 Because reporting is very important, syempre the PROPER laboratory reporting I mean.

Okay
soo.. I suppose that you had already watched the lecture.
 So ah kung nakapanuod na kayo nung mga i-nilecture natin, video lectures regarding different
procedures under CBC ahm kaya medyo mappabilis na tong ating ano, discussion, so konting
orientation lang regarding the routine RBC procedures.
 Now, for the routine RBC procedures, obviously, it involves the parameters under the webcells,
okay yung mga webcells like for examples. RBC count, hemoglobin hematocrit, okay webcells
indices, okay so webcell indices so yun ang mga under sa CBC na routine RBC Procedure. Kasi ah
meron tayong additional test dito na ididiscuss.
 Naidicuss ko naman dun sa lecture natin na we have the ESR *ttot* count. So the leukocyte is
also an ESR is part of the routine RBC procedure but they are not part of the CBC.
 Okay. Kaya pag naka receive kayo ng CBC sinabi ko dun sa lecture kung dun ko nga nabanggit.
Kung Cbc wag kayo gagawa ng retic count, because ang retic count is an additional request.
 Okay so di kasama yun no hang retic count, pero that is a routine RBC procedure.
 So ulitin ko ulit yung routine RBC Procedures, so you have hemoglobin hematocrit, RBC count,
ahh Webcell indices, okay kasama yung MCV, MCH, MCHC and then ESR tsaka retic, yan yung
mga routine RBC.
 Ngayon pag usapan natin ang ibang, itong mga routine RBC, kasi yung gagawin niyo will be
manual RBC count ay magreretic count kayo no. Try to mimic as much as possible kung ano yung
mga ginagawa natin sa laboratory.
 Okay now for the RBc if you have already watch the lecture ahm so RBC count is the principle
try to dilute the blood as the specified dilution and then we will be counting the cells using
hemocytometer.
 So the material and the equipment we are using here will be the Thoma pipet and the
hemocytometer. Ito yung special material na gagamitin natin for manual count. Okay
 Now obviously the significance of determining the RBC count is to ah para malaman kung okay
ba ng number ng red blood cells niya in his or her circulation.
 Obviously we have reference values I have given in our lecture.
 So below the reference values ahh set depending on the gender, depending on the age of the
patient, below the reference value obviously we can interpret the person might be suffering
with anemia
 If it is beyond the reference value napakadali lang so it maybe polycythemic yung pasyente
 But merong mga factors na pwede magkaroon ng false anemia and false polycythemia but
basically if it is below the reference value anemia yun, kapag above polycythemia ang term
natin.
 Okay now ahm soo, the spastomen is a decay?? Blood sample and the reagent that we will be
using for diluting our blood would isotonic.
 So there are lot of diluting fluids as I have mentioned in the lecture noh, so basta the general
characteristic of all of those diluting fluid should be isotonic, it should not alter the appearance
of out cells whenever we will be counting it manually.
 Dapat di siya mag swell, kelan siya mag sweswell pagka hypotonic solution ang ginamit natin.
Pwede mag shrink, so it will alter the appearance of the red cell pagka naman hypertonic
solution ang gagamitin. so hindi pwede yung –hyper at hypo- it should be isotonic fluid
 So yan meron tayong available diluting fluid no the *Dc’s, LSS, Ayems* (4:42) so lahat ng yun
isotonic
 So this is again the appearance of the hemocytometer that we will use for manual count
 As I have mention in our lecture this is not only use for counting form elements or blood cells,
form elements in the blood or blood cells, it can also be used for counting cells of different body
fluids manually, so if you are a laboratorist and you will be counting cells in other body fluids ,
Cms, CFF as mga asites ang mga plural fluid.
 Okay so pagka wala naming machines para makapag bilang kung ano yung mga cxel;l na kaiklita
dun at gusting Makita ng mga doctor ang tumataas na WBC sa CSF so we are oblidge to count
the number of WBC in CSF because kunware tumaas yung may acterial infection noh and yung
bacteria andun na sa CSF so merong specific na WBC na expected na marami sa CSF kaya minsan
nag paparequest si doctor na magbilang ng mga cells, ay manually.
