nray; epiy Ma;T

fw;wy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;JNthk;

jpUkjp. ,e;Jkjp mUsk;gyk;

Nritf;fhy Mrphpa MNyhrfu;
Muk;gf; fy;tp

tyaf; fy;tp mYtyfk;; kl;lf;fsg;G

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;
kl;lf;fsg;G tyaj;jpy; cs;s ghlrhiy xd;wpy; juk; 01y; MrphpaHfs; cgfuzg;

gad;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpe;J jPu;Tfis

Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf ,t; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,g;gpur;ridiaf; fz;lwpAk; Nehf;fpy; Fwpj;j ghlrhiy mjpgH> tFg;ghrphpaHfs;>

ngw;NwhHfs; MfpNahiu NeHfhzy;> mtjhdpj;jy;> fye;Jiuahly; Nghd;w juT

Nrfhpg;G El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpj; juTfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

juTfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;j NghJ cgfuzj;jahhpg;G El;g mwptpd;ik epue;juf;

fl;llk; ,d;ik> ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw> %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba trjpapd;ik

Nghd;w gy fhuzq;fs; mwpaf; fpilj;jJ. ,f;fhuzq;fshy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ

cgfuzg;gad;ghL jpUg;jpfukhf fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ czug;gl;lJ.

juk; 01y; Gjpa fy;tpr; rPHjpUj;jj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s mk;rq;fSf;F Vw;g

cgfuzg;gad;ghLfs; ,d;wp khztHfSk; MrphpaHfSk; ,lHg;ghLfis

vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH.

,e;j tFg;giwr; #oypy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jp Gjpa fy;tpr; rPHjpUj;jj;jpw;F Vw;gTk;

fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;gTk; rPHjpUj;j mk;rq;fSf;F mikthdjhf juk; 01 tFg;giwia

khw;wpaikj;J milT kl;lq;fis mjpfhpf;f itg;gNj ,e;j nray;epiy Ma;tpd;

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,q;F juk; 01y; gps;isfs; Rakhf jhq;fNs Kd;te;J fw;ff;$ba

tifapy; tzf;f epiyak;> xg;gid epiyak;> thrpg;G epiyak;> fzpj epiyak;>

tFg;giw E}y; epiyak;> cgfuz epiyak;, nraw;ghl;L epiyak; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F

ClhfTk; Gyf;fhl;rp %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba vz;fs;> vOj;Jf;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwf;

fhl;rpg;gLj;jp ey;yNjhH; cgfuzg;gad;ghLs;s fw;wy; nraw;ghl;Lr; R+oiy Vw;gLj;j

,t; Ma;T Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ>

Research Summary

The Primary School is situated in Batticaloa Zone. A research has been conducted in this school to
find out the reason as to why teachers do not use teaching aids in grade 1 class.

In order to find out about the above mentioned problem, information was gathered using data
collection tools such as interviewing of the particular school Principal, class teachers and parents,
observation and discussions. Information was gathered through a questionnaire. Based on the
data gathered, it was found out that the reason behind the problems were lack of knowledge
regarding preparing teaching aids, absence of a permanent building, lack of space and limited
chances of obtaining raw materials that have led tonteaching and learning without required tools.

As a result, in grade 1 students and teachers are facing difficulties efficiently and effectively in
implementing the requirements of the new Educational reforms.

The aim of this research is to effect the grade 01 classroom environment by bringing changes in
accordance to the components of the new Educational reforms and new techniques. I believe
that the performance level of the students can be increased by introducing a center for prayer,
self grooming, reading, mathematics, water, classroom library, stationery, activity and also
display resources such as letters and numbers so that a potential learning enviourment consisting
the usage of tools can be created through the setps initialed by me to improve the teaching and
learning enviourment.
,yf;fpa kPsha;T

“xU nraypy; <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gtHfs; jhk; gad;gLj;Jk; mZF Kiwfis

Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf nra;af;$ba Ma;T nray; epiy Ma;T vdyhk;.”

Njrpa fy;tp epWtdj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l “jukhd fw;gpj;jYf;F nray;epiy Ma;T”

vDk; Gj;jfj;jpD}lhf mwpKiwrhH gpd;dzpAk;> ,yq;iff; fy;tpj; Jiwapy; nray;
epiy Ma;T vDk; jiyg;gpD}lhf (gf;fk; 4 njhlf;fk; 7 tiu) fw;wy; R+oiy
njhlHr;rpahf Nkk;gLj;jp fl;bnaOg;gp mgptpUj;jp nra;jy Nehf;fkhFk;. (Tiller 2007)
,jpy; cgfuzg; gpuNahfj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; mHg;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gly; nray;top
Ma;ttpdJk;> nray;topf; fw;wypdJk; gz;GfshFk; vdf; $Wfpd;wJ. ,q;F thz;ik
tpUj;jpapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjk; njhlHghf khj;jpuk; ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gLtijf;
fhzf;$bajhfTs;sJ.

NkYk; “Ma;T vz;zf;fUTld; njhlHGWk; tpjk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; gpuNjrj;jpd;

epyikfSf;Fk; R+oYf;Fk;> re;jHg;gq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdthW ,irtiljy;: gz;G
nray;top Ma;tpd; rpwg;gpay;G vdf; $wg;gLtijAk; fhzKbfpwJ.

Ma;T khjphpahdJ ,Wf;fkhfg; gpd;gw;wg;glhky; khwhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;

thz;ikahshpd; Fwpf;NfhisAk; Nehf;fj;ijAk;> tfpghfj;ijAk; Mw;Wk; Nehf;fpy;
Ma;Tf; Nfhl;ghLfs; nefpo;r;rpAld; ,irTgLj;jpf; nfhs;sYld;> gpuNahfj;ij
Nkk;gLj;JtNjahFk;. vDk; vz;zk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wijf; fhzf;$bahjfTs;sJ.

,q;F gpuNahfj;ij Nkk;gLj;j nefpo;r;rpAila gpuNahff; nfhs;ifNfw;g (Theory of

Practitioners) nrOikg; gLj;Jtjw;F nray; epiy Ma;Tfisg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;
vd;gjpy; tpNrl ftdQ; nrYj;JfpwJ vd;gij Kf;fpag;gLj;jp ,e;;E}ypy; Rl;bf;
fhl;lg;gLtijf; fhzyhk;.

NkYk; vdJ Ma;Tj; jiyg;G fw;wy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fw;wy;

nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;JNthk; vdgjhFk; ,jw;Fhpa Ma;Tg;gpur;rpid “juk; 01 tFg;gpy;
cgfuzg;gad;ghL NghjpasT ,d;ik” MFk;.

,jid xj;jjhd jiyg;gpw;F ,irthf “tFg;giwf; fw;wy; R+oiy Nkk;gLj;jy;” vDk;

nray; epiy Ma;Tr; nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. mjdhy; Vw;gl;l ey;y
khw;wq;fspdhy; fpilj;j gad;fs; milTkl;l tsHr;rpia mjpfupj;Js;sij mwpaf;
$bajhftpUe;jJ.

