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Lect 1 Intro, Legal Background and Refresh Topics Lect 2 Main Frame N Biz Form (Sounds Not V Impt)
Lect 1 Intro, Legal Background and Refresh Topics Lect 2 Main Frame N Biz Form (Sounds Not V Impt)
Lect 1 Intro, Legal Background and Refresh Topics Lect 2 Main Frame N Biz Form (Sounds Not V Impt)
– Loanfinancing
– Stamp duty*
- After completion
Lect 7 Housing & commercial RE dev
- borrower as developer
- regulations of property development
- types of approvals and planning permission
- development charges
- building control
- control & licensing of housing development
- housing developer rules
- project account rules
- sale of commercial and other properties
- anti money laundering rules
- stamp duty
–Liquidation& Winding Up
–Types of Winding Up
–Role of Liquidators
–Distribution of assets
Diff b/w BT and REIT (seedly): It's easy to get confused with a REIT and a Business Trust as both
are listed on the SGX as "trusts". Despite both a REIT and a Business Trust owning the same type
of asset, there are multiple differences. The main difference between the two is that a REIT is
involved in real etate whereas a Business Trust is not restricted to real estate and can operate in
any field. Some other differences include management structure, gearing limit and dividend
distribution.
In terms of management structure, a REIT involves two separate entities (manager who runs
operation, and trustee who owns the asset) while a business trust is managed by the same entity
that owns the assets and manages them. The management structure comes into importance
when unitholders request for a change in management. In a REIT, unitholders can remove the
manager of the REIT with more than 50% of "yes" vote however, a business trust require a
75% "yes" vote.
The gearing ratio for REIT is limited to 35% but a business trust does not have a borrowing limit.
This ratio is an indicator of the level of leverage of the REIT or business trust hence, business
trusts may be riskier as there is no hard limits on how much they can borrow.
Lastly, REITs and business trusts differ in the policies regarding the level of dividends. REITs are
required to distribute at least 90% of their taxable income through dividends annually. This
ensures a regular stream of income for REITs investors. Conversely, business trusts do not have to
adhere to a minimum level of payout.
A possible follow-up question would be "which of the two should I invest in?"
The first step to choosing between a REIT and a business trust would be to determine your
investment objectives. For a passive income, investing in REITs would be appropriate. Whereas if
you're looking to be engaged in the business operations,
a business trust could potentially provide defensive returns through regular income distributions
and high payout ratios.
In the context of securitized property investments, Stapled Securities are listed property
investment securities that can be a bundle combination of either REITs, Property Trusts
units or even property stocks.This commonly happens when a securitized property
investment vehicle decides to apply a REIT model to a certain segment of its property
portfolio while taking on a Trust model for another segment to form a single trade-able
unit known as the Stapled Security. In this manner, the manager of the Stapled Security
need to be bound by REIT regulations only for the segment of the portfolio that adopts
the REIT model. He is then free to pursue other plans for the properties that do not
require compliance to REIT regulations. Hence a Stapled Security is obligated to pay a
the minimum amount of rental to unit holders only for the properties that are
adhering to a REIT structure.An example of a Stapled Security is Singapore-listed CDL
Hospitality Trusts which comprises of CDL Hospitality Real Estate Investment Trust and
CDL Hospitality Business Trust. Another prominent example of a Stapled Security in this
region is the KLCC REIT in Malaysia that comprises of REIT units and property stocks of
KLCC Property Holdings Berhad (KLCCP).
What is the difference between a REIT and a Property Trust? What about REITs
and Stapled Securities?
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Property Trusts and Stapled Securities are three
different vehicles that a security investor can get into property investments. But some
investors are fond of using these terms loosely without understanding the fundamental
differences between them. In fact, it is not uncommon to see even respected mainstream
media confusing these terms and using them interchangeably and inappropriately.
It does not help that these terms are not regulated by the authorities. A REIT could call
itself a Trust and similarly a property trust could call itself a REIT without having the
obligation of operating as one as per the guidelines stipulated by regulators.
In this article we will present to you the key differences between these 3 types of
securitized real estate investments and why it matters that you understand the nature of
each carefully in order to make an informed investment decision.
REITs
In most jurisdictions, in order for a collective property investment to call itself a REIT it
must pay out a minimum of 90 percent of its rental income to unit holders
annually. This comes on the back of requirements of minimum assets sizes and
restrictions on business activities. REITs are also subjected to limits on the amount of
loans that they can take. In Singapore, the gearing limit is 60 percent for REITs with a
credit rating and 35 percent for REITs that are unrated.
The regulations imposed on REIT are enforceable by the authorities and listed REITs are
subjected to a high degree of transparency and scrutiny by the government and unit
holders alike.
Property Trusts
Listed Property Trusts are also collective property investments that pool money from unit
holders primarily to invest in income producing real estate. Rental income is similarly
distributed to unit holders after deducting costs such as management fees and other
overhead. Like REITs, Property Trusts are also by collective investment codes and other
regulations that may be imposed by the bourses in which they are listed.
However, and herein the most important difference between REITs and Property Trusts,
is that Property Trusts are not obligated to pay out a minimum amount of its rental
income to unit holders. It is also not subjected to the leverage and asset size limits that
REITs are imposed with. This means that should a Trust manager decide that business is
bad for a particular year, it may not distribute any rental income and unit holders can be
left with no income distribution for the units they hold at the end of the financial year.
Property Trusts do not receive the same types of favorable tax rulings that REITs enjoy.
Examples of Property Trusts in Singapore that have often been confused as REITs by the
media include the recently-listed Croesus Retail Trust and Perrenial China Retail Trust.
Stapled Securities
In the context of securitized property investments, Stapled Securities are listed property
investment securities that can be a bundle combination of either REITs, Property Trusts
units or even property stocks.This commonly happens when a securitized property
investment vehicle decides to apply a REIT model to a certain segment of its property
portfolio while taking on a Trust model for another segment to form a single trade-able
unit known as the Stapled Security. In this manner, the manager of the Stapled Security
need to be bound by REIT regulations only for the segment of the portfolio that adopts
the REIT model. He is then free to pursue other plans for the properties that do not
require compliance to REIT regulations. Hence a Stapled Security is obligated to pay a
the minimum amount of rental to unit holders only for the properties that are
adhering to a REIT structure.