 We have to use the hemocytmeter this is, kung di pa kayo nakakita nito kasi you don’t have a
laboratory, this is a thick glass medyo makapal siya mga half inch ba, mga 0.25 inch okay, mas
makapal siya ng konti sa glass liid na ginagamit natin ordinary so medyo makapal yan kung dipa
nakakakita kayo.
 And then there are several parts there but what’s important here is this, we call it the counting
chamber
 So I have mention in our lecture that this counting chamber if you look at it under the
microscope so you will see a ruled grids and lines or ruled area.
 The ruled area that we use for counting our red cells will this area yan ang itnatawag natin na
central large square. So central large square an
 Kapag magbibilang kayo ng RBC, gagamit tayo ng tatlong medium, ay tatlo, limang medium
squares. Yan kita niyo yan, so yan ang gagamitin natin sa manual count.
 So we have two chambers, we have one here and another one here so sometime medtech’s are
counting RBC, total RBC on the first chamber so we get the total number on the first chamber
and then magbibilang din sila ng red blood cell in the next chamber, so five din, basta lima ng
lima no hang gagamitin ang then you will get the average, okay we will get the average.
 Now this is what you see under the microscope we have grids and lines so again we call it
nakalagay na dito improved new width power.
 So yan may mga sukat yan so I have already discussed it in our lecture so I will not discuss it
here.
 So ah for today you will see in your pdf file that I have posted in the moodle, meron tayong mga
nakafocus na nakafocus na square bibilingan niyo na ngayon ng mga red blood cells. Okay so
magbibilang kayo noh, yaan ang problema lang dito bago kayo magbilang kasi you will ask
*toot*(8:33) the blood, you will ask the diluting fluid, then you will do the charging.
 Yung other steps ng manual RBC count hindi natin magagawa so kunware nag gawa na kunware
nagbibilang na lang kayo so yan yan ang gagawin natin for today ano.
 Then ahm. You will notice each of the medium square of the red blood cell do have small
squares. So may 16 bawat isang medium square. Yan bibilangan natin lahat ng yan , though get
the average kaso pag ka nagbilang kayo ng first chamber sa first chamber limang squares so
don’t get the average.
 For example you have counted 450 cell here nooh dun sa lima, ang pagkakamali kasi ng ibang
estudyante sa noong nakaraang batch, edi nagbilang ng 450 sa limang squares nay an, ang
ginagawa nila divided by 5 so magkakaroon ngayon ng average akala nila you will get the
average
 Now you will only get the average if you counted five*toot*(9:40)
 For example 450 nabilang mo first chamber okay eh tapos nagbilang ka ulit ng limang ganito sa
next chamber naka 425 ka naman, tsaka ka palang maggeget the average so that will be 450 plus
425 so kuhann mo yan total nyan so you will get the average divide by two
 So again don’t get the average , don’t divide 450 by 5.
 Maliwanag ba? So yun ang square na gagamitin natin. Kasi ito ang gagamitin natin for WBC
count, yang pag ka mag WWBc tayo diuto tayo nagbibilang ng ating white blood cell. Yubng
platelet dito, yunbg platelet pwede din magbilang sa RBC square, pagplatelet count kahit ano
jan.okay
 So yan now, so ahm. What is the pano ba gawin to, what is the procedure for manual RBC count
but before that ito naman yung pipet natin. As you can see here in our pipet the RBC pipet
meron siyang stem, may bulb, may 101 mark. So pag ka REBC pipet mapapansin niyo na above
the bulb mayroong 101 mark that is why whenever we try to compute for the dilution factor
again, okay?
 For the dilution factor that will be 101 minus 1 divided by where you have ask for rated the
blood up to what mark of your stem ng pipet ninyo.
 Now if it is routine procedure, routine automatically have to ask for the blood up to .5 mark, if it
is a routine procedure
 So that’s why you will put here .5, so pag ka sinabi sa exam compute for the dilution factor if the
medtech using RBC pipet, in aspirate blood hanggang 1 mark , lalagay niyo naman dito 1 mark
instead of .5
 Sos 101-1 over 0.5 so the dilution you have created is 200 , 1 is to 200. You will use this in you
computation for your dilution factor. Okay the dilltuion created is 1 is to 200
 Pag si medtech inaspirate ito hanggang1 mark ilalagay mo ditto 1 so the dilution is 1 is to 100
 So maiiba ang dilltuion. Kapag niasipirate sa .1 ialalagay mo ditto .1 so dilution isa 1 is to 1000
okay. Ganun lang kasimple yung pagdating sa pagcompute ng dullution factor natin o yung
dilution using the thoma pipet.
