Biology – Immune System

What does the immune system distinguish between?

The body distinguishes between “self” and “nonself”
(antigens)
 Biology – Immune System
What are the types of B-lymphocytes?
Memory cells and plasma cells
 Biology – Immune System
Memory cells
Remember antigen, speed up secondary response
 Biology – Immune System
Plasma cells
Plasma cells make and release antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM,
IgD, IgE) which induce antigen phagocytosis
 Biology – Immune System
Active Immunity
Antibodies are produced during an immune response
 Biology – Immune System
Passive Immunity
Antibodies produced by one organism are transferred to
another organism
 Biology – Immune System
What are the types of T-lymphocytes?
 Cytotoxic T-Cell
Helper T-Cells
Suppressor T-Cells
Memory Cells
 Biology – Immune System
Cytotoxic T-Cell
Destroy cells directly
 Biology – Immune System
Helper T-Cells
Activate B- and T-cells and macrophages by secreting
lymphokines
 Biology – Immune System
Suppressor T-Cells
Regulate B- and T-cells to decrease anti-antigen activity
 Biology – Immune System
Nonspecific Immune Response
 Includes skin, passages lined with cilia, macrophages,
inflammatory response, and interferons (proteins that help
prevent the spread of a virus)
 Biology – Immune System
Where do Lymph vessels meet in the Lymphatic
System?
Lymph vessels meet at the thoracic duct in the upper chest
and neck, draining into the left subclavian vein of the
cardiovascular system
 Biology – Immune System
What are the functions of vessels and lacteals?
Vessels carry lymph (excess interstitial fluid), and lacteals
collect fats by absorbing chylomicrons in the small
intestine
 Biology – Immune System
What occurs with lymph nodes in the Lymphatic
System?
 Lymph nodes are swellings along the vessels with
phagocytic cells (leukocytes); they remove foreign particles
from lymph