Pages From FINAL - US 21 RSA Report200608

US 21
Pedestrian and Bicycle

Road Safety Assessment
Lexington County Line to Millwood Avenue

Columbia, SC
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
US 21 -- Lexington County Line to Millwood Avenue
Road Safety Assessment Report
Columbia, SC
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1
a) BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1
b) OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................................................... 2
c) ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT TEAM SUMMARY......................................................................... 2
II. RELEVANT DATA REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 4
a) SITE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................... 4
b) CRASH DATA ................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Overall Crashes ............................................................................................................................ 5
2. Bicycle/Pedestrian Crashes .......................................................................................................... 8
c) SPEED DATA.................................................................................................................................. 11
d) VOLUME DATA .............................................................................................................................. 12
e) PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS ......................................................................................................... 13
f) RECENT STUDIES ......................................................................................................................... 13
III. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 14
a) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.......................................................................................................... 14
b) SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS ................................................................................................... 15
1. Corridor-Wide.............................................................................................................................. 15
2. Segment One (Williams St. through Pulaski St.) ........................................................................ 16
3. Segment Two (Pulaski St. through Gadsden St.) ....................................................................... 19
4. Segment Three (Gadsden St. through Assembly St.) ................................................................ 22
5. Segment Four (Assembly St. through Sumter St.) ..................................................................... 27
6. Segment Five (Sumter St. through Pickens St.) ......................................................................... 31
7. Segment Six (Pickens St. through Devine St.) ........................................................................... 35
8. Segment Seven (Devine St. through Santee Ave.) .................................................................... 40
9. Segment Eight (Santee Ave. through Meadow St.) .................................................................... 48
10. Segment Nine (Meadow St. through King St.) ............................................................................ 51
11. Segment Ten (King St. through Holly St.) .................................................................................. 54
12. Segment Eleven (Holly St. through Sims Ave.) .......................................................................... 58
13. Past Crash Data Analysis (Sims Avenue to Millwood Avenue) .................................................. 62
IV. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................. 64
V. SUMMARY OF COSTS .................................................................................................................. 65
VI. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................. 68
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Columbia, SC
List of Tables
Table 1 – US 21 RSA Invitees ...................................................................................................................... 2
Table 2 – US 21 RSA Participants (9/19/19 – 9/20/19) ................................................................................ 3
Table 3 - Summary of Speed Study Data ................................................................................................... 11
Table 4 - Corridor-Wide Suggested Improvements .................................................................................... 15
Table 5 - Suggested Improvements for Corridor Standardization .............................................................. 16
Table 6 - Suggested Improvements at Williams Street............................................................................... 18
Table 7 - Suggested Improvements at Huger Street .................................................................................. 18
Table 8 - Overall Segment One Suggested Improvements ........................................................................ 18
Table 9 - Suggested Improvements at Gadsden Street ............................................................................. 21
Table 10- Suggested Improvements at Lincoln Street................................................................................ 24
Table 11- Suggested Improvements at Park Street .................................................................................... 25
Table 12- Suggested Improvements at Assembly Street ........................................................................... 26
Table 13- Suggested Improvements at Main Street ................................................................................... 29
Table 14- Suggested Improvements at Sumter Street ............................................................................... 30
Table 15 - Overall Segment Four Suggested Improvements ..................................................................... 30
Table 16- Suggested Improvements at Bull Street ..................................................................................... 33
Table 17- Suggested Improvements at Pickens Street .............................................................................. 34
Table 18 - Overall Segment Five Suggested Improvements ...................................................................... 34
Table 19- Suggested Improvements at Henderson Street ......................................................................... 37
Table 20- Suggested Improvements at Barnwell Street ............................................................................. 37
Table 21- Suggested Improvements at Devine Street ................................................................................ 38
Table 22- Suggested Improvements at Laurens Street .............................................................................. 42
Table 23- Suggested Improvements at Saluda Avenue/Blossom Street .................................................... 44
Table 24- Suggested Improvements at Saluda Avenue/Devine Street ...................................................... 45
Table 25- Suggested Improvements at Harden Street ............................................................................... 47
Table 26- Suggested Improvements at Santee Avenue ............................................................................. 47
Table 27 - Overall Segment Seven Suggested Improvements................................................................... 47
Table 28- Suggested Improvements at Hilton Street .................................................................................. 50
Table 29- Suggested Improvements at Heidt Street ................................................................................... 50
Table 30- Suggested Improvements at Meadow Street ............................................................................. 50
Table 31- Suggested Improvements at Queen Street ................................................................................ 53
Table 32- Suggested Improvements at King Street .................................................................................... 53
Table 33 - Overall Segment Nine Suggested Improvements ..................................................................... 53
Table 34- Suggested Improvements at Woodrow Street ............................................................................ 56
Table 35- Suggested Improvements at Maple Street ................................................................................. 57
Table 36 - Overall Segment Ten Suggested Improvements....................................................................... 57
Table 37- Suggested Improvements at Holly Street ................................................................................... 60
Table 38- Suggested Improvements at Olive Street ................................................................................... 60
Table 39- Suggested Improvements at Sims Avenue ................................................................................ 61
Table 40 - Suggested Improvements at S-40-143 ...................................................................................... 62
Table 41 - Suggested Improvements at Capitol Place ............................................................................... 62
Table 42 - Suggested Improvements at Amherst Avenue .......................................................................... 62
Table 43 - Suggested Improvements at Chatham Avenue ......................................................................... 62
Table 44 - Suggested Improvements at Millwood Avenue ......................................................................... 62
Table 45 – Short-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs ....................................................... 65
Table 46 - Mid-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs .......................................................... 67
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Columbia, SC
Table 47 - Long-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs ........................................................ 67
Table 48 - Overall Summary of Costs ......................................................................................................... 67
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Study Location .............................................................................................................................. 1
Figure 2 – US 21 Manner of Collision ........................................................................................................... 5
Figure 3 – US 21 Crash Severity .................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 4 – US 21 Crash Lighting Conditions................................................................................................. 6
Figure 5 – US 21 Crash Road Surface Condition ......................................................................................... 7
Figure 6 - Crash Frequency by Month .......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 7 - Crash Frequency by Day of the Week.......................................................................................... 8
Figure 8 - Crash Frequency by Time of Day ................................................................................................. 8
Figure 9 - Pedestrian Crash Severity ............................................................................................................ 9
Figure 10 – Pedestrian Crash Lighting Conditions ....................................................................................... 9
Figure 11 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Month .................................................................................... 10
Figure 12 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Day of the Week ................................................................... 10
Figure 13 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Time of Day .......................................................................... 11
Figure 14 - AADT Station Locations ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure 15 - AADT Data (2013-2018) ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure 16 – US 21 Study Area Segments ................................................................................................... 14
Figure 17- Segment One Overview ............................................................................................................ 17
Figure 18 - Segment Two Overview ........................................................................................................... 20
Figure 19 - Segment Three Overview ......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 20 - Segment Four Overview ........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 21 - Segment Five Overview ........................................................................................................... 32
Figure 22 - Segment Six Overview ............................................................................................................. 36
Figure 23 - Proposed Curb at Devine ......................................................................................................... 39
Figure 24 - Segment Seven Overview ........................................................................................................ 41
Figure 25 - Proposed Curb at Laurens Street ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 26 - Proposed Curb at Saluda Avenue ............................................................................................ 46
Figure 27 - Segment Eight Overview .......................................................................................................... 49
Figure 28 - Segment Nine Overview ........................................................................................................... 52
Figure 29 - Segment Ten Overview ............................................................................................................ 55
Figure 30 - Segment Eleven Overview ....................................................................................................... 59
Appendices
A – Meeting Sign-In Sheets
B – Meeting and Field Review Notes
C – Field Review Pictures
D – Overall Crashes GIS Diagrams
E – Bicycle/Pedestrian Crashes GIS Diagrams
F – Speed Study Data
G – Road Diet Operational Feasibility Analysis
H – RSA Virtual Final Presentation Materials and Meeting Minutes
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Columbia, SC
I. INTRODUCTION
a) BACKGROUND
In an effort to improve transportation safety, the SCDOT identifies roadway segments that experience
high crash rates (pedestrian, bicycle, motor vehicle) to undergo a Road Safety Assessment (RSA) to
identify potential improvements. Based on SCDOT ranking criteria, the 2.9-mile section of US 21
(Blossom Street and Devine Street) from the Lexington County line through Sims Avenue (Local) in
Columbia, SC was ranked in the top 10 of bicycle/pedestrian crash corridors in South Carolina. The
study area can be seen in Figure 1.
As Sims Avenue is not a logical termini for the study area, the field observation portion of this RSA
extended the review to the east to include the portion of US 21 between Sims Avenue (Local) and
Millwood Avenue (US 76).
END
US 21
BEGIN
US 21
Figure 1 - Study Location
US 21 is four-lane roadway with varying center median treatments throughout the RSA study area. It is a
major route for traffic as it provides access to residences, downtown Columbia businesses, as well as the
University of South Carolina.
An RSA was completed on this corridor upon its ranking as SCDOT’s number ten corridor for
bicycle/pedestrian crashes, in addition to its connectivity to the highest-ranking bicycle/pedestrian crash
corridor of Harden Street between Blossom Street and Pendleton Street.
Summary crash data within this section of US 21 from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2018 were
provided by SCDOT. According to this data, 1,428 crashes were reported including one fatality, and a
high frequency of bicycle/pedestrian crashes. This high frequency of bicycle/pedestrian crashes in
addition to the concern for the safety of all road users on this section of US 21 prompted the initiation of
the RSA.
Columbia, SC
b) OBJECTIVE
According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), an RSA is the formal safety performance
examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. It
qualitatively estimates and reports on potential road safety issues and identifies opportunities for
improvements in safety for all road users.
The objective of an RSA is to address the following questions:
• What elements of the road may present a safety concern, as well as to what extent, to which
road user, and under what circumstances these safety concerns arise?
• What opportunities exist to eliminate or mitigate the identified safety concerns?
This RSA will consider bicycle, pedestrian and vehicular modes of travel.
c) ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT TEAM SUMMARY
Through coordination with SCDOT, local stakeholders were identified for inclusion in the RSA process.
Members of the community invited to participate as part of the multidisciplinary team for the US 21 RSA
are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 – US 21 RSA Invitees
Name Affiliation Field Review Team Stakeholder

