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Lecture 27: Upper Extremities 4 – Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior compartment & Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Objectives
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From the carpal bones, they connect to the five
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metacarpals, which connect to the proximal phalanges
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via the metacarpophalangeal joint middle distal
phalange (except the thumb)
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Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Forearm
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Be aware that the muscles of forearm posterior compartment will extend the hand (giving high-five), while the
flexor muscles flex the hand (beckoning someone to come)
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o Brachioradialis o Supinator
Superficial Muscles
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ridge of humerus
o I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
(index)
o A: Extends and abducts
hand at wrist joint
(Crosses elbow & wrist)
o Inn: Radial nerve (C6, C7)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
o O: Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
o I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
(middle)
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o O: Lateral supracondylar ridge (humerus) same as extensor carpi radialis longus
o I: Lateral surface – distal end of radius (near the protrusion of radial bone under the thumb)
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o A: Flexes forearm and synergizes with other forearm flexors (anterior compartment)
o Inn: Radial nerve (C5-C7)
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Note: Bra horadialis, tri eps, a o eus do ’t orr a out it , a d e te sor arpi radialis lo gus are the only
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muscles receiving direct innervation of the radial nerve.
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All the other muscles of posterior compartment receive innervation from the deep branch of radial nerve.
Extensor Expansions
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The flattened tendons (aponeurosis) of extensor muscles running into dorsum of the hand
Tendons of extensor muscles i.e. apo eurosis of the us les e pa d to for a hood o er the eta arpals,
the back and sides of the head of the metacarpal, and the proximal phalanx.
Expansions divide into 3 bands:
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o 1. 2 lateral bands pass on either side of proximal phalanx and reach all the way to the distal phalanx.
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Serve as insertion points for the: Lumbricals of the hand; dorsal interossei of the hand; and
palmar interossei.
o 2. A medial band passes down the middle and end at the base of the middle phalanx.
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o 3. Retinacular ligament runs obliquely along middle phalanx; connects fibrous digital sheath from the
anterior side of the phalanges to the extensor expansion.
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Deep Layer
Supinator
o O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral & annular ligaments; supinator fossa &
crest of ulna
o I: Wraps around proximal-lateral 1/3 of radius
o A: Supinates forearm (flips it upwards) b/c muscle wraps/inserts on the lateral side of
radius, it pulls the radius towards the other side so that supination occurs
o Inn: Deep branch of radial nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus
o O: Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
o I: Base of 1st metacarpal (thumb)
o A: Abducts thumb & extends it at metacarpal joint / it’s lo ated at the ase, he it
pulls, the thumb will flick outwards
o Inn: Deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
Extensor Indicis
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o O: Posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane
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o I: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
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o A: Extends index finger & helps with hand extension.
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o Inn: Posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of radial nerve)
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Extensor Pollicis Longus
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o O: Posterior surface of ulna (above extensor indicis) & interosseous membrane
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o I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb TIP of thumb
o A: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints
o Inn: Posterior interosseous nerve
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Anatomical Snuffbox
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phalanx.
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Opposable Thumb
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Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
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Responsible for fine movements of hand: Pinky & Thumb – Abduction, adduction, flexion
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& opposition
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3 Groups of muscles:
o Thenar muscles (4) rs e
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o Hypothenar muscles (3) – Act on the pinky
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
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Palmar Muscles
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4 Dorsal Interossei
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Median Nerve
o 3 Lateral Thenar muscles
o 2 Lateral Lumbricals
Ulnar Nerve
o 2 Medial Lumbricals
o All other intrinsic muscles of the hand (PAD, DAB)
Radial Nerve
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o No motor functions
o Sensory functions only
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