 Okay now, so. Ahm. what then is out step for the manual Rbc count.
 For manual RBC count , so gagawin muna ay magaspirate ka ng blood, you have to aspirate the
blood, using rubber tubing. So merong siyang rubber tubing na dati ginagawa naming mouth
pipetting so ang ginagawa nalang nag aattach tayo ng syringe ditto meron tayong laboratory
using that there is a syringe attch on the one end of our rubber tubing that will be our aspirator.
 You have to aspirate it up to .5 mark, .5 mark and then after aspirating it to .5 you aspirate the
diluting fluid ,so you will deep in the tip of the pipet, kumbaga parang straw noh. So parang
straw hihigupin ngayon ang diluting fluid.
 Now if you already watched the videos that I have placed again in moodle for you to appreciate
what is really how it is fully done, okay manually yung ating manual counting. Syempre pagka
dinip mo yung ating tube , dinip mo dun sa blood para mag aspirate ng blood, merong blood
that will cling on the outside portion of our stem of the pipet, may blood jan so you have to wipe
it off before you dip the tip of the pipet to the diluting fluid naman kasi there is a possibility that
if the blood is on the utside may nagcicling pang bloob jan or blood dun sa outside portion of the
stem and you didn’t clean it with gauze and cotton magiging contaminated yung diluting fluid
natin ng blood.
 Pwede din yun makakadagdag dun sa amount of blood that you will be aspirating or the amount
of blood you have use. Magkakaroon ng dagdag, pag nagkaroon ng dagdag tataas ang count ng
RBc.
 That’s why before you dip the tip of the pipet, so madali lang naman intindihin wipe it off first
with dry gauze or dry cotton,okay. Yun ang minsang pagkakamali ng medtech, they don’t clean
off the outside portion of the bulb magcocontaminate yung fluid, madadagdag yung blood
specimen,mdadagdagan kapag sumisip kana ng diluting fluid, kasama yun noh contaminated
kasi.
 We aspirate now, after we aspirate the bloob, aspirate the diluting fluid without bubbles,
without spaces because bubbles or spaces may cause false elevation or possibly false decrease,
okay, of the count
 So for like example you aspirate the blood, there is a space, so mayroong possibility na kulang
yung makuha mong blood specimen so bababa yung count mo.
 So the same also this one, we are aspirating now the diluting fluid and there are bubbles created
on the bulb so you don’t know what is happening there, possibility there is a decrease amount
of diluting fluid
 So if you have decrease amount of diluting fluid because of the spaces you have, or bubbles that
you have created while aspirating the dillluting fluid, so konti ang diluting fluid, okay so tataas
ang count mo, so tatas ang count, so there will be a false elevation.
 And then after that you have to charge your hemocytometer,okay. So our hemocytometer has a
space in between a cover slips?? So you can put a cover slips on top of that, then you charge
now yung ating hemocytometer.
 Kung napanuod niyo na yung ating lecture natin mayroong space yan ang gap ng ating
hemocytometer ay 0.1 mm. okay it is .1 by capillary action, so you charge your hemocytometer
by capillary action so papasok yung fluid inside the chamber.
 Yaan dapat yung fluid mo andito lang, ocuppied all only the area ng ating chamber. So hindi
dapat mag over flow yung ating fluid sa sides.
 Kapag nag over flow, o kaya kumakalat na, makalat na ganyan, nag oover flow siya so then over
charge. I mean you know the consequence of over charging, there will be an increase on your
count.
 So dapat hanggat maari kung saan lang yung boundary ng ating chamber hanggang dun lang
yung fluid natin
 I also posted a video here doon sa ating moddle niyo ulit, para maappreciate niyo kung
hanggang saan ba dapat mag charge ng, or hanggang san ang limit ng fluid na chinarge natin sa
hemocytometer, dapat hindi mag oover charge. Alam niyo na consequence, kapag over charge
tataas ang count. Kapag under charge naman hindi kumpleto yung pag chacharge , so obviously
under charge hemocytometer will decrease the charge. Okay so bababa naman.