David Brewer City of Columbia Traffic Engineering X
Lori Campbell SCDOT District Office X
Kelsey Desender Five Point Association X
Amy Johnson Ely Palmetto Cycling Coalition X
John Fellows City of Columbia – Planning – Walk/Bike Columbia Plan X
Carolyn Fisher FHWA X
Missy Gentry City of Columbia X
Derrick Huggins USC X
Aubrey Jenkins City of Columbia Fire Department X
Tony Magwood SCDOT – Richland Maintenance X
Brett McCutchan SCDOT Safety Office X
Joey McIntyre SCDOT PM – Blossom Street Bridge Replacement Project X
Jeff McNesby Richland County Transportation Penny Department X
Joey Riddle SCDOT Safety Office X
Joe Robertson Kimley-Horn X
Shawn Salley SCDOT Safety Office X
Tony Sheppard Kimley-Horn X
Reginald Simmons CMCOG/COATS X
Kit Smith Coalition of Five Points Neighborhoods X
Daniel Weiler City of Columbia Police – Traffic Division X
Christopher Wuchenich USC Police X
The RSA process was comprised of three parts: a Pre-Assessment Meeting, a Field Review, and a Post-
Assessment Team Discussion. The pre-assessment meeting, held at 1:00PM on Thursday, September
Columbia, SC
19th, 2019 at SCDOT Headquarters, served to provide a summary of the information gathered prior to the
site visit and to receive input from the RSA stakeholders. Traffic observations and the notation of safety
concerns were completed during the field review, which was broken down into three separate time
periods: morning (7:00AM to 9:00AM), evening (4:00PM to 6:00PM), and nighttime (10:00PM to
12:00AM). The evening and nighttime portions took place on Thursday, September 19th, 2019, while the
morning portion took place the following morning on Friday, September 20th, 2019. The post-assessment
team discussion was held following the morning field review on Friday, September 20th, 2019 and allowed
the RSA team to identify and prioritize the preliminary safety findings.
It should be noted that not all invitees were able to attend, and that some of the stakeholders were
represented by multiple individuals. The participants in the US 21 RSA are summarized in Table 2. The
sign-in sheets and meeting notes from the Pre- and Post-Assessment discussions and field review
periods are included in the Appendix.
Table 2 – US 21 RSA Participants (9/19/19 – 9/20/19)
Name Affiliation Field Review Team Stakeholder

