TSLB3152

Digital Innovation in Teaching and

Learning

● Coursework 100% (Individual)

Types of Methods of Percentage (%)

Assessment Assessment
Quiz 10
Project 70
Coursework
Project Report 10
Presentation 10
Main References
● Tan, S.C. (2014) Knowledge creation in
education: Education innovation series.
Singapore: Springer.
● Johnson, S., (2013). Digital tools for teaching:
30 e-tools for collaborating, creating, and
publishing across the curriculum. Maupin
House Pub.
● Mesquita, A. (Ed.). (2011). Technology for
creativity and innovation. IGI GLOBAL.
Additional References
● Buku Panduan Kreativiti dan Inovasi: Elemen Merentas
Kurikulum Dalam KSSR. (2012). Cetakan Ketiga,
Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Kementerian
Pelajaran Malaysia.
● Yang, D. (2013). Understanding and profiting from
intellectual property: Strategies across borders (2nd ed.)
UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
● Stim, R. (2014). Patent, Copyright and Trademark: An
Intellectual Property Desk Reference (13th ed.). USA.
● The NMC Horizon Report: 2014 K-12 Edition. (2014).
The New Media Consortium.
Online Class Mode

Class Mode Percentage

Synchronous 40%
Asynchronous 60%
 Digital Innovation in
Teaching and Learning
TSLB3152

Topic 1
Concept and Innovation
Process
 Content
● Definitionand Concept of Innovation
● Innovation Process

● Models of Innovation in Education

● Factors that affect innovation
● Acceptance of Innovation

● Innovation Copyright
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
Technical change that can be in the forms
related to :(Schumpeter, 1934)
● goods (products) that are new to
consumers, or higher quality than their
previous counterparts;
● production methods that are new to specific
industries and economic activities in which
they are used;
● opening of new markets;
● use of new sources of raw materials;
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
●a new or significantly improved product
(good or service), or process, a new
marketing method, or a new organizational
method in business practices, workplace
organization or external relations” (OECD,
2005, p. 46)

● OECD= Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
two major (conceptual) aspects of innovation
(Cooper 1998, Gopalakrishnan and
Damanpour 1997):
● innovation as a process that encourages
change
● innovation as an event, object, or a discrete
product, characterized by novelty.
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
Product innovation
A good or service that is new or significantly improved. This
includes significant improvements in technical specifications,
components and materials, software in the product, user
friendliness or other functional characteristics.
Process innovation
A new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This
includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or
software.
Marketing innovation
A new marketing method involving significant changes in product
design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or
pricing.
Organisational innovation
A new organisational method in business practices, workplace
organisation or external relations.
Oslo Manual
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
● Technological innovations – based on
specific technology, invention, discovery,
● Social innovations – in critical historic periods
more important than technological ones (mail,
educational systém, social systém, health
care, …)
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
12 concepts of innovation (Godin, 2008) :
A: innovation as process of doing of
something new:
● innovation as imitation;

● innovation as invention;
● innovation as discovery;
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
12 concepts of innovation (Godin, 2008) :
B: innovation as human abilities to creative
activity:
● - innovation as imagination;

● - innovation as ingenuity;
● - innovation as creativity;
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
12 concepts of innovation (Godin, 2008) :
C: innovation as change in all spheres of
life:
● - innovation as cultural change;

● - innovation as social change;

● - innovation as organizational change;
● political change;
● technological change;
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
12 concepts of innovation (Godin, 2008) :
D: innovation as commercialization of new product
● Another detailed classification of the aspects and
dimensions of innovation is given by Ram, Cui and Wu
(2010). The authors distinguish the following aspects of
innovation:
● innovation as something new;

● innovation as a conduit of change

● innovation as a process;

● innovation as a value driver;

● innovation as an invention.
Definition and Concept of
Innovation
● innovation as something new (some real object: product,
service or software);
● - innovation as process of doing, creating something
new;
● - innovation as the instrument for doing, creating
something new;
● - innovation as condition (environment) for doing
something new;
● - innovation as idea (concept) of something new;
● - innovation as human abilities for doing something new;
● - innovation as process of change.
(Ahmed and Shepherd, 2010)
Table 1 A typology of innovations
Aspect of Innovation
Innovation vs. Invention
Innovation vs. Creativity

● Creativity
is the process of
thinking whereas innovation is a
productive process.
Yayasan Inovasi Malaysia, 2010
Innovation Process
INNOVATION PROCESS
● Research and development (R&D)
● Production
● Marketing
Innovation is an opportunity for something new,
different. It is always based on change.
Innovators do not view any change as a threat
but as an opportunity
Models of Innovation
Figure 1. Linear models of innovation
Figure 2 The simultaneous coupling model
Figure 3 Interactive model of innovation
Source: Adapted from R. Rothwell and W. Zegveld (1985) Reindustrialisation and Technology, Longman, London.
Table 1 The chronological development of models of innovation
 Digital Innovation in
Teaching and Learning
Facilitating Roles of Digital Technology

Innovative pedagogical model ( educational game, online

virtual lab)
Simulation (virtual / online remote control lab)
International level collaboration (multi-culture
communication)
Formative evaluation / skill based assessment and active
discussion
Electronic learning
Impact of Innovation on Education

improve the outcome of learning.

increase the accessibility of
opportunities for equal education.
Four categories of Innovation in Education:

1) Product and services - new syllabus, textbook ad

references.
2) Delivering Process: for delivering their services –
e-learning services through the use of Information
Communication Technology (ICT)
3) organization/new activities - communication through the
use of ICT with students and parents.
4) new marketing technique – different tuition fees for post
graduate study program.
(OECD, 2016)
Factors that affect
Innovation
Factors that affect
innovation
Human
Resources
Acceptance of
Innovation
Innovation Copyright
 MyIPO
http://www.myipo.gov.my/en/home
/
Innovation Copyright
● Patent – a grant from the Patent and Trademark Office to
the inventor of product, giving the exclusive right to
make, use, or sell the invention for 20 years from the
date of filing the patent application.
● Trademark – any distinctive word, symbol, design, name,
logo, slogan, or trade dress a company uses to identify
the origin of a product or to distinguish it from other
goods on the market.
● Servicemark – the same as a trademark except that it
identifies the source of a service rather than a product.

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Innovation Copyright
● Copyright – an exclusive right that protects
the creators of original works of authorship
such as literary, dramatic, musical, and
artistic works.
● Copyrighted material is denoted by the
symbol ©.

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