 After you charge now your hemocytometer 6then get you microscope then locate the squares,
for RBC counting. Check the squares or grove ruled area of our hemocytometer, so maghahanap
kayto ngayon ng gagamitin ng square at pagka tiningnan sa microscope ganito makikita natin
 Ito yung RBC square, this is the rbc square. 25 yan diba, 25 medium square, lima lang gagamitin
niyo. Yung 4 corners tsaka yung middle.
 Kaya all in all ilang small squares , kasi may mga small square pa yan, that will be around 5 times
16, so 5 times 16 that will be 80 squares. So 80 small squares ang bibilangan niyo sa isang
chamber. Yan dibaa.
 Pero ang gagamitin natin. Now andun tayo talaga sa school, meron kayo practical exams kung
paano mag aspirate ng blood, paano mag aspirate ng diluting fluid, pano mag charge sa
hemocytometer. Gagradean dapat kasi yon kaya lang wala tayong choice, di talaga natin
magagawa.
 Now sa (*toot ) 20:28 ito, nakafocus tayo sa low power objective ito. Okya, low power objective.
Okay now, in acvtually count it pwede nga kayo magbilang jan, kapag nagmamadali yung
medtech, di na nila finofocus sa high power eh. Kita naman daw pero to make it more accutrate
counting you have to focus this under high power objective, so kapg high power ganito dapat
possible na makikita natin. But yan, yung ang mga red blood cells, bibilangan natin lahat yan
 Whenever we are counting our cells on our counting our red sells dun sa mga squares natin as
you can see there are three border lines, for each medium squares, meron tayong 3 lines, ung
naka border niya.
 Now for counting the cell if the cell is already touching the middle line or the 3 rd line of this
border the y and the bottom border lahat kapag dumikit sa circular field line, dito sa outside, sa
labas palabas. Either tska sa labas, kapag dumikit na doon kahit saan doon yung RBC so di na
kasama sa count, naiintindihan ba? Hindi mon a isasama sa counting yun
 So ano isasama sa count , lahat ng cell na nagtouch sa linya ditto, sa upper border at sa left
border, basta kahit na , basta anjan pa sila pumasok pa sila, you will still include that in your
count. Include niyo siya, include niyo pa din yun.
 For example pag datring sa practical exam ninyo, magpapakita ako ng pictures, kunware ito noh,
bilangin niyo kung ilang RBC ang iin
 Clude niyo ditto sa square na ito, oo sa square nayan dito sa square.
 So now ano bilang natin, okay ditop sa square na to noh, ilan bilang niyo sa square na ton dito sa
corner na to. So this will be included, 1 may rbc parin to 2,3,4,okay ,5 so pwede mo isama yun,
now 5,6,7 so 7 sagot mo possible 7 eh pano to may dalawa pa ditto. Now meron namang rule
ditto, kapag dumikit na ang RBC sa inverted L you will include those cell in the next square kaya
 ito ditto sa baba naman. Iinclude niyo yan sa kabilang square, so ito tinatawag natin na inverted
L rule borders
 So sa mga malilioit na square meropn tayong ifafollow na rule, basta dumikit jan isasama mo
siya sa kabilang square, okay naiintindihan ba kapag naman sa malaking border naman, border L
sa buong medium square , ito yung Malaki diba, lahat ng dumikit na RBC sa middle at third l;ine,
yun naman di kasmaa pero yung mga RBC na dumikit dun sa first line kasama pa lahat yung RBC
dun. Naiintindihan ba. Our rule na inaapply natin par medyo accurate yung counting n ating cell.
 Kunware ito naman ang pinapabilang ko sa inyo, itong square na to noh so ilang RBC ang
iiinclude mo ditto sa square nati that will be, 1,2,3,4,5 okay so 5.
 Paano pagka ito naman, so ilang RBC ang include mo jan so ito, 1,2,3,4 etong isa okay tong isnag
RBC sana nakikita niyo itong isang to so hindi siya kasama sa square na to, you will include this
RBC here on this square, so sagot niyo sakin pag tinanong ko ilang RBC ang dapat bilang niyo jan
so sagot niyo 4. Kelngan apat RBC.