David Brewer City of Columbia Traffic Engineer X
Richard Burts Five Points Association X
Lori Campbell SCDOT District Office X
Steven Cook Five Points Association X
David Dannels USC Police Department X
Amy Johnson Ely Palmetto Cycling Coalition X
John Fellows City of Columbia – Planning – Walk/Bike Columbia Plan X
Carolyn Fisher FHWA X
Natavis Harris City of Columbia – Planning X
Michael Oswald Kimley-Horn X
Joey Riddle SCDOT Safety Office X
Joe Robertson Kimley-Horn X
Shawn Salley SCDOT Safety Office X
Chris Shefelton Senator Dick Harpootlian X
Tony Sheppard Kimley-Horn X
Duncan Smith SCDOT X
Kit Smith* Coalition of Five Points Neighborhoods X
Tim Smith Five Points Association X
Drew Stokes SCDOT Safety Office X
Emily Thomas SCDOT X
James Williams City of Columbia Police Department X
*Not able to attend in person but provided comments via email
A final virtual presentation was held on June 1, 2020 to present the findings and recommendations of the
RSA. The meeting materials and minutes are included in the Appendix.
Columbia, SC
II. RELEVANT DATA REVIEW

a) SITE CHARACTERISTICS
US 21 is a four-lane principal arterial with two through lanes in each direction separated by a dividing
median in some portions of the study area. The posted speed limit is 35 miles per hour in the study area.
Both the north and south sides of US 21 have sidewalk, with the exception of the segment between
Huger Street and Gadsden street. The annual average daily traffic (AADT) throughout the study area of
US 21 in 2018 as collected by Richland County count stations ranged from over 14,000 to nearly 32,000.
Within the study area, there are 16 traffic signal-controlled intersections and 12 stop-sign controlled
intersections.
Traffic signal-controlled intersections include:
1. Huger Street (US 21, S-102)

2. Lincoln Street (Local)
3. Park Street (Local)
4. Assembly Street (SC 48)
5. Main Street (S-3054, Local)
6. Sumter Street (S-177, Local)
7. Bull Street (Local)
8. Pickens Street (S-2027, Local)
9. Barnwell Street (Local)
10. Saluda Avenue (US 21, Local)/Blossom (US 21, S-198)
11. Saluda Avenue (US 21, Local)/Devine (US 21)
12. Harden Street (S-10)
13. Woodrow Street (Local)
14. Maple Street (Local)
15. Holly Street (S-236, Local)
16. Sims Avenue (Local)
Stop sign controlled intersections include:
1. Williams Street (Local)

2. Gadsden Street (S-1537, Local)
3. Henderson Street (S-526)
4. Devine Street/Blossom
5. Laurens Street (S-1451)
6. Santee Avenue (Local)
7. Hilton Street (Local)
8. Heidt Street (S-140, Local)
9. Meadow Street (S-1729, Local)
10. Queen Street (Local)
11. King Street (Local)
12. Olive Street (Local)
Columbia, SC
The existing land use along the corridor is predominately commercial. Residential land uses can be
accessed via streets that intersect US 21.
b) CRASH DATA
1. Overall Crashes
Summary crash data within this section of US 21 from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2018 were
provided by SCDOT. According to this data, 1,428 crashes were reported. These crashes were analyzed
for manner of collision, crash severity, lighting conditions, and road surface conditions. The crash data
summaries for manner of collision, crash severity, lighting conditions, and road surface conditions are
shown in Figure 2 through Figure 5.
In regard to manner of collision, rear end collisions were the most common (548 crashes or 38 percent of
all crashes), followed closely by angle crashes (505 crashes or 35 percent of all crashes). Head on
collisions, sideswipe opposite direction collisions, backed into crashes, rear-to-rear collisions, or crashes
where no manner of collision information was provided each had an occurrence of 2 percent or less. GIS
data for these crashes were used to show the locations, maps of which are included in the Appendix.
Figure 2 – US 21 Manner of Collision
Twenty-six crashes involved pedestrians. A more detailed analysis of these crashes has been completed
in Section 2.
Of the 1,428 crashes, 1,221 resulted in no injury (86 percent of all crashes), 94 in possible injuries (7
percent), 24 in non-incapacitating injury (2 percent), eight (8) in incapacitating injury (1 percent), and 80
crashes occurred where no injury data was provided. One (1) crash resulted in a fatality.
Columbia, SC
Figure 3 – US 21 Crash Severity
Crashes occurring in daylight were the most common in terms of lighting condition (1,041 crashes or 73
percent of all crashes), with 387 crashes (27 percent) occurring in the dark.
Figure 4 – US 21 Crash Lighting Conditions
In terms of road surface condition, most crashes occurred on a dry surface (1209 crashes or 85 percent)
followed by crashes on a wet surface (217 crashes or 15 percent). No road surface condition information
was provided for two (2) of the crashes.
Columbia, SC
Figure 5 – US 21 Crash Road Surface Condition
Crash frequency was analyzed by month, day of the week, and time of day. This information is shown in
Figure 6 through Figure 8. The data indicates that October has the highest occurrence of crashes (166
total). During the three-month period of May through July there was a dip in the number of crashes, with
each of these months having less than 100 crashes. July had the lowest number of crashes at 56. Figure
6 shows the crashes on US 21 by month.
Figure 6 - Crash Frequency by Month
Analysis of the crashes on US 21 by day of the week indicated that most crashes occurred on Thursday
(258 total), while Sunday had the lowest crash occurrence (122 crashes). Figure 7 shows the crashes on
US 21 by day of the week.
Columbia, SC
Figure 7 - Crash Frequency by Day of the Week
Analysis by time of day indicated that most crashes occurred between 5 PM and 6 PM, with 135 crashes
occurring in this time frame. A peak in crashes occurred from 12 PM to 3 PM with each one-hour period in
this time frame having more than 110 crashes. The hour between 6 AM and 7 AM had the least number
of crashes (five (5)). Figure 8 shows the crashes on US 21 by time of day.
Figure 8 - Crash Frequency by Time of Day
2. Bicycle/Pedestrian Crashes
Information on bicycle/pedestrian crashes within this section of US 21 from January 1, 2013 through
December 31, 2018 were provided by SCDOT. According to this data, 26 bicycle/pedestrian crashes
were reported. Further review revealed that all 26 crashes involved pedestrians. These crashes were
analyzed for crash severity and lighting conditions. The pedestrian crash data summaries for crash
severity and lighting conditions are shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10. GIS data for these crashes were
used to show the locations of the crashes. These maps are located in the Appendix.
Of the 26 pedestrian crashes, four (4) resulted in no injury (15 percent of all crashes), 10 in possible
injuries (38 percent), four (4) in non-incapacitating injury (15 percent), four (4) in incapacitating injury (15
Columbia, SC
percent), and four (4) crashes occurred where no injury data was provided. No crashes resulted in
fatalities.
Figure 9 - Pedestrian Crash Severity
Crashes occurring in the dark were the most common in terms of lighting condition (14 crashes or 54
percent of all crashes), with 12 crashes (46 percent) occurring in the daylight.
Figure 10 – Pedestrian Crash Lighting Conditions
Pedestrian crash frequency was analyzed by month, day of the week, and time of day. This information is
shown in Figure 11 through Figure 13.
The data indicates that October and November have the highest occurrence of pedestrian crashes (five
(5) each). No pedestrian crashes occurred in the months of June, July, or August. Figure 11 shows the
bicycle/pedestrian crashes on US 21 by the month.
Columbia, SC
Figure 11 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Month
Analysis of the crashes on US 21 by day of the week indicated that most pedestrian crashes occurred on
Saturday or Sunday (six (6) each), while the least occurred on Monday (only one (1)) pedestrian crash.
Figure 12 shows the frequency of pedestrian crashes on US 21 by day of the week.
Figure 12 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Day of the Week
Analysis by time of day indicated that most pedestrian crashes occurred between 1 AM and 2 AM, with
four (4) crashes occurring in this time frame. No pedestrian crashes occurred in the time periods of 2 AM
to 8 AM, 12 PM to 1 PM, or 6 PM to 8 PM. Figure 13 shows the pedestrian crashes on US 21 by time of
day.
Columbia, SC
Figure 13 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Time of Day
c) SPEED DATA
Speed data were collected separately for the eastbound and westbound approaches of US 21 to
determine how average speeds compare with the posted speed limit. This data were collected on April
25th, 2019 for a 24-hour period and summarized in hour-long intervals. Speeds were collected using
pneumatic tubes along the Blossom Street section of US 21.
The posted speed limit on this segment of US 21 is 35 mph. Analysis of the data collected showed that
the average speed in the eastbound direction was 27 mph east of Henderson Street and 28 mph east of
Gadsden Street, while the average speed in westbound direction was 29 mph east of Henderson Street
and 33 mph east of Gadsden Street. The 85th percentile speed for vehicles traveling in the eastbound
direction was 33 mph east of Henderson Street and 34 mph east of Gadsden Street. The 85th percentile
speed for vehicles traveling in the westbound direction was 34 mph east of Henderson Street and 37 mph
east of Gadsden Street. Table 3 summarizes this data.
Table 3 - Summary of Speed Study Data
US 21 Speed Study Data

