UNIT 3 TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE

NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU LỚP 9 NÂNG CAO

AVOCABULARY
New words Meaning Picture Exammple
There are major changes in a
adolescence person’s boody during
vị thành adolescence.
/ˌædəˈlesns/
niên Có những sự thay đổi lớn của
(n)
cơ thể người trong giai đoạn
vị thành niên.

assure James assured that he didn’t

cheat.
/əˈʃʊə(r)/ chắc chắn
James chắc chắn rằng cậu ta
(v)
không gian lận.
A child’s cognitive
cognitive / development is affected by
kĩ năng tư many factors.
ˈkɒɡnətɪv/
duy Sự phát triển kỹ năng tư duy
(adj) của một đứa trẻ bị ảnh hưởng
bởi nhiều yếu tố.
I can’t concentrate with all
concentrate the noise going on.
/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ tập trung Tôi không thể tập trung với
(v) những tiếng ồn liên tục như
vậy.
I am often in conflicts with
conflict
my parents.
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ xung đột
Tôi thường có xích mích với
(n) bố mẹ tôi.
cooperate / We cooperated closely to
carry out the project.
kəʊˈɒpəreɪt hợp tác
Chúng tôi hợp tác với nhau
(v) chặt chẽ để thực hiện dự án.

delighted I was delighted that you could

/dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ vui vẻ stay.
(adj) Tôi rất vui vì bạn có thể ở lại.

depressed Mary was depressed about

chán nản, her test score.
/dɪˈprest/
thất vọng Mary rất chán nán vì điểm
(adj) kiểm tra của cô ấy.

emotion She couldn’t hide her

emotions.
/ɪˈməʊʃn/ cảm xúc
Cô ấy không thể che giấu
(n)
cảm xúc của mình.
empathize
Children are taught to
with
đồng cảm empathize with other people.
/ˈempəθaɪz
với Trẻ em được dạy là phải cảm
wɪð/
thông với người khác.

frustrated khó chịu, Jim is frustrated with his

/frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ mất kiên current job.
(adj) nhẫn Jim rất khó chịu với công
việc hiện tại của anh ấy.
It is not easy to resolve the
resolve conflict between parents and
kids.
/rɪˈzɒlv/ giải quyết
Không dễ dàng để giải quyết
(v)
mâu thuẫn giữa bố mẹ và con
cái.
 self-aware Ann is self-aware of her
tự nhận shortcomings.
/ˌself əˈweə(r)/ thức
Ann tự nhận thức được những
(adj) thiếu sót của cô ấy.

self-discipline Self-discipline is very

/ˌself important.
tự kỉ luật
ˈdɪsəplɪn/ Tính tự kỉ luật là rất quan
(n) trọng.

abuse Did the manager abuse his

power?
/əˈbjuːs/ lạm dụng
Người quản lý có lạm quyền
(n, v)
không?

tense She is a very tense person.

căng thẳng,
/tens/ Cô ấy là người rất hay lo
hay lo lắng
(adj) lắng.

trafficking Drug trafficking is illegal in

many countries.
/ˈtræfɪkɪŋ/ buôn lậu
Buôn lậu thuốc là phạm pháp
(n)
ở nhiều quốc gia.
BGRAMMAR
I ÔN TẬP CÂU GIÁN TI ẾP (REPORTED SPEECH)
1. Định nghĩa
Định nghĩa Ví dụ
- Câu trực tiếp (Direct speech) là chính xác - They said, “We will visit her.”
lời nói của ai đó. Chúng ta thường dùng dấu (Direct Speech)
(“/”) để trích dẫn lời nói trực tiếp.
→ They said (that) they would
- Câu tường thuật (hay còn gọi là Câu gián visit her.
tiếp) là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp do một (Reported Speech/ Indirected
người khác phát biểu. Speech)
 2. Câu trần thuật gián tiếp (Reported Statement)
Khi muốn thay đổi 1 câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang 1 câu trần thuật gián tiếp,
chúng ta dùng động từ ‘say/tell’ để giới thiệu. Đồng thời cần áp dụng các quy tắc
sau:
a. Thay đổi thì của động từ
 Nếu động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/ tell) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp giữ
nguyên thì trong câu trực tiếp.
Ví dụ:“I always drink coffee in the morning”, she says.
→ She says that she always drinks coffee in the morning.
 Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said/ told) thì động từ trong câu gián
tiếp cầnthay đổi như sau:

Thì trong lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong lời nói gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn →Quá khứ đơn
“I like sciences.” He said (that) he liked sciences.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
→ Quá khứ tiếp diễn
“I am staying for a few
She said (that) she was staying for a few days.
days.”
Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành
“Nick has left.” She told me (that) Nick had left.
Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành
“Nick left this morning.” She told me (that) Nick had left that morning.
Quá khứ tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá khứ hoàn thành
“I was doing my tiếp diễn
homework.” She said (that) she was doing her homework/
she had been doing her homework
Will
→ Would
“Man will travel to
He said (that) man would travel to Mars.
Mars.”
Can → Would
“We can swim.” They told us (that) they could swim.
 May
→ Would
“We may live on the
He said (that) We might live on the moon.
moon.”
b. Đổi ngôi của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sỡ hữu.
Trong lời nói trực tiếp Trong lời nói gián tiếp
i → he/ she
we → they
you → i/ he/ she
my → his/ her
our → their
your → my/ his/ her
mine → his/ hers
ours → theirs
c. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Trạng từ trong câu trực tiếp Trạng từ trong câu gián tiếp
now →then
today → that day
here → there
this week → that week
tomorrow → the following day/ the next day
yesterday → the day before/ the previous day
→the month before/ the previous
last month
month
tonight →that night
ago → before
→ the following week/ the week
next week
after
these → those
 He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
3. Câu hỏi gián tiếp (Reported questions)
a.Các quy tắc khi chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp sang câu hỏi gián tiếp
-Động từ tường thuật được sử dụng trong Câu hỏi Gián tiếp thường là: asked,
required, wondered, wanted to know.
-Áp dụng qui tắv đổi Đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu giống câu
Trần thuật Gián tiếp.
-Áp dụng qui tắc đổi Thì của động từ giống câu Trần thuật Gián tiếp.
- Áp dụng qui tắc đổi các Trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn giống câu Trần thuật
Gián tiếp.
-Câu hỏi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải được chuyển về dạng KHẲNG ĐỊNH
và lược bỏ dấu hỏi chấm.
b.Các dạng câu hỏi gián tiếp
Dạng
Cấu trúc S +
Câu hỏi Wh- asked/wondered/wanted to know + O +Wh- + S +
Questions(câu hỏi bắt V....
đầu bằng các từđể hỏi Ví dụ:
như: What, where, when, He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last
why, how...) week?”
→ He asked me why I had gone with her father the
week before.
Câu hỏi Yes/No S + asked/wondered/wanted to know + O +
Questions:Dùng “if hoặc if/whether + S + V....
whether”để bắt đầu câu Ví dụ:
hỏi Yes/No gián tiếp. He said to me, “Will you go with her father next
week?”
→ He asked me if/whether I would go with her father
the following week.
 UNIT 3. TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE

LANGUAGE FOCUS
Topic:
Teen stress and pressure
Phonetics:
Stress on the verb be in sentences
Grammar:
– Review: Reported speech
– Questions words before to-infinitive
Vocabulary:
Changes in adolescence
Skills:
– Reading and talking about teen stress and pressure, and how to cope with them
– Listening about the work of an advice columnist
– Writing short notes to ask for advice and give advice

PRACTICE
I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern
1. A. Medicine B. Graduate C. Confident D. Encourage
2. A. Expect B. Depress C. Manage D. Assure
3. A. Cognitive B. Abandon C. Emotion D. Important
4. A.Disappointed B. Preparation C. Adolescence D. Communicate
5. A. Pressure B. Convince C. Friendship D. Guidance

II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Use each word once only.
angry bored confident confused delighted
disappointed embarrassed frustrated tired worried
- I feel so______ . I don’t have anything to do.
- Jane is_______ because she doesn’t know if she got an F or an A in her test.
- I feel so_______ because I’ve worked all night.
- The headmaster was very _______ with Tom because of his bad behaviour at school.
- Peter was __________ when he heard his song on the radio.
→ Mum is_______ because my sister hasn’t come home yet.
→ Phong is _________ that he will pass the examination.
→ Nick felt __________ when he was treated in front of some girls.
→ The students felt __________ because they couldn’t go camping.
→ Bob looks depressed and_______. He’s constantly sighing and complaining.

→ Give the correct form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following
sentences.
1. I think Tom and Mary have known each other since their_____. (CHILD)
2. My brother feels _______ when he’s playing the guitar. (RELAX)
3. Lan was upset because her parents _______ her. (UNDERSTAND)
4. I often suffer from______ during the wintertime. (DEPRESS)
5. Everything was _______ to me when I visited Gold Coast for the first time.(EXCITE)
6. When you grow up, you’ll feel you want more _______ and responsibility. (DEPEND)
7. We all ________ with you when we heard that you failed the driving test again.
(SYMPATHY)
8. Nga’s dream is to be a ________ , but her parents want her to be a medical doctor.(MUSIC)
9. Between 11 and 13 years of age, the adolescent’s brain experiences rapid________ of nerve
cells.(GROW)
10. I feel really tired after spending a ________ night studying for the exam. (SLEEP)

IV. Rewrite the following sentences using questions words + to-infinitives.

1. We don’t know where we should put the sofa.
_____________________________________
2. The rules didn’t specify who I should speak to in case of an emergency.
_____________________________________
3. Mai wondered how she could ride the scooter.
_____________________________________
4. Let us decide when we should start the project.
_____________________________________
5. Could you tell me where I can find a good hotel?
_____________________________________
6. We must find out what we are to do next.
_____________________________________
7. A good dictionary tells you how you should pronounce the words.
_____________________________________
8. We are not sure who we will meet at the entrance.
_____________________________________
9. I can’t remember when I have to turn off the oven.
_____________________________________
10. Do you know what you should look for?
_____________________________________

