12/1/2020 Electrical Design 1

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ELECTRICA
L DESIGN 1
T H I S C O U R S E D E A L S W I T H T H E S T U D Y O F E L E C T R I C A L S Y S T E M D E S I G N , I N S TA L L AT I O N A N D
C O S T E S T I M A T I O N F O R S I N G L E A N D M U LT I - FA M I LY D W E L L I N G U N I T S G U I D E D B Y T H E P R O V I S I O N S
O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E E L E C T R I C A L C O D E ( P E C ) A N D O T H E R R E L E VA N T L A W S A N D S T N D A R D S .

S U N D AY, F E B R U A R Y 2 8 , 2 0 1 0 LABELS

TERM TEST A. week1 (1)

1. A school classroom with general dimension of 24 x 30 feet is lighted B.week 2 and 3 (1)
with 10 fluorescent lamp 4F 40 T12 WW rapid start lamp. Calculate the C. week 4 and 5 (1)
initial and maintaned illumination in foot candle and lux, assuming
that the coefficient of utilization is 0.35 and the maintenance factor is D. week 6 and 7 (1)
0.70. E. week 8 and 9 (1)

2. An office room with general dimension of 8 x 20 meters is to be F. week 10 and 11 (1)

lighted at an average maintaned foot candle of 50. How many 3 lamp G. week 12 (1)
fixtures of 120 centimeterslong F40 T12 WW rapid start fluorescent
lamps are required assuming 0.38 cu and 0.75 mf? H. week 13 (1)

POSTED BY ELECTRICAL DESIGN 1 AT 12:32 AM 10 COMMENT S: I. week 14 (1)

LABELS: I. WEEK 14

BLOG ARCHIVE

S U N D AY, F E B R U A R Y 2 1 , 2 0 1 0 ▼ 2010 (9)

COST ESTIMATION ▼ February (9)

TERM TEST
ESTIMATION GUIDE
COST ESTIMATION
1. Prepare paper, pencils, scale and rulers. Mark papers
indicating the panel no., circuit number and the ELECTRIC MOTOR AND
location of the circuit run. OVERCURRENT
2. Study plans, drawing and specifications. PROTECTION

2.1 Coordinate with Civil, Mechanical and ILLUMINATION

CALCULATION AND
Architectural Estimators about the following
DESIGN FOR MULTI-
2.1.1 Height between floors FAMI...
2.1.2 Drop ceilings and ceiling supports WIRING CALCULATION FOR
2.1.3 Height between finish floor and ceilings MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING
2.1.4 Major beams and columns thru which ILLUMINATION
conduits may not pass CALCULATION AND

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2.1.5 Other architectural/civil/mechanical drawings DESIGN FOR SINGLE

FAM...
indicating positions of the lights, special
WIRING CALCULATIONS FOR
outlets or aircon unit equipment.
SINGLE FAMILY
2.2 Check and make a physical count of the following DWELLING UNIT
2.2.1 Lighting fixtures – number of each type of PEC REQUIREMENTS FOR
fixtures ADEQUATE WIRING IN
SINGLE AND...
2.2.2 Convenience outlets – duplex
BASIC CONCEPT IN
2.2.3 Special outlet
ELECTRICAL DESIGN
2.2.4 Panel boards – make a complete description
of each panel board.
The description should include:
a. main breaker rating or lugs only
b. no. of branches per ampere trip
c. kAIC
2.2.5 Other electrical equipment to be supplied by
contractor
2.3 Study carefully the circuit runs and the riser
diagram together with the schedule of load.
3. Determine the approximate length of wire and conduit
per circuit.
3.1 For the conduit (each circuit) - measure the length
from the last outlet to the panel using the scale.
The trace of the route must be followed as per
drawing.
3.2 For the wire – measure the length between
outlets and the length shall be multiplied by the
no. of wires. The sum of the products (lengths x
the no of wires) shall be the approximate length
of wire.
3.3 Sum up the total length of conduit per size and
divide by 3. Round off and add 10%.
3.4 Sum up the total length of wire for each size and
divide by 150 to get the no of rolls. Round off and
add 10%.
3.5 Set aside the papers and data temporarily.
4. Determine the approximate length of wire and
conduct for the panel homerun to the main panel or
main distribution panel.
4.1 Conduits – measure the length of the run. Check
the shortest possible route and avoid
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obstructions. Total length divide 3 and add 5%

