one cost more than $280,000 to grow, but he’s
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5. Long-term heat storage

After decades of small-scale projects in Nordic nations, Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s dream of
saving summer sun to warm a town through winter (from her 1905 story “Sultana’s Dream”)
got real in 2007. In Alberta, Canada, high midyear temps transfer to antifreeze in
underground pipes. The warmed ground radiates heat into 52 homes for the whole cold
season.

6. Tasers
Tom Swift and His Electric Rifle details a boy inventor whose blaster stuns targets with "a
powerful current of stored electricity." That idea sounded neat to NASA engineer Jack Cover,
whose TASER is an acronymic reference to that 1911 novel. The weapon he patented in 1974
conducts a jolt of juice from a battery, through a pair of leads, into the target's nervous
system.

7. Portable audio
Ray Bradbury famously wanted to prevent dystopian futures, not predict them. But one tiny
piece of tech in 1953's Fahrenheit 451 was about to hit a nonfiction tipping point: "thimble
radios," which provided "an electronic ocean of sound, of music and talk." The next year,
Texas Instruments debuted the first mass-market portable radio, complete with a single,
wee earphone.

This story originally published in the Out There issue of Popular Science.

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