,jidg; gbf;Fk; NghJ vd;Ds;Sk; nray; epiy Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;L Kd;n dLj;J
khztH r%fKk;> MrphpaH r%fk; gadila Ntz;Lnkd;Dk; vz;zk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
vd;dhYk; KbAk; vDk; ek;gpf;if gpwe;Js;sJ. “jukhd fw;gpj;jYf;F nray; epiy
Ma;T” vd;Dk; E}y; kw;Wk; MrphpaH mwpTiug;gb topfhl;b – juk; 01- 2015y;
ntspapl;l Gj;jfj;jpy; (gf;fk; i njhlf;fk; xvii tiu) ghlj;jpl;lKk; fw;wy;
nrad;KiwfSf;Fhpa topfhl;ly;fs; (gf;fk; 1 njhlf;fk; 93 tiuAk;) Mfpa ,e;j
nray; epiy Ma;Tf;fhd cgfuzq;fspd; mjpfhpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;s kpfTk; cjtpfs;
Ghpe;jd.

1.1 Ma;Tg; gpur;rpid

“juk; 01 ,y; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfspy; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfs; Nghjpastpy;
fhzg;glhjik”

juk; 01 tFg;gpy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ khztHfSf;F Vw;w

tifapYk; NjHr;rpfSf;F Vw;gTk; NghjpasT fw;wy; cgfuzq;fisj; jahhpj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jhik> kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jpa cgfuzq;fis tFg;giwapy;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;glhikAk; ghJfhf;fg;glhikAk; ngUq;Fiwghlhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

NkYk; Njh;r;rpfSf;fikthf cgfuzq;fisg; ghlhPjpahf jahhpf;fTk; gad;gLj;jTk;

,lHg;gl;ljd; fhuzk; jahhpg;Gf;fhd El;gq;fspy; NghjpasT gapw;rpapd;wpf;
fhzg;gl;likahFk;. mj;Jld; ,t;thwhd jkJ ,lh;g;ghLfis eptHj;jp nra;tjw;F
Kaw;rpf;fhjikAk; fhuzkhFk;

,d;Dk; ghlrhiyapy; mike;Js;s R+oypYk; cgfuzq;fisg; ghJfhf;ff;$ba

tha;g;Gk; mhpjhff;fhzg;gl;lJ.

Fwpf;Nfhs; fhuzkhf vO tpdhf;fs;

1. juk; 1y; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfis Vd; MrphpaHfs; Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy ?

2. mjpgH Vd; ,J gw;wpf; ftdnkLf;ftpy;iy ?

3. ,ij eptH;j;jp nra;a jilfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdth ?

4. cjtpfs; Ghpe;jhy; Ma;Tg; gpur;ridf;F jPHT fhz KbAkh?

fy;tpj;Jiwf;F Ma;thshpd; gq;fspg;G

1.1.1 Muk;gf;fy;tp Mrphpauhf flikNaw;wj;jpypUe;J Nrit Kd; gapw;rp (Pre service)

Muk;gf;fy;tp MrphpaH gapw;rp Nghd;witfSlhfTk;> nraykHTfs; ClhfTk;,

Nritf;fhy Mrphpa MNyhrfuhfg; ngw;w mDgtq;fs; ClhfTk; fy;tp mikr;R

%yKk; nray;epiy Ma;T njhlHghd mwpT kw;Wk; mDgtq;fs; ngwf;$bajhf

,Ue;jd.
1.1.2 ,dq;fhzg;glhj gpur;ridfs; ,dq;fhzg;gLjy;.

gy topfspy; ngw;w nray;epiy Ma;T njhlHghd tpla mwpT %yk;

ghlrhiyf;Fr; nrd;W tFg;giwfis ghHitapl;l Ntisapy; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy;;

khztHfSf;F Jizahff; ifahs ghlq;fSf;fikthf Njitahd msT

cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;glhikahFk;. gad; gLj;jg;glhikf;fhd fhuzk;

NghjpasT cgfuzq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;likahFk;. ,jw;fhd fhuzq;fis

mwptjw;fhf mjpgH MrphpaHfSld; fye;JiuahbAk;> tpdhf;nfhj;J toq;fpAk;

(Kw;Nrhjid) fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.

MrphpaHfSf;F juk; 1w;Fhpa cgfuzq;fs; jahhpf;Fk; El;g mwpT NghjpasT

fpilf;fhikAk;> Kjd;ik epiyf;F gapw;wg;glhikAk;> %yg; nghUl;fs;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sypYk; ,lHghLfs; Nghd;w fhuzq;fs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld.

1.1.3 gpur;rpid jPHg;gjw;fhd cghaq;fis fz;lwpjy;.

fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapd; NghJ Mrphpahpd; jLkhw;wk; khztH Fog;gk;

vd;gtw;iwapl;L MrphpaH> mjpgH> ngw;whH MfpNahUld; tFg;giwapy;

mtjhdpj;j tplaq;fisapl;L fye;Jiwahb fw;wy;> fw;wypd; NghJ vt;thW

mikjpahfTk; XOq;F KiwapYk; FOf;fshfTk; Neu XJf;fPl;bw;F Vw;gTk;

nraw;gl cgfuzg;gad;ghLfs;; mjpfhpj;jhy; cjTk; vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ kpfTk; ,yFthfTk; ,lHghbd;wpAk; NjHr;rp kl;lj;ij

khztHfs; milaf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fpilf;Fk; vDk; fUj;J toq;fg;gl;lJ.

cgfug;gad;ghLfs; mhpfhpj;jhy; kpfTk; ,yFthfTk; ,lHghL ,d;wpAk;

khztHfs; NjHr;rpkl;lj;ij milaf;$ba tha;Gf; fpilf;Fk; vDk; fUj;Jk;

toq;fg;gl;lJ.

NkYk; MrphpaUf;F ghlhPjpahf NjHr;rpfSf;F Vw;g jahhpf;f Ntz;ba

cgfuzq;fspd; gl;bay;fs; ju cs;sl

P ;bypUe;J nghUl;fs; ngwTk;

ntspahl;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. NkYk; cgfuzj; jahhpg;GfSf;F

vdJ Vida Nritf;fhy Mrphpa MNyhrfHfspdJk; juk; 2 MrphpaHfspdJk;
cjtpAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. Nkw;ghHitahsHfshf ,g;ghlrhiyapd; mjpgH

kw;Wk; PIS ,izg;gshpd; cjtpiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

1.2 gpur;rpid Vw;gl;l R+oyikT (Ma;Tg; gpd;dzp)
kl;lf;fsg;G fy;tp tyaj;jpy; mike;Js;s Gjpjhf epWtg;gl;l ,g;ghlrhiyapy; ehd;F

miwfs; nfhz;l xU fl;llk; khj;jpuk; fhzg;gLtjdhy; juk; 01 ntspapYs;s

gidkl;ilahy; ngw;Nwhhpdhy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l jw;fhypf fl;llj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wJ.

,jd; fhuzkhf cgfuzq;fs; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;> ghJfhj;jypy; rpukq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ,t;tFg;gpy; ftpd; epiyiag; NgzKbatpy;iy. NkYk;

,j;juj;jpy; fw;gpf;Fk; MrphpaHKjd;ik epiy 01 w;F gapw;rp ngwhjtH. juk; 01 w;fhfd

Gjpa fy;tpr; rPHjpUj;j kWrPuikg;G tplaq;fs; gw;wpa gapw;rpfs; ngwhjikAk;> mwpa

Ntz;Lk; vDk; MHtKk; mf;fiwAk; ,d;wp ,Ue;jikAk; MFk;. mj;Jld; MrphpaHfs;

cgfuz jahhpg;gpw;fhd El;gq;fs; gw;wp mwptpd;ikAk; J}u ,lq;fspypUe;J

tUfpd;wikAk; fhuzkhFk;. NkYk; ,t;thwhd gapw;rpaw;w Mrphpaiu juk; 01 w;F

fw;gpf;f xOq;F nra;j mjpghpd; nghWg;gw;w jd;;ikAk;> MrphpaH gw;wpa jfty;

ngwhikAk; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplf;jf;fJ. mLj;jJ mjpgH fzpzpj;Jiwiar; rhHe;J ,Ue;j

fhuzj;jhy; Muk;gf;fy;tp gw;wpa mwptpd;ikAk;> mf;fiwapd;ikANkahFk;. ,jd;

fhuzkhf cs;sf Nkw;ghHitfSk; eilngwhikahy; ,t; ,lHg;ghL

,dq;fhzg;gltpy;iy.