Speed Limit Average Speed 85th Percentile
Location Description
(mph) (mph) Speed (mph)
US 21 East of Henderson Street Eastbound 35 27 33
US 21 East of Henderson Street Westbound 35 29 34
US 21 East of Gadsden Street Eastbound 35 28 34
US 21 East of Gadsden Street Westbound 35 33 37
Columbia, SC
d) VOLUME DATA
There are four (4) count stations along the analyzed section of US 21 in Richland County- Station 121,
Station 141, Station 142, and Station 143. Station 121 represents the section of US 21 from the Lexington
County Line to the US 21 CON (Blossom Street), S-102. Station 141 represents the section of US 21
from US 21 CON (Blossom Street) to SC 48 (Assembly Street). Station 142 represents the section of US
21 between SC 48 (Assembly Street) and L-2630 (Saluda Avenue). Station 143 represents the section of
US 21 between L-2630 (Saluda Avenue) and US 76 (Millwood Avenue). Figure 14 displays the AADT
count station locations, and Figure 15 displays the historical AADT published by SCDOT between 2013
and 2018.
Figure 14 - AADT Station Locations
Figure 15 - AADT Data (2013-2018)

Columbia, SC
e) PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS
The following are transportation improvement plans for the study area of US 21 by SCDOT and Richland
County according to our review of area transportation projects. No planned improvements were found
along this segment of US 21 by the City of Columbia.
SCDOT has planned improvements for:
• US 21 bridge over Southern and CSX railroads; these bridge improvements consisting of a full
bridge replacement with pedestrian accommodations are anticipated to go to construction in 2023
Under the Richland County Transportation Penny Program the following improvements were made:
• Bike lanes were added to US 21 from Williams Street to Huger Street prior to 2014
• Pedestrian improvements at the Devine Street (US 21)/Harden Street/Santee Avenue
intersection completed prior to October 2014
Richland County Transportation Penny Program is also programming for the coordination with SCDOT
on:
• Restriping bike lanes existing conditions along US 21 (Blossom Street) from Assembly Street to
Sumter Street
• The addition of bike lanes along US 21 (Blossom Street) from Huger Street to Assembly Street
f) RECENT STUDIES
The Walk/Bike Columbia Plan prepared by the City of Columbia in 2015 included a recommendation for a
cycle track along US 21 from the Lexington County Line to Saluda Avenue and bike lanes/paved
shoulders from Harden Street to Millwood Avenue. The section of US 21 in between these segments has
a side path/greenway recommended. The Walk/Bike Columbia Plan also included recommendations for
crossing improvements to US 21 from Lincoln Street to Barnwell Street as well as from Holly Street to
Sims Avenue.
The SCDOT and City of Columbia have also recently evaluated the implementation of a center concrete
island at Henderson Street and a request has been made to the SCDOT for a traffic signal at the
intersection of US 21 (Devine Street) with Meadow Street.
Columbia, SC
III. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

The field review held on Thursday, September 19th, and Friday, September 20th, 2019, garnered the
following observations. As part of the review, the study area was split into 11 sections, as seen in Figure
16.
Figure 16 – US 21 Study Area Segments
a) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
Listed below are some of the positive observations collected during the RSA, in addition to some of the
widespread challenges that were seen along US 21 that should be addressed moving forward.
• Positive Observations
o Continuous sidewalk is available throughout the corridor on both sides of the street
o Existing crosswalks are being utilized and limited mid-block crossings observed
o Existing Yield to Pedestrians/No Turn On Red signage at some intersections
• Widespread Challenges
o Crosswalk times at some intersections appear inadequate
o Inconsistent pedestrian accommodations
o Encroachment onto sidewalk
o Non-standard (Diamond pattern) crosswalks markings.
o Debris collection at ADA ramps
• General Observations
Columbia, SC
o Marked bike lanes along US 21 (Blossom St) starting at Huger Street and continuing to
the West
o Bus Stops located at the following intersections:
 Barnwell Street (1, NE)
 Heidt Street (2, NE/SW)
 Queen Street (2 NW/SW)
 King Street (2 SW/NE)
 Woodrow Street (2, SW/NE)
 Maple Street (2, NW/SW)
 Holly Street (2, NW/SW)
 Sims Avenue (2, NE/SW)
 Amherst Avenue (2, NE/SW)
 Millwood Avenue (1, NE)
o No logical termini destination for sidewalk located at the northwest corner of the
intersection of US 21 (Blossom Street) and Gadsden Street.
b) SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS
The potential improvements based on the general observations in addition to specific improvements
within each segment are summarized in the tables below. Table 4 outlines suggested improvements to be
considered for the entire corridor, and the entity responsible for each improvement. Table 5 provides
suggested improvements that would serve to mitigate the existing inconsistencies within the corridor.
Table 6 through Table 39 outline suggested improvements specific to each of the eleven segments. Table
40 through Table 44 outline suggested improvements to the logical termini, Sims Avenue through
Millwood Avenue. Note that an Audible Pedestrian Signal assembly includes an audible/tactile button and
a R10-3e pedestrian sign.
In addition to the improvements outlined in the tables and figures below, it is suggested that pedestrian
crashes between Sims Avenue and Millwood Avenue be evaluated to determine if additional crossings
are necessary. The evaluation of a road diet between Pickens Street and Millwood Avenue is also
recommended as the road diet could addresses many of the other recommendations at one time. If a
road diet is implemented, considerations should be made for pedestrian refuge islands.
1. Corridor-Wide
Table 4 - Corridor-Wide Suggested Improvements
Corridor-Wide Improvements Responsible Entity