 Eto saan mo isasama to, ditto sa baba. Kasi inverted L rule.Hindi kasama yun. Maliwanag ba?
 Okay ang pagka itong sa left, sa left pagsa left lahat kasama okay kunware ito noh, saan ba yon
basta dumikit ka ditto sa tatlon gline na to yan, so pwede niyo pa isama yun, basta dumikit jan,
oaky ito isama mo pa ba to? Yes isama ya, kasma yan kasamayan kasamma to, kasama to basta
dumikit sa border line nay un kahit saan jan, ito kasma ato kasama ko kasama pa to, ang hindi
kasama yung second line and third line middle line and third line ditto sa right tsaka bottom
border.okay
 Maliwanag ba? Ngayon mayroong mga textbook ganito naman no hang sinasabi sa rodac tsaka
yung ibang libro. Mayroong ibang libro ang sabi ang hindi kasama ay yung andito, yung sa taas at
tsaka sa left.
 Okay pero lahat naman ng RBC na dumikit sa right at bottom kasama, baliktad naman. Pero we
have to stick dun sa Roda at ibang libro. Kasi yung ibang libro ay di nagagamit yun. Basta ang
ifafollow natin yung inverted L kasi to inverted L naman yun. Inverted L
 Basta the right border then bottom border ang isasama lang ditto sa right and sa babang border
ay yung first line. Yung dumikit lang dito. Kapag dumikit na siya, kunware dumikit sa first line
second line yung RBC , dumikit na siya sa second line di siya kasama kahit nakadikit siya sa first
line, basta dumikit na sa middle and third ***Tooot*** 28:25
 Now ano yung include natin yung bilog na bilog lang ban a RBC so hindi noh. Minsan kasi nag
didistort ang appearance ng red cells sometimes you will that thered cells are little bit cremated
maybe because of exposure to ABPA maybe kulang yung blood noh or kaya medyo lapse na
yung age ng specimen medyo paexpire na minsan nagkakaroon ng distortion doon sa ating red
cells.
 So include mob a yung distorted na red cells , yes you have to include that if you think that it is a
red blood cells. You have to include kahit di na bilog na bilog basta RBC siya we have to include,
all of those RBC in your Count.
 So in our lecture I have mention to you you have to follow a zigzag pattern
 Follow a zigzag pattern whenever you are counting your cells. Ano gagawin mo bibilang ka dito
sa first square, tapos ganu ulit, bilang ka uli jan, bilang ka uli rito ditto tsak doon.
 You will get the total number of the rbc you have counted, though get get the average, don’t
divide it by 5, magkakamali kayo dun sa computation noh, you will just get the average if you
have counted both chambers.
 Get the average ng dalawang chambers. I have mention in the lecture that the difference
between the chambers you have counting should not be more than 25 cells ang difference nila
 So kunware ang isang chamber the total counted RBC is 450 dapat ang acceptable range lang
dun nsa kabilang chamber kung bibilangin mo ay maglalaro lang between 425 to 475 kasi 25
cells or less ang difference dapat. Kapag more than 25 cell s you have to repeat again you have
to recharge your hemocytometer and then you do count again. That is how you count mamaya
ang ipapractice ninyo ay kung papaano bibilang kayo ng RBC, proper way of counting the blood
cells by looking it under the microscope. So im given you some nakafocus na squares nayan,
magbibilnag kayo.
 Noqw kunware nabilang mon a paano ngayon computation natin ng RBC, so ang computation
natin. The RBC count will be this, average cell counted. So average cell counted times dilution
factor. Our dilution factor if it is routine that is automatically 200, because you aspirate the
blood .5, then the death factor is constant it is 10, okay coming from a formula which is 1
divided by .1 that will be 10. Constant nay an
 Bakit point 1 ulit kasi point 1 is the death on .1 mm is the death of our hemocytometer. Dun
galling yun 10 na yun, wag na kayong mamroblema sa death factor 10 na yan, laging 10.
 If area factor dahil gumamit tayo ng 5, this 25 so lalagay mo ditto 25 divided by 5. Kapag routine
5
 5 lang naman lagging ginagamit pero kapag sinipag ka, sinipag ka binilangan mo lahat ng yun 25
crucial square sumobra ka namangnaming non, dami daming rbc Lima nga lang pinapagamit
satin.. pero kapag sinipag ka edi lagay m,o ditto 25 pero ang are factor mo 1 hindi 5 pero pgaka
sa exams niyo sinabi ko lang na ganito noh, the medtech counted the rbc in the first chamber
450 the second chamber 475 compute for the rbc count so cocompute na kayo.
