EEE2003 - EMEC

Transformer
- Introduction

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 1

Content

• Introduction
• Working Principle
• Construction
• Ideal Transformer
• Types / Classification
• Transformation Ratio - K
• EMF Equation

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 2

Introduction
Transformer is a device that
1. transfers electric power from one circuit to another
2. it does so without a change of frequency & power
3. it accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction and
4. where the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each
other.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 3

Working Principle

• A transformer is a static (or stationary) piece of

apparatus by means of which electric power in one
circuit is transformed into electric power of the
same frequency in another circuit.
• It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but
with a corresponding decrease or increase in
current.
• The physical basis of a transformer is mutual
induction between two circuits linked by a
common magnetic flux.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 4

Construction

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 5

Construction - Core

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 6

Ideal Transformer
• An ideal transformer is one which has no losses i.e. its windings have no ohmic resistance, there is no magnetic
leakage and hence which has no I^2R and core losses.
• In other words, an ideal transformer consists of two purely inductive coils wound on a loss-free core.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 7

Classification of Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 8

Outdoor Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 9

Power Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 10

Distribution Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 11

Indoor Power Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 12

Laboratory Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 13

Transformer in Power Adapters

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 14

Instrument Transformer

Potential Transformer - PT
Current Transformer - CT
Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 15
Auto Transformer

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 16

EMF Equation

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 17

Voltage Transformation Ratio - K

Hence, currents are in the inverse ratio of the (voltage) transformation ratio.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 18

References

Text Books
• B. L. Theraja, A. K. Theraja, “Electrical Technology, Vol-2”, S. Chand Publisher.
– Chapter-32, Section : 32.1 – 32.7, Pages 1115 - 1123.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 19

THANK
YOU

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