Short
A Evaluate Sight Distances at unsignalized intersections SCDOT
B Evaluate proximity of parking to crosswalks City of Columbia
C Assess trimming trees to improve lighting City of Columbia
D Evaluate improvements to sidewalk conditions (maintenance*) SCDOT
SCDOT/City of
E Eliminate encroachment of vegetation on sidewalk
Columbia
Perform a road diet feasibility study (Bull Street to Saluda Avenue,
F SCDOT
Blossom Street to Harden Street, Harden Street to Millwood Avenue)
Columbia, SC
Long
Evaluate corridor lighting improvements (in particular, Park Street to
G Assembly Street, Main Street to Saluda Avenue, and Harden Street to City of Columbia
Millwood Avenue)
SCDOT/City of
H Reduce speed limits by 5 mph
Columbia
*Note that the maintenance suggestions are being provided under a separate cover
Table 5 - Suggested Improvements for Corridor Standardization
Corridor Standardization Improvements Responsible Entity

Short
1. Install backplates on all traffic signal heads SCDOT/City of Columbia
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings SCDOT/City of Columbia
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs SCDOT/City of Columbia
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings SCDOT
5. Adjust traffic signals to have a leading pedestrian phase SCDOT/City of Columbia
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times City of Columbia
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly SCDOT/City of Columbia
8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to Pedestrian" signs SCDOT/City of Columbia
9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards SCDOT
10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian head SCDOT/City of Columbia
2. Segment One (Williams St. through Pulaski St.)
Figure 17 provides an overview of the suggested improvements and their respective locations within
Segment One. Table 6 through Table 8 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection
and throughout the entire segment.
NOT TO
SCALE
III
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8,10
II
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings 9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings I. Remove driveway not in use
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase II. Install Flashing Yellow Area operation or protected left turn
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times III. Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly
Figure
SEGMENT ONE (WILLIAMS ST THROUGH PULASKI ST) 17
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 6 - Suggested Improvements at Williams Street
Quantity Responsible Approximate

Williams Street Intersection
Required Entity Cost
Short
Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk
4. Install 2 SCDOT $7,500
markings
Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
I. Remove driveway not in use N/A SCDOT $10,000
Table 7 - Suggested Improvements at Huger Street

Huger Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
1. Install backplates on all traffic signal heads 8 $3,000
of Columbia
Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to SCDOT/City
3. Install 4 $5,000
Type 11 or blankout signs of Columbia
4. Upgrade 4 SCDOT $15,000
markings
Adjust traffic signals to have a leading SCDOT/City
5. N/A $2,000
pedestrian phase of Columbia
City of
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times N/A $2,000
Columbia
Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) SCDOT/City
7. 8 $16,000
assembly of Columbia
Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to Pedestrian" SCDOT/City
8. Upgrade 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown Reposition SCDOT/City
10. $2,000
pedestrian head 1 of Columbia
Install Flashing Yellow Arrow operation or SCDOT/City
II. 2 $5,500
protected left turn of Columbia
Table 8 - Overall Segment One Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk City of
V. N/A $8,000
(lighting foundation/pole encroachment) Columbia
Columbia, SC
3. Segment Two (Pulaski St. through Gadsden St.)
Segment Two. Following, Table 9 breaks down the suggested improvements at the intersection and
throughout the entire segment.
NOT TO
SCALE
4,9
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings 7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs 8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings 9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
Figure
SEGMENT TWO (PULASKI ST THROUGH GADSDEN ST) 18
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 9 - Suggested Improvements at Gadsden Street

Gadsden Street Intersection
Required* Entity Cost
Short
markings
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
*No existing destination for sidewalk on northeast corner of intersection therefore no recommendations made for this area
Columbia, SC
4. Segment Three (Gadsden St. through Assembly St.)
Segment Three. Following Figure 19, Table 10 through Table 12 break down the suggested
improvements at each intersection and throughout the entire segment.
NOT TO
SCALE
I
1,3-10, 1-10 1,3-8
III
I,II
LEGEND
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings I. Install Flashing Yellow Arrow operation or protected left turn
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase II. Evaluate intersection due to high frequency of angle crashes
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times III. Install pedestrian buttons in median refuges
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly
Figure
SEGMENT THREE (GADSDEN ST THROUGH ASSEMBLY ST) 19
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 10- Suggested Improvements at Lincoln Street

Lincoln Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
3. Install 4 $5,000
markings
Adjust traffic signals to have a leading pedestrian SCDOT/City
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 8 $16,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown SCDOT/City
10. Upgrade 6 $4,500
pedestrian head of Columbia
I. 2 $5,500
Evaluate intersection due to high frequency of
II. N/A SCDOT $5,000
angle crashes
Columbia, SC
Table 11- Suggested Improvements at Park Street

Park Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
Install pedestrian buttons for side-street SCDOT/City
2. 4 $8,000
crossings of Columbia
3. 4 $5,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 4 $8,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 3 SCDOT $7,500
standards
10. Upgrade 7 $5,500
Columbia, SC
Table 12- Suggested Improvements at Assembly Street

Assembly Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
1. Install backplates on all traffic signal heads 2* $1,000
of Columbia

3. 4 $5,000
4. 4 SCDOT $15,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 8 $16,000
8. Upgrade 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
I. 2 $5,500
SCDOT/City
III. Install pedestrian buttons in median refuges 2 $10,000
of Columbia
*Install 1 new backplate, replace 1 broken backplate
Columbia, SC
5. Segment Four (Assembly St. through Sumter St.)
Segment Four. Table 13 through Table 15 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection
NOT TO
SCALE
1-10 1-10
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings 8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs 9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase I. Evaluate pedestrian path for ADA compliance
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times
Figure
SEGMENT FOUR (ASSEMBLY ST THROUGH SUMTER ST) 20
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 13- Suggested Improvements at Main Street