,g;glrhiyapy; fw;Fk; khztHfspd; ngw;NwhH r%fk; rpW njhopy;fs; Ghpfpd;wikahy;

nghUshjhuj;jpYk; gpd;jq;fpAs;sdH. ,jdhy;; cgfuzj; jahhpg;gpw;F (nghUshjhu)

cjtp toq;f KbahJs;sdH.

juk; 01 tFg;gpy; fw;Fk; gps;isfspd; ngw;NwhH fy;tpawpT Fiwe;jtHfshfTk;

gps;isfspd; fy;tpapy; mf;fiw ,y;yhjtHfshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH. ,t;twhd

r%fg; gpd;zzpiaf; nfhz;L ,g;ghlrhiy ,aq;Fk; epiyapy; ngw;whH cgfuzg;

gad;ghLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp mwpahikapdhy; ,J njhlHghf rpe;jpf;fNth

nraw;ghLfSf;F MrphpaUf;F cjt Kd;tuhj epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhYk;;

juk; 01 tFg;G cgfuzg; gad;ghLfspd;wp nraw;ghLfs; gpd;dilTld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1.3ghlrhiyapd; tuyhW

,g;glrhiy 2012k; Mz;L ij khjk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpgUld; ,uz;L MrphpaHfs;

khj;jpuk; flikahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. murhq;ff; fhzpapy; mike;Js;s khjH rq;ff;
fl;llj;jpy; jw;fhypfkhf ,e;jg; ghlrhiy eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

khjH rq;ff; fl;llj;jpw;F mUfpYs;s 150’ mfyk; x 160’ ePsk; gug;Gf; nfhz;l
nghJf;fhzp fhzg;gl;lJ. ghlrhiyf;F epue;jukhd fl;llk; mikf;f mjpgH ghlrhiy
mgptpUj;jpr; rq;f cWg;gpdHfs;> ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp ,izg;gsH (Nritf;fhy
Mrphpa MNyhrfH) MfpNahHfs; ,ize;J VwhT+Hg;gw;W gpuNjr nrayhshplk;
tpz;zg;gpj;J ghlrhiyf;fhd fhzpiag; ngw;W tyaf;fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsH
mDkjpAlDk; cjtpAlDk; ehd;F tFg;giwfisf; nfhz;l fl;llk; xd;iw
epue;jukhf mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldH.

2012y; juk; 01 tFg;gpy; 76 khztH mDkjp ngw;wdH. 2 gphpTfshf juk; 01 A vdTk;

juk; 01 B vdTk; gphpj;J khztHfis rkdhf xU gphptpw;F 38 vd toq;fg;gl;L
ghlrhiy eilngw;wJ. 2015y; xU Gjpa 4 miwfisf; nfhz;l fl;llk; mikf;fgg;l;L
tUfpd;wJ.

njhlHe;J 2012mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; 2016Mk; Mz;L tiu xt;NthU juq;fshf

cae;J 2016k; Mz;L ,e;jtUlk; juk; 05 Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khztHfs; njhifAk;
Mz;fs; 175 ck; ngz;fs; 188 MfTk; nkhj;j khztHfs; 355 Mf mjpfhpj;Js;sdH.
,t;thW tFg;Gf;fs; cau cau MrphpaHfs;; njhifAk; caHe;J ,t;tUlk; (2016)
Mz; MrphpaHfs; 02 NgUk; ngz; MrphpaHfs; 07 NgUk; xU rpw;W}opaUk;
flikahw;Wfpd;wdH.

,g;ghlrhiy Muk;gpj;J tsHj;njLj;j mjpgH nrd;w tUlk; 2015 3e; jtizapy;

,iwtdb va;jpaikahy; mtuJ flikia mNj ghlrhiyapy; flikahw;wpa rpNul;l
MrphpaNu nghWg;ngLj;J elhj;jpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;whH.

jw;NghJ fy;tpj;jpizf;fsj;jpd; mDruizAld; ehd;F tFg;giwfs; nfhz;l xU

epue;jukhd Gjpa fl;llk; cUthfpAs;sJ.

fPNo fhzg;gLk; cU Muk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l jw;fhypff; fl;llKk;> mjd;

Kd;gf;fj;Njhw;wKk;
 7

1.4 Ma;Tg;gpur;rpid njhlHghd fy;tprhH nfhs;iffs;

“juk; 1y; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapy; cgfuzg; gad;ghL ,y;iy” vd;gJ vdJ
Ma;Tg; gpur;rpidahFk;. fy;tprhH nfhs;ifapd;gb NjHr;rpabg;gilapy; cgfuzq;fs;
jahhpf;fg;gl;L gad;ghLfs; fl;lhak; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

tFg;giwapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;F gad;Lj;jpa cgfuzq;fs; xOq;F

Kiwapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; Ntisapy; tFg;giw
ftpd; epiy jhdhfNt cUthFk;. tFg;giw ftpd;epiy kdijf;ftUk; tifapy;
fw;wy; cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jpagpd; fhl;rpg;gLj;jypd; %yk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gps;is
ghHf;ff;$ba re;jHg;gk; Vw;gLtjdhy; Qhgfg;gLj;jYld; fw;wy; njhlHghd tpUg;G
Vw;gLk;. ghle;njhlHghd NjHr;rpfspYk;> mbg;gil NjHr;rpfs;> nghJj; NjHr;rpfspYk;
tpUj;jpia milaf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLk;;.

NkYk; Muk;gg; gphpT tFg;Gf;fs; xU G+Q;Nrhiy Nghd;W cgfuzg; gad;ghLfshYk;

fhl;rpg;gLj;jypdhYk; khwNtz;Lk; vDk; $w;W nkhd;wpNrhhp mk;ikahhpdhy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. kuG hPjpahd fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisj;

jtpH;jJ
; fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gl;l fy;tp kWrPuikg;Gf; nfhs;if
eltbf;iffSf;fikthf kdq;ftUk; ghlE}y;fis toq;Fjy;> ftHr;rpfukhd
tFg;giwr; RoYk;> nghUj;jkhd fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fis jahH nra;J
gad;gLj;JjYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW cgfuzg; gad;ghLfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

Muk;gg;gphpT fiyj;jpl;lk; Njrpa kl;lf;nfhs;if MfpaitfSf;F Vw;g MrphpaH

mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs;> ghlE}y;fs; %yk; tFg;giwf; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ cgfuzg; gad;ghLfspdhy; ,yF gLj;jYld; khztHfs;
kfpo;r;rpahf nraw;gl;Lf; fw;fTk;> fw;wy; ngWNgWfis mjpfhpf;fr; nra;aTk;> re;jHg;gk;
Vw;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

vdNt ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gf;fy;tp fiyj;jpl;lg;gb Muk;gg;ghpTfspy; midj;Jj;

juq;fspYk; cgfuzg; gad;ghL mjpfkhff; fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; cgfuzg;
gpuNahfj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp gpuNahff; nfhs;iff;fikthf nraw;gLk; Ntisapy;
tFg;giwapy; khztHfs; kfpo;r;rpAld; rpwg;ghd <Lghl;Lld; fhzg;gLtjhy;
milTkl;lk; mjpfhpf;f tha;Gf;fpilf;fpwJ.