 So automatic in your mind that the medtech did everything in routine way, whjat is routine, 200
ang dilution tapos ang area factor automatically is 5. So yung ang mga routine kaya pagkaroutine
ang ginawa 200 x 10 x 5 ang shortcut niyan ay 10000.
 10000 ang shortcut niyan diba. So the average will be 450 +475 get the total divided by 2. You
will come up with the ave 462.5. kung tamo computation ko noh, 462.5 you will multiply dilution
factor 299 x death factor 10 x area factor 5.
 Okay now doon sa video coming from a youtube I have posted in you modle, there are diff ways
how they represented how to calculate the RBC count, different way pero the same thing lang
din yun. Wag niyo na pansinin yun, ito lang nuhin niya baka mailto pa kayo. They are just
presenting it in the different way. Pero ganun din dilution factor x death factor x area factor.
Naiintindihan ba?
 Wag niyo na isipin kasi iba yung pag kakapresent dun sa isa eh sa video yung are factor nasa
baba nakalagya dun sa kabilang video average counted x diluted factor x death factor divided by
area factor. Pero divided by area factor , divided by area factor, sabi nya andito are factor. Kaya
 lang ara factor niya 1 over 5 edi ganun din yun kapag tinranslate mo yan 5 din. Diba ganun yan
magiging 5 eh.
 Kaya ang nakalaga jan ave counted x dilution factor x death factor divided by 1/5 diba ganun din
kaya wag niyo na pansinin masyado yun. Pinapakita lang natin dun sa video para maappreciate
lang natin na ganun pala kapag aspirate ginagawa ah ganun pala kapag dilute, ah ganun pala
kapag charge
 Kaya pagka nagging intern na kayo maaring d natin to magawa sa school at natiyempo na okay
na lahat sa internship na kayo, okay at inutusang kayo ng staff na mag manual kasi nasira yung
machine niyo kahit paapaano you meron kayong idea how to do it. Unfortunately the skills will
not be hard you will not be ano noh yung skills ninyo. Parang pagdating internship niyo first
time niyo mgagawa yun, mangangaa na naman unlike if it is we already done this in the lab.
Yung laboratory skills medtect tayo, laboratory talaga ano natin. Eh yun nga problema di natin
magagawa.
 So anyway pakipanuod nung mga videos para alam ninyo kung paano mag aspirate properly and
paano magcharge properly, cceptable charging ng ating hemocytometer.
 After ou have substituted all of the data then you will see here nohcinompute natin ang lalabas
ay 4625 000 RBC per cubic mm or u can convert it to micro litter almost the same ang cubic mm
sa microlitter .
 The only difference nila ay 0.0003. yan ang difference nila kaya pwede nan oh, di na masyadong,
di na masyadong nakakaeaffect yung difference nila kya pede niyo na sabihin na 4.625 x 10^6
mm. This is conventional way of reporting.Cubic mm or microliter. Lalo na kung cubic ml yan ang
unit natin. So ibig sabihin per cubic ml of your blood, or your fluid meron kang 4million RBC. So
per cubic ml lang merong ka nang red cells, Napaka damina nun.
 Okay now
 Ah pwede mo nang lagay dun kung ayaw mo ng cubic mm, micro litter pwede. How about when
I asked you to report it in SI unit. Kapag SI per litter ang conversion natin ay 10 to the 6. 6+ 6 that
will be 12. Yun lang, ganun lang kasimple. So instead times 10 to the six microliter x 10 to the 12
per litter. This is based on SI units, standard international unit, so sometime the board exams
they will ask you to convert standard international unit, for SI units should be in litters. Our
conversion factor is isa lang naman tims 10 to the 6 ang conversion antin. Maliwaanag ba yon,
this is our result, you can report it now the RBC of the patint is 4.625 times 10 to the 12 per
litter. Yan ang reporting natin. Maliwanag bay an ang For rbc count.