Main Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 4 $8,000
3. Install 4 $5,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 4 $8,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
10. Upgrade 8 $6,000
Columbia, SC
Table 14- Suggested Improvements at Sumter Street

Sumter Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 4 $8,000
3. Install 4 $5,000
Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk Upgrade
4. SCDOT $15,000
markings 4
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 4 $8,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Upgrade
Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown 5, SCDOT/City
10. $4,500
pedestrian head Replace of Columbia
1
Table 15 - Overall Segment Four Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
I. Evaluate pedestrian path for ADA compliance N/A SCDOT $15,000
Columbia, SC
6. Segment Five (Sumter St. through Pickens St.)
Segment Five. Following, Table 16 through Table 18 break down the suggested improvements at each
intersection and throughout the entire segment.
NOT TO
SCALE
II
1-10
1-9
I IV
II
III
LEGEND
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings I. Provide ADA bypass signing or evaluate elimination of steps within pedestrian path
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase II. Install Flashing Yellow Area operation or protected left turn
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times III. Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly IV. Evaluate ADA compliance due to brick
Figure
SEGMENT FIVE (SUMTER ST THROUGH PICKENS ST) 21
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 16- Suggested Improvements at Bull Street

Bull Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 2 $4,000
3. 3 $4,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
7. 6 $12,000
8. Install 3 $4,000
signs of Columbia
9. 3 SCDOT $7,500
standards
II. 1 $3,500
Columbia, SC
Table 17- Suggested Improvements at Pickens Street

Pickens Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 4 $8,000
3. Install 4 $5,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
7. 4 $8,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown Install 4, SCDOT/City
10. $6,000
pedestrian head Upgrade 4 of Columbia
II. 2 $5,500
IV. Evaluate ADA compliance due to brick N/A SCDOT $2,000
Table 18 - Overall Segment Five Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
Provide ADA bypass signing or evaluate
I. N/A SCDOT $10,000
elimination of steps within the pedestrian path
Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk City of
III. N/A $8,000
(New Gateway signing pole encroachment) Columbia
Columbia, SC
7. Segment Six (Pickens St. through Devine St.)
Segment Six. Table 19 through Table 21 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection
and throughout the entire segment. Figure 23 shows a visual representation of the proposed curb at
Devine Street.
V,VI NOT TO
SCALE
4,9
I
1-10,IV
III
I 4,9,II
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs I. Remove debris collection
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings II. Install center concrete island
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase III. Install ladder-style crosswalk and corresponding wheelchair ramps
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times IV. Install countdown pedestrian heads with APS assemblies
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly V. Define edge of travel lane with pavement markings
8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs VI. Bump out curb to define travel lane
Figure
SEGMENT SIX (PICKENS ST THROUGH DEVINE ST) 22
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 19- Suggested Improvements at Henderson Street

Henderson Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
City of
I. Remove debris collection N/A N/A
Columbia
II. Install center concrete island N/A SCDOT $15,000
Table 20- Suggested Improvements at Barnwell Street

Barnwell Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City of
Columbia
Install pedestrian buttons for side-street SCDOT/City of
2. 2 $4,000
crossings Columbia
Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to SCDOT/City of
3. Install 2 $2,500
Type 11 or blankout signs Columbia
markings
City of
Columbia
Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) SCDOT/City of
7. 2 $4,000
assembly Columbia
Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to Pedestrian" Install 1, SCDOT/City of
8. $2,500
signs Upgrade 1 Columbia
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown SCDOT/City of
10. Upgrade 2 $1,500
pedestrian head Columbia
City of
Columbia
Install ladder-style crosswalk and corresponding SCDOT/City of
III. 1,2 $9,000
wheelchair ramps Columbia
Install countdown pedestrian heads with APS SCDOT/City of
IV. 4 $11,000
assemblies Columbia
Columbia, SC
Table 21- Suggested Improvements at Devine Street

Devine Street Intersection
Short
4. 1 SCDOT $4,000
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Define edge of travel lane with pavement
V. N/A SCDOT $2,500
markings
Intermediate
VI. Bump curb out to define travel lane N/A SCDOT $50,000
NOT TO
SCALE
LEGEND
PROPOSED CURB
PROPOSED MARKINGS
Figure
SEGMENT SIX PROPOSED CURB AT DEVINE STREET 23
June 2020
Columbia, SC
8. Segment Seven (Devine St. through Santee Ave.)
Segment Seven. Following Figure 24, Table 22 through Table 27 break down the suggested
improvements at each intersection and throughout the entire segment. Figure 25 shows a visual
representation of the proposed curbs at Laurens Street and Figure 26 shows a visual representation of
the proposed curb at Saluda Avenue.
I
NOT TO
4,9 SCALE
II
II
IV
1-8
II 1,3-6, 4,9
8-10
VI
III V
1-9
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings I. Bump curb out to relocate crosswalk and STOP bar providing improved sight
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs distance
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings II. Evaluate pedestrian accommodations at island
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase III. Add “Use Crosswalk” signage to deter mid-intersection crossings
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times IV. Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly V. Install pedestrian buttons in median refuge
8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs VI. Bump curb out to relocate crosswalk and STOP bar to shorten pedestrian crossing
9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards distance
Figure
SEGMENT SEVEN (DEVINE ST THROUGH SANTEE AVE) 24
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 22- Suggested Improvements at Laurens Street

Laurens Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Bump curbs out to relocate crosswalk and STOP

I. N/A SCDOT $50,000
bar providing improved sight distance
NOT TO
SCALE
LEGEND
PROPOSED CURB
PROPOSED MARKINGS
Figure
SEGMENT SEVEN PROPOSED CURB AND MARKINGS AT LAURENS STREET 25
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 23- Suggested Improvements at Saluda Avenue/Blossom Street

Saluda Avenue/Blossom Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 4 $8,000
3. Install 3 $4,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 4 $8,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
signs of Columbia
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
SCDOT/City
III. Install pedestrian buttons in median refuges 2 $4,000
of Columbia
Evaluate pedestrian accommodations through SCDOT/City
IV. N/A $5,000
NW splitter island of Columbia
Columbia, SC
Table 24- Suggested Improvements at Saluda Avenue/Devine Street

Saluda Avenue/Devine Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
2. 2 $4,000
3. Install 2 $2,500
markings
5. N/A $2,000
phase of Columbia
City of
Columbia
7. 6 $12,000
8. Install 2 $2,500
signs of Columbia
Add "Use Crosswalk" signage to deter mid-
V. N/A SCDOT $1,500
intersection crossings
Bump curb out to relocate crosswalk and STOP
VI. N/A SCDOT $40,000
bar to shorten pedestrian crossing distance
NOT TO
SCALE
LEGEND
PROPOSED CURB
PROPOSED MARKINGS
Figure
SEGMENT SEVEN PROPOSED CURB AND MARKINGS AT SALUDA AVENUE 26
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 25- Suggested Improvements at Harden Street