Gjpa fy;tp rPHjpUj;jj;jpy; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW Muk;gf; fy;tp fiyj;jpl;lg;gb

Muk;gg;ghpT tFg;Gf;fs; %d;W epiyfshf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,jw;fika Kjd;ikepiy xd;wpy; juk; xd;W kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; tFg;Gf;fspy; fw;wy;

fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs; $Ljyhf nraw;ghLfs;> tpisahl;Lf;fs; rhHe;jjhfNt

mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfshf nraw;ghLfs; tpidj;jpwD}ld;

eilngw Ntz;Lkhapd; fw;wy; Jizr;rhjdq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kpf cah;thd kl;lj;jpy;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW fhzg;gLk; gl;rj;jpNyNa Kjd;ik epiy xd;Wf;fhd

fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fis milaKbAk;. vdNt vdJ Ma;Tf;Fhpa ghlrhiyapd;

Fwpj;j Kjyhk; tFg;gpy; jutpUj;jpfspd; gpuNahfk; Fiwthd kl;lj;jpy;

MrphpaHfspdhy; gpuNahfg;gLj;Jtjdhy; khztHfs; mila Ntz;ba NjHr;rpfis

mile;J nfhs;tjpy; jilfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt Kjyhk; tFg;gpy;

fw;wy; Jizr;rjhdg; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jy; vDk; nray;epiy Ma;tpid

ehd; Nkw;nfhs;s gpz;zzpahf mike;j fy;tprhH nfhs;ifahFk;.

1.5 juT Nrfhpf;Fk; El;gq;fs;

1 Ma;Tf;F Kw; Nrhjid

 tpdhf;nfhj;J

1. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wdth? Mk; /

,y;iy

2. tFg;gpy; NghjpasT Jizr;rhjdq;fs; NghjpasT cs;sdth? Mk; / ,y;iy

3. cgfuzj; jahhpg;gpw;fhd %yg;nghUl;fs; cs;sdth? Mk; / ,y;iy

4. jahhpg;gjpy; ,lHg;ghLfs; cs;sdth? Mk; / ,y;iy

5. ePq;fs; Kjd;ik epiy 01w;Fk; cgfuzj; jahhpf;Fk; ,yF Kiwikfs;> El;gq;fs;

gw;wpa gapw;rp ngw;Ws;sHP fsh? Mk; / ,y;iy

6. cq;fs; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jYf;fhd tsq;fs; jahhpf;ff;$ba %yg;nghUl;fs;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sypy; ,lHghLfs; cs;sdth? Mk; / ,y;iy

7. fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jYf;fhd Njitahd Jizr;rjhdq;fisAk; jahhpj;jYf;F

cjtpfisAk; NtW egHfsplk;; ngwKbAkh? Mk; / ,y;iy

8. cgfuzq;fspd; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpf;f itf;f KbAkh? Mk; / ,y;iy

9. cgfuzq;fs; jahhpf;Fk; gapw;rpfs; toq;fpshy; gq;Fgw;w KbAkh? Mk; / ,y;iy

10. tFg;giwapy; fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jy; Jizr;rhjdq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jTk; ghJfhf;fTk;

KbAkh? Mk; / ,y;iy

11. cgfuzq;fq;fspd; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpg;gjdhy; fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jypy; NjHr;rp

kl;lj;ij mjpfhpf;f KbAkh? Mk; / ,y;iy

vd tpdhf;fs; vOg;gpd. ,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,e;jg; ghlrhiyapy; vkJ

nray; epiy Ma;tpid MrphpaHfsplk; Kd;ndLj;Njd;.

2 gpw;Nrhjid tpdhf;nfhj;J

1. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapy; tFg;giwapy; rhjdq;fspd; gad;ghL

mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdth ? Mk; / ,y;iy

2. tFg;giwapy; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfs; mjpfhpj;j gpd;dH ftpd; epiyapy; khw;wk;

Vw;gl;Ls;sjh ? Mk; / ,y;iy

3. cgfuzg; gad;ghLfspd; mjpfhpg;gpd; gpd;dH gad; ngWNthH kfpo;r;rpahf

cs;sduh ? Mk; / ,y;iy

 4. tFg;gpy; fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapd; NghJ tsq;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpdhy; NjHr;rp

kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhpg;G fhzg;gLfpd;wdth ? Mk; / ,y;iy

5. tFg;gpy; Jidr;rhjdq;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpdhy; khztH tuT, mjpfhpg;G

fhzg;gLfpd;wdth ? Mk; / ,y;iy

1.6 ml;ltizg;gl;bay;
Ntiyj; jpl;lk;
nraw;ghLfs; fhy ml;ltiz

1tJ khjk; 2tJ khjk; 3tJ khjk; Fwpg;G

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 mDkjp ngwy; 1

Ma;Tj;jpl;lkply; 1 1
2
(gpur;ridia ,zq;fhdy;)

$l;lk; - mjpgH 1 1
3
MrphpaHfSf;fhd $l;lk;

nraykHT 1 1 1
4
MrphpaHfSf;fhd gapw;rp

5 tbtk; I,II,III 1 1

6 jfty; (juT) Nrfhpj;jy; 1 1

7 juTg; gFg;gha;T 1

nraw;ghLfis 1 1 1 1
8
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

mtjhdpj;jy; 1 1 1
I. 1
9
II. 1
III. 1 1

MrphpaH khjhe;j 1 1
10
fye;Jiuahly;

