Equations to Remember

Vectors

 vector, A = Ax^i + Ay ^j

 x and y components of a vector: Ax = ∣ A ∣ cos θ and Ay = ∣ A ∣ sin θ

 speed or magnitude, v = vx2 + vy2

A
 direction or value of 𝜃, θ = arctan A yx
Quantities in Kinematics

 Displacement, Δ x = x2 − x1
 Time, Δt = t2 − t1
d2 − d1 Δd
 Average speed, sa = =
t2 − t1 Δt
x2 − x1 Δx
 Average Velocity, va = =
t2 − t1 Δt
Δx
 Instantaneous Velocity, v = lim
Δt
Δv
 Instantaneous Acceleration, a = lim
Δt
 Uniform Acceleration, vx = ax t + v0 x

Displacement

Equations to Remember 1
 1
 Δx = (vx + v0 )t
2
1
 Δx = v0 t + ax t2
2
1
 x = x0 + v0 t + ax t2
2

Kinematic Equations for Uniform Acceleration

 vx = ax t + v0
x − x0 vx + v0 1
 = or x − x0 = (v0 + vx )t
t 2 2
1
 x − x0 = v0 t + ax t2
2
 vx2 = v02 + 2ax (x − x0 )

Kinematic Equations for Free Fall

 vy = −∣g∣t + v0
y − y0 vy + v0 1
 = or y − y0 = (v0 + vy )t
t 2 2
1
 y − y0 = v0 t − ∣g∣t2
2
 vy2 = v02 − 2∣g∣(y − y0 )

Projectile Motion

 Initial velocity components, vx = v0 cos α0 and vy = v0 sin α0

Horizontal components

 x = x0 + (v0 cos α0 )t
 vx = v0 cos α0
 vx2 = (vo cos α0 )2
vx + v0 cos α0
 x = x0 + ( )t
2
Vertical components
1 1
 y = y0 + v0 t − ∣g∣t2 or y = y0 + (v0 sin α0 )t − ∣g∣t2
2 2

Equations to Remember 2
  vy = v0 − ∣g∣t or vy = v0 sin α0 − ∣g∣t
 vy2 = v02 − 2∣g∣(y − y0 ) or vy2 = (v0 sin α0 )2 − 2∣g∣(y − y0 )
vy + v0 vy + v0 sin α0
 y = y0 + ( )t or y = y0 + ( )t
2 2
Shape of trajectory
x 1 x
 y = y0 + (v0 sin α0 )( ) − ∣g∣( )2
v0 cos α0 2 v0 cos α0
∣g∣
 y = (tan α0 )x − ( 2 )x2
2v0 cos2 α0
Maximum Height (only valid if initial height = final height)
v02
 H = in terms of the y component
2g
v02 sin2 α0
 H =
2g
Time of Flight (only valid if initial height = final height)
2v0 sin α0
 T =
g
Range (only valid if initial height = final height)

 R = v0 T
2vx vy
 R =
g
v02 sin 2α0
 R =
g
Uniform Circular Motion

v2
 Radial component or centripetal instantaneous acceleration, a : arad =
R
2πR
 v=
T
4π 2 R
 Centripetal acceleration in terms of T arad =
T2
 Magnitude of acceleration, ∣ a ∣ = a2rad + a2tan
 Distance = Circumference = C = 2πR

Equations to Remember 3
 time
 Period = in seconds
revolution
circumference
 Speed, v =
period
Relative Velocity

 vAB = −vB A
 aP A = aP B
 Velocity of P relative to R = v P E = v P A + v RE

 Magnitude: ∣ v P E ∣ = ( v P A )2 + ( v RE )2

v PA
 Direction: θ = = tan x
v RE
Newton’s Second Law of Motion

 ∑F = ma

Equations to Remember 4