CRASH COURSE 2020

 Understanding “chemical amount” and its

unit “mol”
 Relationship of “chemical amount” to
“mass”, “volume”, “number of particles”
 Doing basic stoichiometry without
equilibrium
 Chemicalamount can be used for pure
substances only

Matter

Pure
Substances

Elements Compounds Mixtures

 Elements are made up of one kind of atoms,
compounds are made up of one kind of
molecules
 Are mixtures made up of any one kind of
particles?
 No!
 Mass doesn’t relate simply with number of
particles inside a sample of pure substances
Consider 1kg water and 1 kg acetone. Will
they contain same number of molecules?
 No!
 Number of molecules inside 1kg water =
1kg/18amu
 Number of molecules inside 1kg acetone =
1kg/ 58amu
 Same is the case with volume (except for
ideal gases at same T and P)
 We would like to have a property called
chemical amount, 1 unit of which would
contain a fixed number of particles
 This would make calculations very easier
 But only those would appreciate who wasn’t
using this concept before. For others this
could be confusing.
 Not after two years of seeing the same thing!
 Name : Mole
 Symbol : mol
 Why such a name?
 I don’t know. Why “second” not “first”
 Name is not important! Think about your
name. It makes your image of “I” more
strong which in-fact is non existent. Were
you born with a name?
 6.02 X 1023
 This is also called Avogadro’s number(Na)
 Why, this number?
 1g/1amu = 6.02 X 1023
 Why this name?
 In memory of Avogadro, who hypothesized
“equal volume of gases at same conditions
have equal number of molecules”. He was
wrong which he must be knowing himself,
but at least he was working in this field.
 Realize for a pure substance,
Mass α Chemical Amount
 Therefore, Mass = k x Chemical Amount
 Look for this k!
 For any pure substance mass/C.A. should be
constant
 Take any amount, say x mol of that
substance, find its mass. Find the ratio
 This k is the called the molar mass of that
substance
 Consider water
 Take 3 mol water
 Number of molecules = 3N0
 Mass of one molecule = molecular mass= 18amu = 18/N g =
18/1000N kg = 18amu
 Total mass =3N x 18amu = 54g
 Mass/C.A. = 54g/3mol = 18g/mol
 Take 1 mol water
 Number of molecules = N
 Mass of one molecule = 18amu
 Total mass = N x 18amu = 18g
 Mass/C.A. = 18g/1mol = 18g/mol
Isn’t it constant !!!
 No!
 Themagnitude of molar mass in g/mol is
same as magnitude of molecular mass in amu
 What is the SI unit of molar mass?

 What is the SI unit of molecular mass?

 They are dimesionally different!!

 The magnitude of molar mass in g/mol is
same as magnitude of molecular mass in amu
 Where there is memory there is no attention
~J Krishnamurti
 Who is he?
 Someone who talks facts not theories.
 Anyways here are the formulas for you
 Molar mass = mass/C.A.
 The magnitude of molar mass in g/mol is
same as magnitude of molecular mass in amu
 Number of particles = (Na/mol)xC.A. in other
words x mol of a substance contains x Na
particles.
 Mol is treated as number many times even by
IIT’s professors. Who is to blame?
 1 mol carbon atoms means NA C atoms

 Mol being used for electrons, very common.

 How much (in g) water is formed when 2g of
Oxygen reacts with 5g of Hydrogen?
 Write balanced chemical equation
 Convert masses/volumes to C.A.
 Find limiting reagent
 Do stoichiometry using balanced chemical
equation
 Convert back to masses/volumes
 2H2 O2 -------------- 2H2O
>
Initial 5g 48g 0g
Mass/Volu
me
Initial 2.5mol 1.5mol 0mol
Amount
Final 0mol 0.25mol 2.5mol
Amount
Final 0g 8g 45g
Mass/Volu
me
 In case of gaseous reactions at a fixed
temperature and pressure, one can do
stoichiometry with volumes only if ideal gas
behavior is assumed. This is because molar
volume of ideal gas is fixed at a fixed T and P
 This makes calculations easier and therefore
questions could now be more complicated
 Some substances comes in solution and their
amount is to be calculated as,
 Amount = Molarity X Volume [Normality =
nfX molarity]
 Many questions using this concept

 New options a) 4g b)8g c)2g d)1g

 Amount of Oxalic Acid(HOOC-COOH) = 50ml x
0.5M = 25mmol
 Amount of NaOH required = 50mmol
 Molarity of NaOH solution =
50mmol/25ml=2M
 Amount of NaOH in 50ml solution =
2Mx50ml=100mmol
 Mass of NaOH = 40g/mol x 100mmol=4g