 Okay now lets us go to retic count, ito ang gagawin ninyo magreretic count kayo meron akong
mga finocus na, nakafocus na retics sa screen.So ready natin relative retic count yun absolute di
masyado ginagawa sa lab relative lang gagawin natin
 Relative count will be the formula is IBm, # of retics counted or 10 fields or *toot* 40:07 times
100 divided by 1000 rbc observe.
 Kaya nakalagay ditto every in every 1000 red blood cells so ilan ang retics mo for 1000 RBC sa
isang specimen na sinubmit sa lab. That’s why our relative count will be reported in percent.
 The reference value of addedretic count may vary between .5 to 1.5 % of the *toot* 40:44
 On the roda textbook reached 2% for the adult or 1.8% sa ibang libro
 Pagdating namna sa bata , our reference value medyo mataas (36%???) lalo nay ung mga new
born mataas ang kanilang retics count, relative, kaya pag magrereport kasi ng relative retic
count nirequest ni doctor, in percent ang reporting ninyo. Di niyo gagamitin x10 to the 9 per
litter etc. so in percent if it is relative retic count. Percent ha
 Bago natin magawa yung retics counting we…..(nawala audio 41:43) using our supervitat stain,
examles of super vital stain that we can use is new methaline blue or brilliant chuchu .
reticulocyte is color blue sa ethaline blue syempre color blue. Sa brilliant chuchu blue may vary
between blue to purple kulay ng inclusions ng retics kapag bcb ang ginagamit natin
 That is the stain we use. What is the significance why the doctors request a report of relative
retics counts, that is to assess the formal efficiency for example the patient has an anemia, 25
may anemia naginvestigate ang doctor ano kayang nangyari ditto bkit biglang nagkaanemia, mag
paparerequest ng anemia..
 Pag nagreport ang laboratory mabababa ang retic count ng pasyante despite may anemia siya
mababa ibig sabihin possibly the bone marrow cannot correct anymore the anemia food
patient. Possibly, probably the bone marrow is falling, nagfafail na ang bone marrow.
 That is the useof the retics para malaman ang doctor kung efficient pa baa ng bone marrow
nakakacoorect ng anemia or di na niya kaya makacorrect ng anemia. So pagkaganon maaaring
nagfafail yung bone marrow baka may applasic anemia nato noh.
 Pero magpapabone marrow sample, kukuha kana ng bone marrow para maassess na kung
nagfafail na ba o hindi. So that is clinical use of retics count to check the efficiency of bone
marrow production of red blood cells kaya nga retic eh. Another way is to classify anemia, we
can classify if it is homolitic or non hebolitic, I have mention this to our previous discussion,
kapag homolitic anemia mataas ang retics, may anemia ka pero mataas retics mo that is
considered as homolitic anemia.
 But if you have anemia ang your retics count reported mababa so possibility youhave non
homolitic type of anemia those are the clinical use of the retics. So how do we do this,
 paano natin ginagawang retics count madali lang, maghahalo ka lang blood tsaka ng stain. New
methaline blue or brilliant achuchu blue.
 So equal amount kung 2 drops, 2 drops ng blood, 2 drops din ng stain. Kung 3 3 kung 1 1 , basta
equal amount ng blood tsaka ng stain. Syempre kung nagtitipid lab mo, pwede na one drop.
 There are various ways may encounter in a hospital, meron silang iba ibang way na ginagawa ,
other is staining our blood with achuchuchuc 45:12
 Meron pa kong nakita sa isang hospital sa capillary tube edi doon ilalagay ang boold kalahati ng
capillary tube my blood 45:34
 Dun ipapasokyung stain within the capillary tube dadadan ang stain at blood. Gnaito na lang
gawin natin parehas lang tube, kuha ka ng tube, one drop ng ABPA at one drop ng stain for 10-
15 mins this is to allow the infusion of the stain inside a living cell para mastain ang retics
remands kasi yung ang gusto nating Makita under the microscope para mastain sila.
 After staining it you can now (toot) 46:26
 We already discuss how to prepare wedge milk properly, then after that you will now looking
under all immersion objective not in high power or low pwer objective. Ang gagamitin natin all
immersion objective, 10 immersion objective.
 So that wecan see the inclusions of the retics, so how many filed ulit ang ggamitin natin for
counting our retics. 10 fields. (46:46)