V. Turn the following statements into reported speech.

1. “Who do you talk to when you have problems?” Mary asked me.
_____________________________________
2. “I’ll help my mum cook dinner tonight”, said Hoa.
_____________________________________
3. “Tell your teacher what happened,” Jack advised me.
_____________________________________
4. “My best friend hasn’t called me for one week”, said Nam.
_____________________________________
5. “Are you at the sports centre now?” Lucia’s mother asked her.
_____________________________________
6. “What time did you come home last night, Mark?” said Tom.
_____________________________________
7. “Don’t go to the park when it gets dark,” said Mrs. Brown.
_____________________________________
8. “We spoke to your parents yesterday,” said Mr. Quang to Trung.
_____________________________________
9. “Can I meet you at 4.30 tomorrow afternoon?” Minh asked Phuong.
_____________________________________
10. “I’m staying with my aunt and uncle in the suburbs”, said Nga.
_____________________________________

VI. Fill each blank with a suitable word to complete the following passage.
Teenagers today live in a very competitive world. It is (1) ______ important
than ever to succeed at school if you hope to (2) _______ a chance in the job
market afterwards. It’s no wonder that many young people worry (3) _______
letting down their parents, their peers and themselves. To try to please everyone, they
take on too (4) ________ tasks until it becomes harder and harder to balance
homework assignments, parties, sports activities and friends. The result is that young people (5)
________ from stress.
There are different ways of dealing with stress. Everyone knows that caffeine,
in the (6) ________ of coffee or soft drinks, keeps you awake and alert. But
caffeine is a drug which (7) _________ become addictive. In the end, like other
drugs, caffeine only leads to more stress. There are better (8) ________ to
deal with stress: physical exercise is a good release for stress, (9) _____ it
increases certain chemicals in the brain which calm you down. You have to get enough sleep to
(10)______ stress and to stay healthy and full of energy.

VII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
What Is It Like Being a Teenager in Britain?
School
British teenagers spend most of their time at school. Students in Britain can leave school at
sixteen (grade 11). This is also the age when most students take their first important exams, the
GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Most teens take between 5-10 subjects,
which means a lot of studying. They are spending more time on homework than teenagers ever
before. Forget watching TV, teenagers in Britain now spend 2-3 hours on homework after
school.
School uniform
Visit almost any school in Britain and the first thing you’ll notice is the school uniform.
Although school uniform has its advantages, when they are 15 or 16 most teenagers are tired of
wearing it. When there is more than one school in a town, school uniforms can highlight
differences between schools. In London there are many cases of bullying and fighting between
pupils from different schools.
Clothes and looks
In Britain, some teens judge you by the shirt or trainers you are wearing. 40% of British
teenagers believe it’s important to wear designer labels. If you want to follow the crowd, you
need to wear trendy labels. Teenage feet in Britain wear fashionable trainers and the
more expensive, the better.
1. Most students in Britain take the GCSE when
____________. A. They are 11 years old
B. They are 16 years old
C. They finish grade 10
D. They begin grade 11
2. What is the first thing you’ll notice when you visit almost any school in Britain?
A. The school logo
B. The school gate
C. The school playground
D. The school uniform
3. What do most teenagers in Britain prefer to wear?

4. The word ‘highlight’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________ .

A. Confuse
B. Remark C.
Emphasise D.
Decrease
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Students in Britain can take 8 subjects at the GCSE.
B. Most British teenagers spend 2-3 hours watching TV after school.
C. Most 16-year-old students in Britain don’t like school uniforms.
D. Many British teenagers judge their friends by their shirts or trainers.

VIII. Find a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentence and correct it.
Example:
0. There isn’t two chairs in the living room.
A B C D
Answer: 0. A (aren’t/ are not)
1. We have no idea who talking to when we have problems.
A B C D
2. Nick asked Phong whether he had gone to Mai’s birthday party last night.
A B C D
3. Lan is very depressing because her closest friend is moving to another city.
A B C D
4. Their daughter said that she doesn’t want to take exams into economics universities.
A B C D
5.I don’t know what to do as these instructions are extremely confused.
A B C D

IX. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in
meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not
change the form of the given word.
Example:
0. There are five rooms in our house. HAS
Our house has five rooms.
1. “What do you think about teenagers who dye their hair?” (THOUGHT)
______________________________________________
2. It was quite surprising for us that he passed the exam. (SURPRISED)
______________________________________________
3. “If I were you, I would tell her the truth”, said Phong to Khoa.( ADVISED)
______________________________________________
4. We don’t know how we should solve the problems. (TO)
______________________________________________
5. “Have I ever met him before?” Laura said to herself. (WONDERED)
______________________________________________