11 ,Wjp kjpg;gPL 1 1 1

12 gFg;gha;T -
jpl;lKk; nraw;gbfSk;
xU nraw;ghl;bid rpwe;j Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;Ntz;Lkhapd; mq;F rhpahd jpl;lkply;
Ntz;Lk;. vdNt Fwpj;j ,uz;L MrphpaHfSf;F cgfuzj; jahhpj;jypy; ,lHg;ghLfs;
fhzg;gLtij czHe;J nfhz;Nld;. Mifahy; ,t; MrphpaHfSf;F ,yFthd
El;gq;fis gad;gLj;jp gbKaiwahd nraw;gLj;jy;fis jpl;lkpl;Nld;.
nraw;ghl;L nraw;ghLfs; tsk; juT Nrfhpf;Fk;
Kiwfs; Kiw
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;
Ma;Tg;gpur;rpidia Ntisapid tFg;giw mtjhdpg;G gbtk;
1 ,dq;fz;L $wy; mtjhdpj;J Nkw;ghHitg; gbtk; fye;Jiuahly;
,lHghLfis Fwpg;Gg; Ngzy;
Kiwikg;gLj;jy;
2 mDkjp ngwy; fbjk; cWjpg;gLj;jy; fbjk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l
fbjk;
1.,lHghlhd
$l;lKk;, tplaq;fs;
fye;JiwahlYk;, fye;Jiuahb ,lHghl;L ml;ltiz mwpf;if
cgfuzj; ,dq;fhl;ly; jPHTf;fhd jPHTfis
3 jahhpg;Gf;fhd 2.,jw;fhd jPHTfis MNyhridfs; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba
El;gq;fs;, Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba jiyg;Gf;fs; topKiwfs;
Fwpg;Gf;fs;
tsq;fs; tplaq;fs;
Kd;itj;jy;
fye;Jiwahly; gbtq;fs; mwpf;if >gbtq;fs;
4 jfty; Nrfhpj;jy; Kw;Nrhjid tpdhf;nfhj;J NeHfhzy;
tpdhf;nfhj;J
R+oypYs;s cz;ikg;
NjHr;rpj; jiyg;G nghUl;fs;.
njhpT> tsq;fs; ,iyfs;> %bfs;> jahhpf;fg;gl;l
5 MrphpaHfSf;fhd Nrfhpg;G rpg;gpfs;, tpijfs;> cgfuzq;fspd;
gapw;rp gapw;rpahsHfshy; Ngzpf;fs;> rpul;il gl;bay;
nraw;ghl;L El;gq;fs; Nghd;witfs;. tpwprp
Nkw;nfhs;sy; kl;il> gir>
fj;jpNfhy;
R+oypYs;s cz;ikg;
NjHr;rpj; jiyg;G nghUl;fs;.
njhpT> tsq;fs; ,iyfs;> %bfs;> jahhpf;fg;gl;l
6 Nrfhpg;G> rpg;gpfs;> tpijfs;> cgfuzq;fspd;
tbtk; i, ii, iii gapw;rpahsHfshy; Ngdhf;fs;> rpwl;il
nraw;ghl;L El;gq;fs; Nghd;witfs;. tpwprp; gl;bay;
Nkw;nfhs;sy; kl;il> gir>
fj;jpNfhy;
cgfuzq;fis ml;ltiz tiuG
7 gFg;gha;Tk; tiuGk; tifg;gLj;jy; tiuT glk; cgfuzj;njhFjp
tiujy;
mtjhdpj;jy;
I Nkw;ghHitAk; nrt;it ghHj;jy;
8 mtjhdpg;Gk; gbtk; gbtq;fs; mwpf;if
II
III
9 MrphpaH khjhe;j fye;Jiuahly; Kd;ida mwpf;ifs;
fye;Jiuahly; NeHfhzy; ml;ltizfs;
,Wjp kjpg;gL
P k; mtjhdpj;jy; Kd;ida ml;ltiz tiuG
gFg;gha;T juTfspd; ml;ltiz ml;ltizfs;
nrt;itg; ghHj;jy; gbtk;
cjhuzk;

,lHghld cgfuzq;fs; cgfuzq;fs;

cgfuzq;fspd; epiwNtw;wg;gl;litAk; mtjhdpf;fgl;l nkhj;jk;
tiffs; jlitfSk;

1 2 3 4 5

1 cz;ikg; nghUl;fs; √ √ √ √ 15

2 khjphp cUf;fs; √ √ √ √ 10

3 glq;fs; √ √ √ √ 20

4 tbtq;fs; √ √ 35

epwq;fSlhd
5 √ √ √ √ √ 25
nghUl;fs;

etPd cgfuzq;fs;
6 (xyp xspg;gjpT √ √ √ 3
ehlhf;fs;)

7 ntsp ,lq;fs; √ √ √ √ √ 5

,t;thwhd tifapy; cgfuzq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;L milahskply;, Ie;J jlitfs;

mtjhdpj;J MNyhridAk; nraw;ghLfSk; toq;Fjy; %yk; gads;s
tpidj;jpwDila cgfuzg; gad;ghl;il cUthf;f Kbe;jd.

gFjp 2

2.1 Ma;Tg;gpur;rpid jPHg;gjw;fhd jpl;lKk; nraw;gbfSk;

jiyaPLfs; 01

ghlrhiy jhprpg;G Ntisapy; juk; 01 tFg;giwiag; ghHitapl;Nld;. mt;Ntisapy;

fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ khztHfSf;F vJtpj cgfuzq;fSk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy.
tha;nkhopahNyNa rfy tpsf;fq;fSk; nfhLj;J $w itf;fg;gl;ld. gps;isfs; jkJ
tpUg;gk; Nghy nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; fz;Nld;. Mrphpahpd; tpsf;fq;fSk;
NjHr;rpf;F mikthf fhzg;gltpy;iy. MrphpaH nraw;ghLfSk; khztH
nraw;ghLfSk; xd;wpide;J nry;yhky; ,lHgLtijAk;> jLkhWtijAk; fz;Nld;.
MrphpUld; fye;Jiuahba NghJ fpilj;j jfty;fs;

juk; 01 fw;gpf;Fk; MrphpaH Kjd;ikepiy xd;wpf;Fg; gapw;rp ngwhjtH. mj;Jld;

cgfuzj; jahhpg;Gf;fSf;fhd gapw;rp ngwg;glhjtH. mtH jdJ ,ayhikia
ntspg;gLj;jTk; Vida MrphpHfsplk; cjtp NfhuTk; tpUg;gkpy;iy vd;gij mwpe;J
nfhz;Nld;.

tFg;ghrphpahplk; Kw;Nrhjid tpdhf;fs; toq;fp mtjhdpj;Njd;.

jiyaPLfs; 01

juk; 01y; cgfuzg; gad;ghL ,d;ik njhlHghf ghlrhiy mjpghplk;

fye;JiuahbNdd;.

mjpghplk; vdJ nray;epiy Ma;Tj; jiyg;ghf juk; 01 tFg;gpy; cgfuzg;

gad;ghLfis mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Ak; nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;sTs;Nsd;. ,jw;F cq;fsJ
mDkjpAk; xj;Jiog;Gk; Njitnad Nfl;Nld;. mDkjpAk; xj;Jiog;Gk; toq;fpdhH.

jiyaPLfs; 02

tyaf;fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsH> cjtpf; fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsHfsplKk; mDkjp NfhhpNdd;.

fpilj;jJ. nray; epiy Ma;Tr; nraw;ghLfis Muk;gpj;Njd;.

jiyaPLfs; 03

ngw;whUld; fye;Jiuahly; $l;lk; Nkw;nfhz;Nld;. mjpgH juk; 01 MrphpaH>

ngw;whHfisAk; xd;wpidj;J juk; 01 tFg;giw mikj;jiyAk; mjpy; ftpd; epiyia
mjpfhpj;jy; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfis mjpfhpf;f itj;jy; %yk; NjHr;rpkl;l militf;
$l;Ljy; vdTk; ,jw;fhd nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLf;fTs;Nsd;. cq;fshy; xj;Jiog;G
toq;f KbAkh vd tpdtpa NghJ midj;Jg; ngw;NwhHfSk; rk;kjk; njhptpj;jdH.
jw;fhypf fl;llk; mikf;Fk; MNyhridAk; toq;fpdH.

gidkl;il> kuf;fopT> njd;dq; fpLF> %yk; %d;W tFg;giwfisf; nfhz;ljhf ePsk;

30’x10’ mfyk; nfhz;l jw;fhypf fl;llk; mikj;Jj; je;jdH.
jiyaPLfs; 04

mLj;jjhf MrphpaHfSf;F cgfuzj ;jahhpg;G gw;wpa mwpitAk; El;gq;fisAk;

toq;f nghUj;jkhfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; toq;ff;$batHfshfTk; ghz;bj;jpak;
fhzg;gl;l Muk;gg;gphpT Nritf;fhy Mrphpa MNyhrfHfs; (Muk;gf;fy;tp) ,Utiu
<LgLj;jpAk; vdJ MNyhridfisAk; El;gq;fisAk; toq;fpAk; juk; 01
MrphpaHfSf;F gapw;rpfs; toq;f Maj;jk; nra;Njd;. ,tHfSld; fye;Jiuahb fw;wy;
tsq;fs; jahhpg;gjw;fhd NjHr;rpj; jiyg;Gf;fisj; njhpT nra;Njd;.