4.2 Wire – multiply the length of conduct by the
following constants
a. 2- for two-wire single phase
b. 3- for two-wire single phase with neutral
c. 3- for three-wire, 3-phase
d. 4- for 3-phase, 4 wire
5. Boxes
5.1 Octagonal boxes – provide one box for each
lighting fixtures
5.2 Utility box 4”x 2” – provide one box for each
switch, duplex outlet or special outlet (small)
5.3 Square box 4” – provide one box if the conduits
terminating exceed 4 conduits or special big
outlets.
5.4 Square box 4 11/16 – provide one box for one-inch
diameter conduits or for special purpose outlets.
Also provide one box for multiple (6 or more)
terminations.
5.5 Pull boxes – provide one box for every 18 meters
of conduits length depending upon the length of
run. Other pull boxes may be designated by plans.
Check with the designer/consultant about the
sizes.
6. Fittings
6.1 For PVC pipes
6.1.1 Couplings – provide 1 coupling for every
length plus 1 coupling for every
termination.
6.1.2 Elbows – provide 1-900 elbow for every
quarter turn for sizes of 32 mm (1 1/4”)
and above.
6.1.3 Cement – provide 1 can for every 10
length of conduit.
6.1.4 End bells – provide 1 for every
termination.
6.2 For RSC conduits
6.2.1 Coupling – provide 1 additional coupling
for every 5 lengths
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6.2.2 Elbows- provide one 90-degree elbow

every 90-degree turn for sizes of 25
mm (1”) diameter above.
6.2.3 Locknut and bushing – provide one pair
for every termination.
6.3 For electrical metallic tubing
6.3.1 Couplings- one set for every length
6.3.2 Elbows- use on site bended EMT
6.3.3 Adapters w/ locknut and bushing- for
every termination are 1 adapter and 1
pair of locknut and bushings.
6.4 Straps – two (2) straps for every length of
conduit. In sizes of 25 mm diameter and above
use clamps especially for RSC or EMT conduits.
6.5 Other fittings
6.5.1 Wire trays/cable trays – check with
drawings and consultant/designer
6.5.2 Cable trough / duets – check w/ drawings
especially that the drawings may have
specific sizes.
7. Other Considerations
7.1 for lighting fixtures – add 1 m of wire for
every termination or lighting fixtures
7.2 for convenience outlets
a. Add 0.8 m. for every C.0. to the
length of pipe and 1m of wire for
every termination
b. Add 0.4 m above the height of
counters if the C.O. is above the
counter in addition to the height of
the counter. Add also 1 m of wire
for every termination.
7.3 for homeruns terminating a panel boards
add 2 meters of wires for every circuit.
7.4 provide an empty conduit for every spare
circuit per panel
7.5 normally the electronic and
communication circuits will be in separate
sheets and have an ECE estimate
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7.6 provide 1 connector for every termination

# 6 up.
8. Summarize the lists of materials as follows
8.1 conduits – total of each size
8.2 fittings - total of each type/size
8.3 boxes - total of each type/size
8.4 panels – per panel and lowest canvassed price
8.5 Wires - total length of each wire size
8.6 Connectors – (solderless less) total termination of
each size for wire #6 wire and above.
8.7 Tape – 1 roll PVC tape for every 100 m of wire plus
1 roll of rubber tape for every 200m of wire.
8.8 other materials must be itemized.
9. Costing
9.1 get the unit cost for each item and deduct all discounts.
9.2 from the total cost add 5% to 10% mark up
9.3 For all others materials like duets, panels, transfer
switches, safety switches, and etc.- get the price from the
fabricator net (less discounts) and add 5% markup.
10. Preparation of Bid or Asking Price
10.1 Material cost
Conduits Fitting Boxes__________________________
Wires and wiring Devices________________________
Lighting fixtures _______________________________
Safety Devices_________________________________
Service Entrance and Mains_______________________
Others________________________________________
_______________________
Subtotal A
10.2 Labor Cost
10.1 If materials are imported
a. Labor Cost is 20 % of subtotal A
b. Supervision is 3% of subtotal A
c. Mark-up is 1.25 % of subtotal A
10.2 If the conduits and most materials are
locally available
a. Labor cost is 25 % to 30% of subtotal
A

