Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)

Measures molecular vibrations of characteristic functional
groups
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Alkanes
C-H 2800-3000
C-C 1200
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Alkenes
=C-H 3080-3140
C=C 1645
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Alkynes
C≡C 2200
≡C-H 3300
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Aromatic
C-H 2900-3100
C-C 1475-1625
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Alcohols
O-H 3100-3500 (broad)
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Ethers
C-O 1050-1150
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Aldehydes
(O)C-H 2700-2900
C=O 1700-1750
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Ketones
C=O 1700-1750
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Carboxylic Acids
 C=O 1700-1750
O-H 2800-3200 (broad)
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
IR Amines
N-H (sharp) 3100-3500
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
UV Spectroscopy
Involves passing UV light through a chemical sample and
plotting absorbance vs. wavelength. It is most useful for
studying compounds containing double bonds and
heteroatoms with lone pairs
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
Nucleus Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
H-NMR is a form of NMR, only looking at proton shifts
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR RCH3
Approximate shift: 0.9
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR RCH2
Approximate shift: 1.25
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR R3CH
Approximate shift: 1.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CH=CH
Approximate shift: 4.6-6
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –C≡CH
Approximate shift: 2-3
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR Ar–H
Approximate shift: 6-8.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CHX
Approximate shift: 2-4.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CHOH/–CHOR
Approximate shift: 3.4-4
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR RCHO
Approximate shift: 9-10
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR RCHCO–
Approximate shift: 2-2.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CHCOOH/–CHOOR
Approximate shift: 2-.2.6
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CHOH–CH2OH
Approximate shift: 1-5.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR ArOH
Approximate shift: 4-12
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –COOH
Approximate shift: 10.5-12
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –NH2
Approximate shift: 1-5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR –CHOH–CH2OH
Approximate shift: 1-5.5
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
NMR Types of Protons
Corresponds to the number of peaks seen in the spectrum
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
Position of peaks
 The further left-shifted (downfield) the peak, the more
deshielded the proton. Usually this corresponds to more
electron-withdrawing groups
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
Integration of peaks
The larger the integration, the more protons contained
under the peak
 Organic Chemistry – Spectroscopy
Splitting
Hydrogens on adjacent carbons will split a peak into a n +
1 subpeaks, where n is the number of hydrogens on the
adjacent carbon