Harden Street Intersection
This intersection covered under the Harden Street road safety Assessment report.
Table 26- Suggested Improvements at Santee Avenue

Santee Avenue Intersection
Short
markings
9. 1 SCDOT $2,500
standards
Table 27 - Overall Segment Seven Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
Provide proper ADA clearance along sidewalk SCDOT/City
II. N/A $7,500/item
(landscaping/pole encroachment*) of Columbia
*Additional enforcement issue at businesses
Columbia, SC
9. Segment Eight (Santee Ave. through Meadow St.)
Segment Eight. Table 28 through Table 30 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection
NOT TO
SCALE
4,9
4,9
II
II
4,9
LEGEND
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase I. Re-mark STOP bar
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times II. Remove debris collection
Figure
SEGMENT EIGHT (SANTEE AVE THROUGH MEADOW ST) 27
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 28- Suggested Improvements at Hilton Street

Hilton Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
I. Re-mark STOP bar 1 SCDOT $1,500
Table 29- Suggested Improvements at Heidt Street

Heidt Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 8 SCDOT $20,000
standards
City of
II. Remove debris collection N/A N/A
Columbia
Table 30- Suggested Improvements at Meadow Street

Meadow Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 8 SCDOT $20,000
standards
City of
II. Remove debris collection N/A N/A
Columbia
Columbia, SC
10. Segment Nine (Meadow St. through King St.)
Segment Nine. Table 31 through Table 33 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection
I
NOT TO
SCALE
4,9
I
4
LEGEND
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase I. Remove debris collection
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times
Figure
SEGMENT NINE (MEADOW ST THROUGH KING ST) 28
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 31- Suggested Improvements at Queen Street

Queen Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 8 SCDOT $20,000
standards
Table 32- Suggested Improvements at King Street

King Street Intersection
Short
markings
City of
Columbia
Table 33 - Overall Segment Nine Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
City of
Columbia
Columbia, SC
11. Segment Ten (King St. through Holly St.)
Segment Ten. Following, Table 34 through Table 36 break down the suggested improvements at each
I
1,3- NOT TO
6,8,10,II SCALE
II
III
1,3-10
IV
LEGEND
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings I. Evaluate sidewalk cross-slope for ADA compliance
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase II. Evaluate existing Audible Pedestrian Signals and update to current standards
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times III. Remove debris collection
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly IV. Remove STOP bars from old signal
Figure
SEGMENT TEN (KING ST THROUGH HOLLY ST) 29
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 34- Suggested Improvements at Woodrow Street

Woodrow Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
3. Install 4 $5,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to SCDOT/City
8. Install 4 $5,000
Pedestrian" signs of Columbia
10. Upgrade 8 $6,000
Evaluate existing Audible Pedestrian Signals SCDOT/City
II. 8 $16,000
and update to current standards of Columbia
Columbia, SC
Table 35- Suggested Improvements at Maple Street

Maple Street Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs SCDOT/City
3. 4 $5,000
to Type 11 or blankout signs of Columbia
markings
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
7. 8 $16,000
8. 4 $5,000
9. 7 SCDOT $17,500
standards
10. Upgrade 8 $6,000
City of
III. Remove debris collection N/A N/A
Columbia
Table 36 - Overall Segment Ten Suggested Improvements

Segment-Wide
Short
Evaluate sidewalk cross-slope for ADA
I. N/A SCDOT $2500
compliance
SCDOT/City
IV. Remove STOP bars from old signal 2 $5,000
of Columbia
Columbia, SC
12. Segment Eleven (Holly St. through Sims Ave.)
Segment Eleven. Table 37 through Table 39 break down the suggested improvements at each
NOT TO
SCALE
3-9
4,9
II 1,3-6,8-
10, IV
I III
LEGEND
1. Install backplates on traffic signal heads 9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards
2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings 10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian heads
3. Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to Type 11 or blankout signs I. Remove debris collection
4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings II. Install ramps and crosswalk (or remove existing pedestrian heads and install proper
5. Adjust traffic signals to have leading pedestrian phase “Do Not Cross” signage)
6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times III. Install ramp and connection to sidewalk
7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly IV. Evaluate existing Audible Pedestrian Signals and update to current standards
8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 “Yield to Pedestrian” signs
Figure
SEGMENT ELEVEN (HOLLY ST THROUGH SIMS AVE) 30
June 2020
Columbia, SC
Table 37- Suggested Improvements at Holly Street

Holly Street Intersection
Short
3. Install 4 $5,000
Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk Upgrade 2,
4. SCDOT $15,000
markings Re-mark 2
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
7. 8 $16,000
8. Install 4 $5,000
9. 8 SCDOT $20,000
standards
City of
Columbia
Table 38- Suggested Improvements at Olive Street

Olive Street Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Columbia, SC
Table 39- Suggested Improvements at Sims Avenue

Sims Avenue Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City
of Columbia
3. Install 4 $5,000
markings
5. N/A $2,000
City of
Columbia
8. Install 4 $5,000

9. 5 SCDOT $12,500
standards

10. 8 $6,000
City of
Columbia
Install ramps and crosswalk (or remove
II. existing pedestrian heads and install proper N/A SCDOT $12,000
"Do Not Cross" signage)
III. Ramp and connection to sidewalk needed N/A SCDOT $4,000
Evaluate existing Audible Pedestrian Signals SCDOT/City

IV. 8 $16,000
and update to current standards of Columbia
Columbia, SC
13. Past Crash Data Analysis (Sims Avenue to Millwood Avenue)
Table 40 through Table 44 break down the suggested improvements at each intersection within the
portion of US 21 between Sims Avenue and the Devine Street side of Millwood Avenue.
Table 40 - Suggested Improvements at S-40-143

S-40-143 Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Table 41 - Suggested Improvements at Capitol Place

Capitol Place Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Table 42 - Suggested Improvements at Amherst Avenue

Amherst Avenue Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
City of
Columbia
Table 43 - Suggested Improvements at Chatham Avenue

Chatham Avenue Intersection
Short
markings
9. 2 SCDOT $5,000
standards
Table 44 - Suggested Improvements at Millwood Avenue