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b. Supervision cost is 4% to 5% of
subtotal A
c. Mark up cost is 2 % of subtotal A
10.3 Contingencies – an allowance of 5% to 7%
of the total cost of materials and labor
10.4 Overhead – this include the cost of
transportation, office staff tools and
equipment depreciation, papers and office
supplies to representation, and cost of money.
- Normally 7% to 10% of the cost of materials is
the cost of overhead.
10.5 Permits – show the plans to the municipal
electrical engineer or his assistant and request
for an estimate. Add 5% to cover the
exingencies.
10.6 a. the sum cost as computed in 10.1 and
10.5 is to be multiplied by 0.03 to get the
contractor’s tax.
b. Add the contractor’s tax to the sum of
sections 10.1 to 10.5 and round off. This will
be your bid price.
POSTED BY ELECTRICAL DESIGN 1 AT 3:42 PM 22 COMMENT S:
LABELS: H. WEEK 13

ELECTRIC MOTOR AND OVERCURRENT

PROTECTION

Parts of a Motor Branch Circuit

A - Motor circuit conductor 125 % of current full load

B' - Motor disconnecting means

B - Motor Branch Circuit; over current protection usually 300% of full

load current for safety switch (SS) or 250% of full load current for air
circuit breaker (ACB)

NOTE: These values are for general purposes motor only, values of B

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will depend on type and class of motor. The range is from 150% to
300% of the full load current, and shall in no case exceed 400% of full
load current.

C - Motor Controller - rated according to motor horsepower

D - Motor Running Over current and overload protection: setting is

from 115% to 125% of full load current. Value of 1.15 nd 1.25 is called
service factor (SF)

1. Circuit Conductor - for the size of conductor having a maximum

ampacity greater than the calculated value to protect the conductor
from burning due to overheating. Faulty wiring is caused by the
undersized conductor wire.

2. Branch Circuit Over current Protection - for protection against short

circuit ground fault which cause over current flow. It should be capable
of carrying the starting current of the motor.

3. Motor - controller ( magnetic contactor ) - used to start and stop the

motor. It includes any switch or device capable of interrupting the
stalled rotor current of motor.

4. Running Over current and Overload Protection - used to protect

motor controller and motor against excessive heating due to motor
overload and failure to start.

CIRCUIT FOR MOTOR LOAD

Name plate of the motor

25 hp,220 volts, 3 phase; 3 wires

60 Hz, 0.84 power factor 90.5% efficiency

SOLUTION:

1. Solve for the current load:

1 horsepower = 746 watts

I = (load in hp x 746 w)/ (k x E x pf x n)

where:

k - 1.0 for 2 wire single phase DC

1.73 for 3 wire, 3 phase AC
2.0 for 3 wire single phase AC or DC
3.0 for 4 wires, 3 phase AC

E - voltage between the neutral and live wire or between two live wires
if no neutral line exists

I - Current in any live wire except Neutral Line

pf - power factor

N - efficiency

2. Applying the formula

I = (25 hp x 746)/(1.73 x 220 volts x .84 x 90.5%)

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= 64.45 A

3. Determine the Motor feeder. The current load of a motor multiplied

by 125% (Code requirements)

4. Find the size of the conductor wire. Refer to Table, for 80.56 A, use
any of the following:

3 - 38 mm2 THW or RHW copper wire

3 - 50 mm2 TW copper wire
3 - 80 mm2 TW aluminum or copper clad alum
3 - 50 mm2 THW or RHW aluminum or copper clad aluminum

The allowable ampacities of the above wires in Table was derated by

80% to carry the 80.56 A current load.

5. Solve for the size of conduit pipe. Refer to Table, use 50 mm

diameter pipe.

6. Determine the size or rating of the over current protection. The Code
provides "The maximum over current protection for a single motor or a
combination of motors should be, 250% of the ampacity of the largest
motor plus the sum of the full load current of the other motors.

Therefore:
64.45 A x 250% = 161.15 A minimum

7. Refer to Table. Use 150 A fuse or trip breaker. It is the nearest

standard rating which does not exceed the 161.12 A current load as
computed.

