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Genetic Variability Studies in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Research · September 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33683.12325

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B. Manjunatha M. Krishnappa
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Trends in Biosciences 10(38), Print : ISSN 0974-8431, 8027-8028, 2017
Genetic Variability Studies in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
B. MANJUNATHA1, M. KRISHNAPPA2 AND B. NIRANJANA KUMARA3
1,3
Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Ponnampet
University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka
2
Department of Applied Botany, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka
email : niru7054@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted in Agricultural and
Horticultural Research Station, Ponnampet, University of
Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga.
The experiment was composed of 64 rice genotypes laid in
RCBD conducted experiment in kharif 2016. The traits
panicles per square metre and yield kg/ha had higher GCV
and PCV as well as high genetic variability and phenotypic
variability. Yield kg/ha had high heritability coupled with
GCV and PCV.
Key words Rice, Variability
Rice is a self-pollinated cereal crop belonging to the
family Gramineae (synomym-Poaceae) under the order
Cyperales and class Monocotyledon having chromosome
number 2n=24 [1]. The genus Oryza includes a total of 25
recognized species out of which 23 are wild species and
two, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima are cultivated [2].
It can survive as a perennial crop and can produce a ratoon
crop for up to 30 years but cultivated as annual crop and
grown in tropical and temperate countries over a wide range
of soil and climatic condition. Rice and agriculture are still
fundamental to the economic development of most of the
Asian countries. In much of Asia, rice plays a central role in
politics, society and culture, directly or indirectly employs
more people than any other sector. A healthy rice industry,
especially in Asia’s poorer countries, is crucial to the
livelihoods of rice producers and consumers alike. Farmers
need to achieve good yields without harming the
environment so that they can make a good living while
providing the rice-eating people with a high-quality,
affordable staple. Underpinning this, a strong rice research
sector can help to reduce costs, improve production and
ensure environmental sustainability. Indeed, rice research
has been a key to productivity and livelihood.
Rice is the second largest produce cereal in the world
in 158.3 million hectare area with annual production of about
685.24 million metric tons [3] and also the staple food for
over one third of the world’s population [4] and more than
90% to 95% of rice is produced and consumed is Asia [5].
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the staple food in India and grown
in a wide range of environments ranging from the upland
areas like. In Indiarice is the most consumed cereal grain in
the world. It is staple food crop for more than half of the
world’s human population.
Yield enhancement is the major breeding objective in
rice breeding programmes and knowledge on the nature
and magnitude of the genetic variation governing the
inheritance of quantitative characters like yield and its
components is essential for effective genetic improvement.
A critical analysis of the genetic variability parameters,
namely, Genotypic Coefficient of Variability (GCV),
Phenotypic Coefficient of Variability (PCV), heritability and
genetic advance for different traits of economic importance
is a major pre-requisite for any plant breeder to work with
crop improvement programs. Further, information on
correlation coefficients between grain yield and its
component characters is essential for yield improvement,
since grain yield in rice is a complex entity and is highly
influenced by several component characters. The present
investigation was undertaken in this context to elucidate
information on variability, heritability, genetic advance in
promising rice genotypes. A good knowledge of genetic
resources might also help in identifying desirable genotypes
for future hybridization program.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiment was carried out during kharif, 2016 at
Agricultural and Horticultural Research station, Ponnampet
under University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,
Shivamogga, Karnataka. The material comprised of 64 elite
rice genotypessown in a randomized complete block design
with two replications with spacing of 20 X 15 cm. Data were
recorded on five randomly selected plants in each entry in
each replications for the traits days to 50% flowering, Plant
height (cm), Productive tillers/m2 and Yield kg/ha. The data
subjected to INDOSTAT software to estimate Genetic
coefficient of variation (%), phenotypic coefficient of
variation (%), Heritability (%) (Broad sense), Genetic
Advance and Genetic Advance as percent of mean. The
estimates for variability treated as per the categorization
proposed by Siva Subramanian and Madhavamenon
[4],heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean
estimates according to criteria proposed by Johnson et
al.[2].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the present study analysis of variance revealed
the existence of significant differences among genotypes
for all traits studied. The mean, variability estimates i.e.,
Genetic coefficient of variation (%), phenotypic coefficient
of variation (%), Heritability (%) (Broad sense), Genetic
Advance as percent of mean are presented in table 1. All
traits under studied have higher phenotypic coefficient of
variation than genotypic coefficient of variation. The
magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation and
genotypic coefficient of variation was moderate to highfor
the traits panicles per square metre and yield [3, 5]. The
high PCV observed for yield per hectare [5]. The high GCV
obtained for number of panicles per square metre indicating
the improvement is possible through selection. Genotypic
8028 Trends in Biosciences 10 (38), 2017

Table 1. Variability, heritability and genetic advance for quantitative traits in rice.

Character Mean Genetic Phenotypic Heritability (%) Genetic advance Genetic

coefficient of coefficient of (%) advance as
variation (%) variation (%) percent
mean
Days to fifty
percent 109 7.92 9.87 0.645 14.23 13.12
flowering
Plant height 73 15.35 15.44 0.986 23.07 31.40
2
Panicles per m 397 15.38 17.14 0.850 116.119 29.99
Yield kg/ha 2374 38.82 41.54 0.875 1777.57 75.00

coefficient of variation measures the extent of genetic 5(2): 63-65.

variability percent for a trait but does not assess the amount
of genetic variation which is heritable. Heritability estimates
were high for all the characters. The heritability estimates
along with genetic advance can be useful to predict effect
of selection in selection programmes. The traits like days to
fifty percent flowering, yield[7] and plant height exhibited
high magnitude of genetic advance as percent of mean.
The traits plant height, days to fifty percent flowering,
panicles per square metre and yield have high heritability
along with genetic advance as percent of mean indicate
that these characters attributable to additive gene effects
which are fixable revealing that improvement in these
characters would be possible through direct selection.
LITERATURE CITED
Genetic variability and association analysis in rice. International
Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology.
Johnson, H.W. Robinson, H.F. and Costock, R.E. 1955. Estimates
of genetic and environmental variability in Soyabean. Agronomy
Journal, 47(7): 314-318.
Roy, B. Hossain, M. and Hossain, F. 2001. Genetic variability in
yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environment and
Ecology.19(1): 186-189.
Siva Subramanian, S. and Madhavamenon, P. 1973. Combining ability
in rice. Madras Agricultural Journal. 60: 419-421.
Thirumala Rao, V. Chandra Mohan, Y. Bhadru, D. Bharathi, D. and
Venkanna,. V. 2014
Venkanna, V., Lingaiah, N., Raju, Ch and Rao, V.T. 2014. Genetic
studies for quality traits of Fpopulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.).
International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical
Technology.5(2): 125-127.
Vaithiyalingan, M. and Nadarajan, N. 2006. Genetic variability,
heritability and genetic advance in F1 population of inter sub-
specific crosses of rice. Crop Research. 31(3): 476-477.

Received on 09-10-2017 Accepted on 12-10-2017

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