Columbia, SC
Millwood Avenue* Intersection
Short
SCDOT/City of
Columbia
Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to SCDOT/City of
3. Install 1 $5,000
Type 11 or blankout signs Columbia
4. Re-mark 1 SCDOT $15,000
markings
Adjust traffic signals to have a leading SCDOT/City of
5. N/A $2,000
pedestrian phase Columbia
City of
Columbia
Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) SCDOT/City of
7. 2 $4,000
assembly Columbia
Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to SCDOT/City of
8. Install 1 $5,000
Pedestrian" signs Columbia
*Review was only completed on Devine Street to the stop bar at the intersection with MIllwood Avenue
Columbia, SC
IV. CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the main finding of the US 21 Road Safety Assessment was a lack of consistency
throughout the corridor. These inconsistencies can be confusing to all road users and can lead to unsafe
behaviors. Recommendations have been made to bring the corridor consistent signage and pedestrian
accommodations. Additional suggested improvements were provided to address specific concerns
throughout the corridor such as removing debris from sidewalk ramps, providing proper ADA clearance in
sidewalks, and remodeling curbs. Evaluations of certain corridor-wide aspects such as lighting, sidewalk
encroachments, and sight distances at unsignalized intersections were also recommended. Through the
implementation of these recommendations it is anticipated that crashes along this corridor should be
reduced and pedestrian safety enhanced.
Columbia, SC
V. SUMMARY OF COSTS
Table 45 through Table 47 below outline the anticipated costs at each intersection within their respective
segments for the previously suggested short-, mid-, and long-term improvements. Following, Table 48
provides a total cost estimate for the suggested improvements to the entire US 21 corridor studied in this
road safety assessment.
Table 45 – Short-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs
Short-Term Suggested Improvements

Location Costs
Corridor Wide $165,000
Segment One
Williams Street $22,500
Huger Street $55,500
Segment-Wide $8,000
Segment One Total $86,000
Segment Two
Gadsden Street $6,500
Segment Two Total $6,500
Segment Three
Lincoln Street $54,500
Park Street $63,000
Assembly Street $61,500
Segment Three Total $179,000
Segment Four
Main Street $56,500
Sumter Street $57,500
Segment-Wide $15,000
Segment Four Total $129,000
Segment Five
Bull Street $54,000
Pickens Street $64,000
Segment Five Total $136,000
Segment Six
Henderson Street $24,000
Barnwell Street $52,000
Devine Street $11,500
Segment Six Total $87,500
Segment Seven
Columbia, SC
Short-Term Suggested Improvements

Location Costs
Laurens Street $49,000
Saluda Avenue/Blossom Street $62,500
Saluda Avenue/Devine Street $81,500
Harden Street N/A
Santee Avenue $6,500
Segment Seven Total $237,000
Segment Eight
Hilton Street $10,500
Heidt Street $35,000
Meadow Street $35,000
Segment Eight Total $80,500
Segment Nine
Queen Street $35,000
King Street $15,000
Segment-Wide N/A
Segment Nine Total $50,000
Segment Ten
Woodrow Street $54,000
Maple Street $71,500
Segment-Wide $7,500
Segment Ten Total $133,000
Segment Eleven
Holly Street $65,000
Olive Street $9,000
Sims Avenue $82,500
Segment Eleven Total $156,500
US 21 Short-Term Total $1,446,000

Columbia, SC
Table 46 - Mid-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs
Mid-Term Suggested Improvements

Location Costs
Segment Six
Devine Street $50,000
Segment Six Total $50,000
US 21 Mid-Term Total $50,000
Table 47 - Long-Term Suggested Improvements Summary of Costs
Long-Term Suggested Improvements

Location Costs
Corridor Wide $206,000
US 21 Long-Term Total $206,000
Table 48 - Overall Summary of Costs
Overall Cost Summary

Time Frame Cost
Short-Term $1,446,000
Mid-Term $50,000
Long-Term $206,000
US 21 Total $1,702,000

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US 21

Pedestrian and Bicycle

Lexington County Line to Millwood Avenue

Figure 1 - Study Location

The objective of an RSA is to address the following questions:

c) ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT TEAM SUMMARY

Table 1 – US 21 RSA Invitees

Name Affiliation Field Review Team Stakeholder

Table 2 – US 21 RSA Participants (9/19/19 – 9/20/19)

Name Affiliation Field Review Team Stakeholder

II. RELEVANT DATA REVIEW

Traffic signal-controlled intersections include:

1. Huger Street (US 21, S-102)

Stop sign controlled intersections include:

1. Williams Street (Local)

Figure 2 – US 21 Manner of Collision

Figure 3 – US 21 Crash Severity

Figure 4 – US 21 Crash Lighting Conditions

Figure 5 – US 21 Crash Road Surface Condition

Figure 6 - Crash Frequency by Month

Figure 7 - Crash Frequency by Day of the Week

Figure 8 - Crash Frequency by Time of Day

Figure 9 - Pedestrian Crash Severity

Figure 10 – Pedestrian Crash Lighting Conditions

Figure 11 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Month

Figure 12 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Day of the Week

Figure 13 - Pedestrian Crash Frequency by Time of Day

Table 3 - Summary of Speed Study Data

US 21 Speed Study Data

Figure 14 - AADT Station Locations

Figure 15 - AADT Data (2013-2018)

SCDOT has planned improvements for:

III. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

Figure 16 – US 21 Study Area Segments

Table 4 - Corridor-Wide Suggested Improvements

Corridor-Wide Improvements Responsible Entity

Table 5 - Suggested Improvements for Corridor Standardization

Corridor Standardization Improvements Responsible Entity

1. Install backplates on all traffic signal heads SCDOT/City of Columbia

2. Install pedestrian buttons for side-street crossings SCDOT/City of Columbia

4. Upgrade to/Re-mark ladder-style crosswalk markings SCDOT

5. Adjust traffic signals to have a leading pedestrian phase SCDOT/City of Columbia

6. Evaluate pedestrian clearance times City of Columbia

7. Upgrade to Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) assembly SCDOT/City of Columbia

8. Upgrade to/Install R10-15 "Yield to Pedestrian" signs SCDOT/City of Columbia

9. Reconstruct wheelchair ramps to SCDOT standards SCDOT

10. Upgrade to/Replace broken countdown pedestrian head SCDOT/City of Columbia

2. Segment One (Williams St. through Pulaski St.)

Quantity Responsible Approximate

Table 7 - Suggested Improvements at Huger Street

Quantity Responsible Approximate

Table 8 - Overall Segment One Suggested Improvements

Quantity Responsible Approximate

3. Segment Two (Pulaski St. through Gadsden St.)

Quantity Responsible Approximate

4. Segment Three (Gadsden St. through Assembly St.)

Quantity Responsible Approximate

Quantity Responsible Approximate

Quantity Responsible Approximate

Install/Upgrade No Right Turn on Red signs to SCDOT/City

5. Segment Four (Assembly St. through Sumter St.)

Quantity Responsible Approximate