Questions 21-30

The invention of photography in the early part of the nineteenth century by Joseph
Niépce and Louis Daguerre in France was the first step toward capturing the moving
image of reality, a dream held by artists and philosophers for thousand of years. Once
still photography had been achieved, attempts to invent moving photographic pictures
began. There already were mechanical devices that gave motion to drawn figures,
ancestors of our animated films. There were also experiments that attempted to use the
photographic process to give motion to images of real figures. In the 1870s, Eadweard
Muybridge captured increments of motion in a racehorse by using a battery of 24
cameras to take a series of still photographs, which be then projected on a screen in
rapid succession to create the illusion of movement. However, the final stage of
development of a practical motion picture camera and projection system had to wait
until perfection of a flexible film that could replace the glass photographic plates that
Muybridge used. Soon after a celluloid film base was discovered by an amateur
inventor, the first roll film was marketed by George Eastman in 1888.

It was the team of William Dickson and Thomas Edison, however, that used the
flexible film for cinematography rather than still photographs. By 1889, the
rudimentary problems with regulating the movement of celluloid strips through the
camera had been solved, and shortly thereafter Edison marketed a box device into
which a single viewer could peer to see the unprojected images in motion. The
kinetoscope, as it was called, was a great success. By 1894 there were kinetoscope
parlors all across the United States and around the world as well.

Within a year inventors from every industrial nation came out with their own
versions of cameras that could take moving pictures, and this left them with only the
simple step of adapting the mechanism for projection onto a large screen. For example,
Auguste and Louis Lumiére devised their Cinématographe, which took, printed, and
projected the films they made. Their contribution to the development of an effective
projection system was their invention of a claw-like device that regulated the
movement of the film in front of the source of light.

21. What aspect of nineteenth-century 22. The author mentions the work of
photography does the passage Niépce and Daguerre in the first
mainly discuss? paragraph in order to

(A) Thomas Edison’s invention of (A) cite an invention crucial to the

the kinetoscope development of motion pictures
(B) The impact of roll film on still (B) demonstrate one of the
photography advantages of flexible film
(C) The development of motion (C) illustrate the popularity of
still pictures photography
(D) The invention of the first motion (D) identify the invention of the first
picture projector machine to give motion to
23. According to the first paragraph, 27. The word “them” in line 23 refers to
what was the main achievement of
Eadweard Muybridge? (A) inventors
(B) versions
(A) The invention of mechanical (C) cameras
devices that gave motion to (D) moving pictures
drawn figures
(B) The use of photography to 28. The word “devised” in line 25 is
create a product similar a closest in meaning to
motion picture
(C) The construction of a screen (A) sold
that caused images to move (B) improved
(D) The development of a practical (C) introduced
motion picture camera (D) designed

24. The word “illusion” in line 10 29. According to the passage, the
is closest in meaning to Cinématographe differed from the
kinetoscope in which of the
(A) description following ways?
(B) analysis
(C) impressions (A) The Cinématographe projected
(D) development moving images onto a large
25. It can inferred from the passage screen.
that Edison’s kinetoscope could not (B) The Cinématographe used
have been produced until which flexible film.
the following was also develop? (C) The Cinématographe was made
possible by the invention of
(A) A motion picture projector photography.
(B) The Cinématographe (D) The Cinématographe used still
(C) Flexible film photographs.
(D) Larger glass plates
30. Which of the following inventors
26. The word “rudimentary” in line 17 is made an improvement to how films
closest in meaning to were projected?

(A) Unpleasant (A) Louis Daguerre

(B) identifiable (B) Eadweard Muybridge
(C) costly (C) George Eastman
(D) basic (D) Auguste and Louis Lumiére