MATERIALS FOR MOTOR INSTALLATION:

1. 25 hp Induction motor 230 volts, 3 phase, 1800 rpm, 60 Hz at 40

degree temperature rise

2. Magnetic thermal overload control with contractors.

3. Service entrance cap 50 mm with locknut

4. 38 mm2 THW or RHW copper wire.

5. 50 mm2 diameter IMT or RSC conduit pipe

6. Conduit clamp with screw, 50 mm conduit pipe

7. TPST safety switch or circuit breaker 150 or 250 volts

The quantity of materials depends upon the area and choice of the
designing Engineer

CALCULATION PROCEDURES IN FINDING THE SIZE OF

FEEDER AND THE OVERLOAD CURRENT PROTECTION
FOR A GROUP OF MOTORS

Four 3 - phase motor 220 volts squirrel cage induction motor designed
for 40 degree Celsius temperature rise at 1800 rpm, 60 Hz

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SOLUTION:

1. Determine the main feeder of the motors. Apply 25% of the biggest
motor current load plus the sum of the other motors.

(45 x 1.25) + 39 + 29 +21

= 145.25 A

2. Refer to Table. For the 145.25 A current load use any of the following
conductor wires:

3 - 80 mm2 THW or RHW copper wire

3 - 100 mm2 TW copper wire
3- 125 mm2 THW or RHW aluminum or copper clad aluminum
3 - 150 mm2 TW clad aluminum

3. Determine the main over current protection. The National Electrical

Code provides that:

" The protection rating or setting of a motor shall be 250 % percent

(maximum) of the full load current of the biggest motor being served
plus the sum of the full load current of the other motors."

(45 x 125%) x (250% +39 + 29 + 21)

140.625 + 89 = 229.625 A (maximum)

4. Refer to Table. Select a fuse or trip breaker that is nearest to

standard rating that will not exceed 229.62 A. Use 200 A.

OVERLOAD PROTECTION
Overcurrents
An overcurrent exists when the normal load current for a circuit is
exceeded. It can be in the form of an overload or short-circuit. When
applied to motor circuits an overload is any current, flowing within the
normal circuit path, that is higher than the motor’s normal full load
amperes (F.L.A.). A short-circuit is an overcurrent which greatly
exceeds the normal full load current of the circuit. Also, as its name
infers, a short-circuit leaves the normal current carrying path of the
circuit and takes a “short cut” around the load and back to the power
source. Motors can be damaged by both types of currents.Single-
phasing, overworking and locked rotor conditions are
just a few of the situations that can be protected against with the
careful choice of protective devices. If left unprotected, motors will
continue to operate even under abnormal conditions. The excessive
current causes the motor to overheat, which in turn causes the motor
winding insulation to deteriorate and ultimately fail. Good motor
overload protection can greatly extend the useful life of a motor.
Because of a motor’s characteristics, many common overcurrent
devices actually offer limited or no protection.

Motor Starting Currents

When an AC motor is energized, a high inrush current occurs.

Typically, during the initial half cycle, the inrush current is often higher
than 20 times the normal full load current. After the first halfcycle the
motor begins to rotate and the starting current subsides to 4 to 8 times
the normal current for several seconds. As a motor reaches running
speed, the current subsides to its normal running level. Typical motor
starting characteristics are shown in Curve 1.

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Because of this inrush, motors require special overload protective

devices that can withstand the temporary overloads associated with
starting currents and yet protect the motor from sustained overloads.
There are four major types. Each offers varying degrees of protection.

Fast Acting Fuses

To offer overload protection, a protective device, depending on its
application and the motor’s service factor (S.F.), should be sized at
115% or less of motor F.L.A. for 1.0 S.F. or 125% or less of motor F.L.A.
for 1.15 or greater S.F. However, as shown in Curve 2, when fast-acting,
non-time-delay fuses are sized to the recommended level the motors
inrush will cause nuisance openings.

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A fast-acting, non-time-delay fuse sized at 300% will allow the motor to

start but sacrifices the overload protection of the motor. As shown by
Curve 3 below, a sustained overload will damage the motor before the
fuse can open.

POSTED BY ELECTRICAL DESIGN 1 AT 3:41 PM 10 COMMENT S:

LABELS: G. WEEK 12
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