Exp 07:

Asrafuzzaman Microstructure Study of

Lecturer, Department of MSE, Hypoeutectoid Rolled
RUET, Rajshahi.
Steel
 Cold Worked Structures

• Metals are usually cast and then machined or

mechanically worked into the final shape.

• During mechanical working the metal grains are

deformed.

• If the working temperature is above the recrystallization

temperature then the deformed grains recrystallize to
give more or less strain free objects.

• If the working temperature is less than the

recrystallization temperature, the deformed grains persist
in the object.
 (a) (b)

Contrast in Grain Structure in (a) Hot Rolling and (b) Cold Rolling
 Changes in Cold Worked Structures

• When metals are heated to temperatures less than the

recrystallization temperature, a reduction of the internal stress takes
place.

• The residual stresses in the lattice planes are relieved. Often a

decrease in hardness is noted. However, the distorted grains are not
reformed and there is little or no visible change in the microstructure
.

• When the deformed metal is heated to a higher temperature the

grains are reformed or recrystallized.

• Recrystallization (a process by which distorted grains of a cold-

worked metal are replaced by new, strain-free grains during heating
above a minimum specific temperature) begins with the formation of
the new grains.

• The reduction in free energy stored in the material is the driving

force for the process.
 Changes in Cold Worked Structures

• The extent of grain growth is largely dependent on the heating

temperature, the duration of heating, the degree of previous cold
work and the alloying elements.

• A minimum amount of cold deformation is required before any

recrystallization can take place.

• Recrystallization starts at the most severely deformed regions

• Heavy deformation leads to the formation of a large number of

regions of high energy within the crystals.

• This gives rise to the formation of a large number of nuclei on

recrystallization and consequently the grain size will be small.

• Light deformation, on the other hand, gives rise to few nuclei and the
resulting grain size is large.
Hypoeutectoid rolled steel
Thank You!