mLj;jjhf jahhpf;fTs;s cgfuzq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhfTk; ,yFtpYk;

ngwf;$ba nghUl;fisg; gl;bay; gLj;jpNdd;.

maw; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s rpy jdpahH tHj;jfHfsplk; ghlrhiyapd; epiyiaAk; tpsf;fp

cjtp Nfhhp vOJfUtpfs;> gir> epwtHzq;fSk; fhfpjhjpfSk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

jiyaPLfs; 05

njhlh;e;J ehd;F ehl;fs; ghlrhiy Kbtile;j gpd;dH gp.g 1.45 kzp njhlf;fk; gp.g
3.00 kzptiu 2 thuq;fSf;F fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Jizr; rhjdq;fs; jahhpg;gjw;fhd
El;gq;fisAk; mwpitAk; tsthsHfs; %yk; toq;fpNdd;. cw;rhfkhfTk;
kfpo;r;rpAlDk; Kd;te;J nraw;gl;ldH.

gpd;dpizg;G 08

vdpDk; ,d;Dk; El;gq;fSf;fhd gapw;rpfs; MrphpaHfSf;F Njiiahf cs;sij

mtjhdpj;Njd;. kPz;Lk; 4 ehl;fs; (rdpf;fpoikfs;) mtHfSld; ehDk; $l
MrphpaHfSld; ,ize;J ,Ue;J cgfuzq;fis jahhpf;f topg;gLj;jpNdd;. R+oypy;
ngwf;$ba ,aw;ifg; nghUl;fis Njbg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s MNyhridAk; topfhl;lYk;
nfhLj;Njd;. tpj;Jf;fs;> rpg;gpfs;> rq;F> Nghj;jy; %bfs;> Nfhg;igfs; Nrfhpj;Jf;
nfhz;ldH.
mjpghplk; mbf;fb ,U MrphpaHfsplDk; RKfkhff; fye;Jiuahb cw;rhfg;gLj;JkhWk;
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nld;. mtuJ Nkw;ghHitAld; ehDk; mbf;fb tp[ak; nra;J ghHitapl;L
NkYk; NkYk; ghuhl;Lf;fSk; MNyhridfSk; toq;fpNdd;.

jiyaPLfs; 06
kPz;Lk; mLj;jthuk; ghlrhiyf;F nrd;W Nrfhpj;j cgfuzq;fisAk; jahhpj;j
glq;fisAk; ghlhPjpahfTk; NjHr;rp mbg;gilapYk; fhl;rpg;gLj;j cjtpNdd;.
kpfr;rpwg;ghfTk; cw;rhfkhfTk; nraw;gl;ldH. khztH nrayilTf; NfhitfisAk;
,yf;fq;fs; nfhLj;J njhq;ftpl;ldH. ghlrhiy tFg;giw kpfTk; Neu;j;jpahf ftpd;
epiyAld; fhzg;gl;lJ. Vida Muk;gf;fy;tp MrphpaHfSk; gh;itapl;L kfpo;rpAld;
ghHitapl;L nrd;wdH.
jiyaPLfs; 07
jahhpj;j cgfuzq;fSlhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntisapy;
vt;thwhd khw;wq;fSk; ,yFgLj;jy;fSk; ,Ug;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s gpw;Nrhjid
tpdhf;fis toq;fpNdd;. khztH tuT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. kfpo;r;rpahf khztH
nraw;gLfpd;wdH. tFg;giw ftpd; epiy mile;Js;sJ. NjHr;rpkl;l mjpfhpg;G
Vw;g;Ls;sJ. Neuk; tPdbf;fg;glhky; Rakhf khztH xOq;F Kiwapy;
nraw;gLfpd;wdH.

jiyaPLfs; 08
,Wjpahf tyaf;fy;tpg;gzpg;ghsH cjtpf; fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsH (Muk;gf;fy;tp) Vida
Muk;gf;fy;tp MrphpaHfs;> khztH> mjpgH cgfuz jahhpg;Gfis ghHitapl;L ghuhl;b
MrphpaHfis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpdhH.
cU
gFjp 3
3.1 nraw;gbfspd; mKyhf;fKk; Ma;thsH ngw;w mDgtq;fSk;
Fwpj;j ,yf;fpid mila Ntz;Lkhapd; nraw;ghLfis jpl;lkpl;L nraw;gLj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; vd;w tifapy; MrphpaHfspd; cgfuzj; jahhpg;gpw;fhd ,lHg;ghLfis
mtjhdpj;J jPHT fhZk; tifapy; ,q;F El;gq;fis nfhLj;J nraw;ghLfspd;
jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd;.
Fwpj;j ghlj;ij fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapd; NghJ nghUj;jkhd cgfuz
gad;ghLfis mtjhdpj;Njd;. khztHfspy; rpyUf;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd. rpyH
ntWkNd mkHe;jpUe;jdH.
rpy Neuq;fspy; MrphpaH cgfuzq;fs; Njitg;gLk; Ntisapy; jLkhWtijAk;
fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
,jid mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L juk; 1 tFg;giwapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapd; NghJ
ghlhPjpahf nghUj;jkhd Njh;r;rpf;F mikthfTk; cgfuzq;fs; Nghjpastpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sij ,dq;fz;Nld;. Mdhy; MrphpaUld; fye;Jiuahba
NghJ fpilj;j jftypd;gb cgfuzj ;jahhpg;gpw;fhd El;gq;fSk; %yg;nghUl;fSk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpYk; trjpaw;w epiy fhzg;gl;ljpdhy; ,it ,uz;bidAk;
ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Nld;. ,jw;fikthf cjtpf;fy;tp gzpg;ghsH Muk;gf;fy;tp
kw;Wk; Vida Mrphpa MNyhrfHfspd; cjtpiaAk; ngw;W vdJ MNyhridiaAk;
toq;fp ,lHghLfis ePf;fpNdd;. %yg;nghUl;fis mUfpYs;s tpahghu
epiyaq;fspYk; juT cs;sPl;L nghUl;fspypUe;Jk; cz;ikg;nghUl;fis R+oypUe;Jk;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.
,r;nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s njhlHr;rpahf ghlrhiyf;F nrd;W Nkw;ghHit nra;a
Kbahj fhyq;fspy; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp ,zg;ghsH vdf;F gjpyhf Nkw;ghHit
tplaq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L cjtpdhH.
NkYk; cgfuzj;jahhpg;gpw;fhd %yg;nghUl;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sypYk;
nraw;gbfSf;fhd Neu xJf;fL P fis nra;J nfhs;tjpYk; mjpf rpukq;fs; fhzg;gl;l
NghjpYk; nraw;ghLfspd; epiwtpd;NghJ jpl;lkplYf;F Vw;g xOq;FKiwahf
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ kdjpw;F jpUg;jpiaf; nfhLj;jJ.

3.2 juk; 1 tFg;gpy; cgfuzg;gad;ghL ,d;ikiaj; jPH;f;f Kaw;rpj;j NghJ

vjpHNehf;fpa rthy;fs;

1. juk; 01 fw;gpf;Fk; MrphpaHfSf;F Kjd;ik epiy 01 w;fhd gapw;rp ngwhjtH

Mifahy; chpa nghUj;jkhd cgfuzq;fs; jahhpg;G El;gq;fspd;
gapw;rpapd;ik.

2. ,jd; fhuzkhf tFg;giwf; ftpd; epiyia khw;wpaikg;gjpy; mf;fiwapd;wp

,Ue;jik.

3. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;fhd cs;sPLfis vq;F ? vt;thW

ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk; vd;gjpy; mwpe;J nfhs;sypy; ,lHghL fhzg;gl;lJ.

4. fhl;rpg;gLj;jYf;fhd ,lKk; gyifAk; xJf;fpf;nfhs;s Kbahik.

 5. cgfuzj; jahhpg;gpw;fhd Neuj;jpid vt;thW xJf;fpf; nfhs;syhk; vDk;
jpl;lkplypy; gpur;rpid.

6. NjHr;rpj; jiyg;gpw;fika nghUj;jkhd fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fis njhpT nra;tjpy;

Vw;gl;l ,lHghLfs;.

7. juk; 01 tFg;ghrphpaH VidatHfsplk; (MrphpaHfs;> Ntitf;fhy Mrphpa

MNyhrfH my;yJ nghUj;jkhdtHfsplk;) jdJ Njitiaf; $wp cjtp Nfhu
tpUk;ghikAk; mf;fiwapd;ikAkhFk;.

,t;thwhd rthy;fis ehd; Kw;Nrhjid tpdhf;;fs; %yKk; jpwe;j fye;Jiuahly;fs;

%yKk; jilfSf;fhd fhuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nray; epiy Ma;Tf;Fj;
jpl;lkpl;Nld;.

3.3 ,t;thW juk; 01 tFg;gpy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Ntisapy; gad; gLj;jj; Njitahd
cgfuzq;fisj; jahhpg;gjpy; Nkw;nfhz;lit

1. eyd; tpUk;gpfsplkpUe;J fhfpjhjpfs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

2. ju cs;sPl;bypUe;Jk; ngw;NwhHfspd; rpwpa md;gspg;G nghUl;fspypUe;jk;

cgfuzj; jahhpg;Gg; nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

3. NjHr;rpj; jiyg;Gf;fs; nghUj;jkhfj; njhpT nra;a juk; 2 tFg;ghrphpd;

MNyhridiaAk; Muk;gf;fy;tp Nritf;fhy Mrphpa MNyhrfHspd;
MNyhridAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.

4. fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fs; jahhpj;jYf;fhd cjtpia ghz;baj;jpaKs;s juk;

2 MrphpaH, Muk;gf;fy;tp Mrphpa MNyhrfHfsplk; ,Ue;Jk; MNyhridfSk;
cjtpfSk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.

5. fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; %yk; tFg;giwiaf; ftHr;rpfukhf ftpd; epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;F

ghlrhiy Kbe;j gpd;dH 2 kzpj;jpahyq;fSk; rdpf;fpoikfspYk; <Lgl;Nlhk;.

6. ,Wjpapy; mjpgH> tFg;ghrphpaH> Vida Muk;gf;fy;tp MrphpaHfs;\> ngw;NwhHfs;

MfpNahiu mioj;J tpopg;Gzh;Tf; $l;lnkhd;W xOq;F nra;J elhj;jpNdd;.

,t;Ntisapy; midtUk; juk; 01 tFg;gpy; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfspd; mjpfhpg;ig

Nkw;nfhs;s tFg;ghrphpaHfSf;Fk; vdf;Fk; xj;Jiog;G toq;FNthk; vd thf;fspj;jdH.

njhlHe;J Nkw; $wg;gl;ltHfspd; cjtpAls; juk; 01 tFg;giw gpd;tUkhW

xOq;fikf;fg;l;lJ.
3.4 juk; 1 tFg;gpy; jiyaPLfSf;Fg;gpd; fhzg;gl;l khw;wq;fs;

khztHfs; ,l neUf;fkpd;wp Rje;jpukhf FOf;fshf fw;wypy; <Lgl;lijf;

fhzf;FbajhfTs;sJ. fhl;rpg;gyifapy; FO Mf;fq;fs;, jdp Mf;fq;fs; vd
fhl;rpg;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd. jkJ Mf;fq;fs; fhl;rpg;gl;Ls;sijapl;L kfpo;r;rpAk;
ngUkpjKk; milfpd;wdH. VidatHfsplk; (ngw;whHfs;> rNfhjuHfs;> rfkhztHfs;)
$wp kfpo;fpd;wdH.

Rakhf tpUg;Gld; gakpd;wp Kd;te;J nraw;glTk; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd;

NghJ gps;isfs;; FOf;fSf;F jiyikjhq;fTk; tpsf;fkspf;fTk; Kd;tUfpd;wdH.

,jd; fhuzkhf MrphpaH elj;ijapYk; khw;wk;> kfpo;r;rp> Ghpe;JzHT

Vw;gl;Ls;sikiaf; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. KOikahf tpUg;GlDk;
<Lghl;LlDk; nraw;ghLfs; capNuhl;NlhkhfTk; khztH MrphpaH njhlHG- MrphpaH –
MrphpaH njhlHG> MrphpaH – mjpgH njhlHG> MrphpaH – ngw;whH njhlHG
Nghd;witfs; gu];gu Ghpe;JzHTld; fhzg;gLfpd;wikia mtjhdpf;ff; $bajhf
,Ue;jJ.

NkYk; juk; 01 tFg;giwapy; fw;wiy Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vDk; kdg;ghq;F

Vw;gl;Ls;sJld; Vida MrphpaHfSk; ,itfis mtjhdpj;J vkJ tFg;giwapYk;
khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w kdkhw;wk; nhw;Ws;s mtjhdpf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

Muk;gg; gphptpYs;s Vida juq;fspYs;s MrphpaHfs; khztHfs; juk; 01

tFg;giwia ghHitapl tUtJld; jkJ tFg;Gf;fisAk; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jYf;F Vw;w
tifapy; khw;wpaikf;fTk; mjpfstpy; cgfuzg; gad;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd nraw;ghLfspd; <LgLtijAk;, juk; 01 MrphpaHfsplk; ,J njhlHghd
MNyhridfs; Nfl;gijAk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

3.5 juk; 1 tFg;gpy; jiyaPLfSf;F gpd; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;

,U MrphpaHfsplKk; kdkhw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

(i) cgfuzq;fs; NghjpasT jahhpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jjhy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jiy ,yF

gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ue;jd.

(ii) tFg;giw ftpd; epiyia cgfuz fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; %yk; khztH fw;wYf;F

Vw;g ,yFthf khw;wpaikf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

(iii) ,jd; %yk; tFg;giw xOq;fikg;gpYk; khztHfspd; gof;ftof;fq;fspYk;

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kbe;jJ.

(iv) khztH tuT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

 (v) MrphpaH – khztH njhlHghly; fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ
kfpo;r;rpahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(vi) ghlhPjpahd NjHr;rp kl;lk;; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

(vii) ngw;whH ghlrhiy r%f cwT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ngw;whH cjtp Ghptjw;F

Kd;tUfpd;wdH.

(viii) mjpghpd; tFg;giwj; jhprpg;G mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. tFg;ghrphpaH mjpgH njhlHG

Kuz;ghLfspd;wpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(ix) juk; 01 tFg;gpy; cgfuzg; gad;ghLfs; mjpfhpj;Js;sikAk; fw;wy;

fw;gpj;jypy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,yF jd;ikiaAk; Vida tFg;G MrphpaHfs;
ghHitapl;L czHe;Js;sJld; <H;g;G Vw;gl;Ls;sijAk; fhzf;$bajhf
cs;sd.

gFjp 4

4.1 fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSk; (KbTiu)

juk; 01 tFg;giwapy; kkhztHfspilNa cgfuzg; gad;ghl;Lldhd fw;wy; R+oiy

Nkk;gLj;jpajd; gpd;dH MrphpaH kfpo;r;rpAlDk; jpUg;jpAlDk; ngUikAlDk;
jLkhw;wkpd;wpAk; nraw;gLtij mtjhdpf;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ.

fw;wy;, fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ rpukq;fspd;wp ,yFthf nraw;glf;$bajhf cs;sJ vdTk;

khztH tuT mjpfhpj;Js;sjhfTk; MrphpaH $wpdhH. NkYk; jhd; ,d;Dk; tFg;gpy;
Gjpa khw;wq;fis gy;NtW Kiwfspy; Kd;ndLf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sjhfTk; $wpdhH.

,e;j nray; epiy Ma;Tj; jiyg;ig ehd; juk; 01 tFg;gpy; Kd;ndLj;jjd; tpisthf
gy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. tFg;giwr; RoypYk;, ghlrhiyr;
Roypy; kfpo;r;rp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpgH> Mrphpah;fs;> khztHfs;> ngw;;whHfs;>
eyd;tpUk;gpfs; ,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;wdH. ,jD}lhf ey;ynjhU Ghpe;JzHTs;s
ghlrhiyr; r%f cwT fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jw;F ehd; Nkw;nfhz;l nray; epiy Ma;T fhuzkhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. MfNt vdJ
nray; epiy Ma;Tf;Ff; fpilj;j ngU ntw;wpahff; ,ijf; fUJfpd;Nwd;. njhlHe;J
,t;thW nray; epiy Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;L khztHfsJ fw;wy; NgWfs; Nkk;glr;
nra;tjw;F re;jHg;gq;fs; mika Ntz;Lk;nkd gpuhHj;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. Re;jHg;gk; fpilf;Fk;
NghJ VidatHfSf;Fk; ,t;thwhd gy;NtW NjitfSf;Nfw;gTk; mZF Kiwfis
Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s nray;epiy Ma;it Nkw;nfhs;SkhW MNyhridAk;, cjtpAk;
toq;FNtd;.
4.2 MrphpaHfshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJkhd cgfuzq;fs;

 cz;ikg; nghUl;fs; Nrfhpj;jdH

cjhuzk; - cUtq;fs;> rpwpa ghj;jpuq;fs;> tprpy;

 khjphp cUf;fs; jahhpj;jdH

cjhuzk; - ,irf;fUtpfs;> gpuhzpfs;> goq;fs;> fha;fwpfs;> fUtpfs;> ,iyfs;

gz;lq;fs;

 nghUl;fspd; khjphp glq;fs; tiue;J nfhz;ldH

cjhuzk; - cwtpdHfs;> goq;fs;> fha;fwpfs;> G+f;fs;> fUtpfs;> fhiy /

khiyf; fhl;rpg; glq;fs;> xj;j cUf;fs;

 cUf;fs; tiue;jdH / jahhpj;Jf; nfhz;ldH

cjhuzk; - Kg;ghpkhz cUf;fs;

 epwq;fSlhd nghUl;fs; jahhpj;jdH / Nrfhpj;jdH

cjhuzk; - epwf;nfhbfs;, tbtq;fs;, Nghd;wit

 etPd cgfuzq;fs; Nrfhpj;jdH

cjhuzk; - xyp / xspg; gjpT ehlhf;fs;, njhiyf;fhl;rp gad;glj;jf; $bait>

,Wtl;Lf;fs;

 fw;wy; fw;gpj;jYf;fhf njhpT nra;j ,lq;fs;

ghlrhiy tFg;giw> ntspr;#oy;> Vida Njitf;Nfw;g G+e;Njhl;lk;>

fhl;rpfSld; $ba ,lq;fs;.
26
4.3 ml;ltizg; gl;bay; (cgfuzq;fs;)

cgfuzq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;

ghlk; cgfuzq;fs; Njh;rr
; pfs; gadhspfs;

Muk;gj;jpy; vz; Kbtpy; ,Ue;jit vz;

,Ue;jit zpf; zpi
if f

fzpjk; Bd;]; 10 rpg;gp rq;F 200 1.Kd;fzpj 38

Fw;wpfs; 5 tpijfs; 300 vz;zf;fU
jstbtq;f Nrhl%bfs; 250 2.vz;fs;
s; khjphpf; fbfhuk; 7 3.msj;jy;
Kg;ghpkhd 7 4.gzk;
cUj;njhFjpfs; 5.tbtq;fSk;
Nghj;jy;fs; 25 ntspAk;
ghj;jpuq;fs; 7
epwq;fs; 3
tprpy; 1
jstbtq;fpd; 1
njhFjp 1
gir
Rw;whly; glq;fs; 1 glq;fs; - 38 16
rhh; Nghj;jy; 3 cwtpdHfs; 7 fUg;
nraw;ghLf ghj;jpuk; 1 goq;fs; 7 nghUs;fSk;
s; fha;fwpfs; 7 cs;slf;fg;
G+f;fs; 7 gLk;
,iyfs; 7
jhtuk; 7
gpuhdpfs; 7
fhl;rpfs; 7
epwq;fs; 7
ghj;jpuq;fs; 7
tprpy; 7
fapW 7
jha;nkhop glq;fs; 1 glq;fs;
jkpo; gpuhzpfs; 1 cwtpdh;fs;
fha;fzpfs; 1 gpuhzpfs;
G+f;fs; 1 fha;fwpfs;
goq;fs;
G+f;fs;
vOj;Jf;fs;
nrhw;fs;
khjphp cUf;fs;
cz;ikg; nghUl;fs;

nghJ Xsp xyp Xspg;gjpT

ehlhf;fs;
,lq;fs; tFg;giw tFg;giw 38
ghlrhiy
ntspr;R+oy;
G+e;Njhl;lk;

27
4.4 cgfuz gFg;gha;T

ghlk; jahhpf;fg;gl;l cgfuzq;fs;

Muk;gj;jpy; Kbtpy;
nkhop 04 10
fzpjk; 03 13
Rw;whly; 05 12
nghJ(etPd) 00 02

4.5 tiuG

14
12
10
8 Muk;gj;jpy;
6 Kbtpy;
4
2
0
nkhop fzpjk; Rw;;whly; nghJ(etPd)

fPNo fhzg;gLk; cUf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l jw;fhypff; fl;llKk;> mjd;

Kd;gf;fj;Njhw;wKk;
NkNy fhzg;gLk; cUf;fs; 10 ,Yk; khzth;fs; njhl;LzHe;J mDgtpj;Jf;
fw;ff;$ba fw;wy; cgfuzq;fshf fhzg;gl;litfs; 01 ehl;fhl;b gioa Bd;];
Fw;wpfs; rpythFk;.
fPNo fhzg;gLk; 14 cUf;fspYk; gbg;gbahf cgfuzg;gad; ghLfspd mjpfhpg;G
Vw;gl;Ls;sikiaAk;, tFg;giw NeHj;jpahfTk; mofhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
khztHfs; kfpo;r;rpAld; cgfuzq;fisf; ifaho;fpd;wdH. FOthf ,aq;fp
NjitfSf;Nfw;g ciuahb milaNtz;ba NjHr;rp kl;lj;ij milaf; $ba R+oYk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

1.E}ypd; ngaH

“jukhd fw;gpj;jYf;F nray;epiy Ma;T”

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

k`Ufk> ,yq;if

Mz;L – 2016

2.MrphpaH mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

juk; 01

Mz;L - 2015

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

k`Ufk ,yq;if