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Land Use / Land Cover Change Detection in Doon Valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS& Remote Sensing Technique
Land Use / Land Cover Change Detection in Doon Valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS& Remote Sensing Technique
Volume 2, No 1, 2011
© Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 – 4380
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun
Tehsil), Uttarakhand: using GIS& Remote Sensing Technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh 2
1 Research Associate, Central Soil & Water Conservation (CSWC&RTI) of India, Dun
2 D.Phil Research Scholar, Dpt. of Geography, HNBGU, JRF, FSI, Dehradun, India
ecnhas@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Land use and land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of
the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to be able to simulate
changes. The study has been done through remote sensing approach using SOI map of
Dehradun Valley. The aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 2000 to
2009 using satellite images of Landsat (ETM + , TM, MSS), LISSIII, SRTM and digital
SOI topographic maps have been used. The aim of this study is to produce a land use/
land cover map of Dehradun valley at two epochs in order to detect the changes that have
taken place particularly in the builtup land and forest areas. Landuse changes have been
detected by image processing method in EDRAS imagine9.3, ArcGIS9.3. Finally to
predict the changes in urban habitants and landuse/landcover changes occurred.
Monitoring of landuse/landcover changes which would help to plan development
activities such as major schemes and their land requirements. The nine year time period
of 2000 2009 shows the major type of land use change. Forest area is decreased 3.75 %
and water (seasonal) decreased 9.5%. Most remarkable change has taken place in Built
up area resulting in 112.4% growth in less than a decade period.
Keywords: Landuse, Landcover, Change Detection, GIS& Remote Sensing
1. Introduction
Land use and land cover change has become a central component in current strategies for
managing natural resources and monitoring environmental change. The rapid
development of the concept of vegetation mapping has lead to increased studies of land
use and land cover change worldwide. Although the terms ‘Land Use’ and ‘Land Cover’
are often used interchangeably, their actual meanings are quite distinct. ‘Land Use’ refers
to human activities that take place on the earth’s surface. (How the land is being used;
such as residential housing or agricultural cropping.) ‘Land Cover’ refers to the natural
or manmade physical properties of the land surface.
During the past millennium, humans have taken an increasingly large role in the
modification of the global environment. With increasing numbers and developing
technologies, man has emerged as the major, most powerful, and universal instrument of
environmental change in the biosphere today. Both globally and in India, land cover
today is altered primarily by direct human use (Meyer, 1995). Any conception of global
Submitted on July 2011 published on September 2011 34
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
change must include the pervasive influence of human action on land surface conditions
and processes. The growing demand for new agricultural land is generally met from
nearby resources such as forest areas/scrub dominated areas. Such practices can be
minimized by land use intensification, (by growing rabi, kharif and zaid crops) thereby
satisfying a greater demand for more land requirement for agriculture.
2. The Study Area
The Doon Valley is a longitudinal topographic depression situated in the foothills of
Lesser Himalaya of Uttarakhand. Doon valley covers 85.7% area of Dehradun Tehsil of
Dehradun district. Considering the comparison requirements whole tehsil has been
mapped. The Valley is believed to have been formed due to folding of Siwalik sediments
of Upper Tertiary age. It is bounded in the north by the Main Boundary Fault or Krol
Thrust. To the south the Siwaliks abut against Gangetic alluvial plains. (Rao, 1977).
Doon valley has a rich vegetation cover. Although the major portion of Doon is occupied
by the Sal (shorea robusta) but miscellaneous forests are also found here. The hydro
geological and meteorological conditions (231.5 cm. annual average rainfalls) of the
valley are responsible for the condition for the different types of forest cover.
Figure 1: Location Map of Study Area
International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 35
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
A presence of large proportion of clay soil and better drainage act as favourable
conditions for the growth of Sal trees. One can easily visualize Doon valley as it must
have been in past, covered by dense forests interspersed within swampy grasslands, a
situation that must have prevailed several centuries ago (Palanidurai, K.V., 1992). Land
use of the valley is dominated by forest and cultivated area as they respectively cover
about 66.13% and 17.12% of the total area. During parst independence era, urbanization
in the valley has become most powerful agent of transformation. As per census 2001,
urban population of Dehradun Tehsil reached 58.1% of total population and this urban
population account for 31.0% of the total urban population of Uttarakhand state. After
creation of Uttarakhand state in 2002, Dehradun city became state capital which ushered
the era of rapid expansion in Built up area beyond municipal limits. There has been
massive expansion in construction activities for industries, institutional infrastructure and
residential colonies.
Figure 2: Relief and Slope Categories of the Dehradoon Valley & Dehradun Tehsil
Table .1 Reliefs and Slope Condition of Dehradoon Valley
Physiographical Height in Meters Percent % Slope in Degrees Percent %
Division
Doon Below 500 26.16 Below 5 53.71
Valley 500600 22.88 510 17.17
600700 19.58 1020 13.32
7001000 17.06 2035 11.21
Dehradun Tehsil 10001500 7.58 3550 3.47
Above1500 6.72 Above 50 1.12
Note: Northern boundry of Doon valley is delimited by 1000 m contour.
3. Objectives
International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 36
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
The basic objectives of the study involved to produce a land use/ land cover map of Doon
Valley at two different part of time in order to detect the changes that have taken place
particularly in the builtup land and forest areas.
1. Creation of Land Use / Land Cover Map
2. To analyze the nature, location and magnitude of change within the land use
classes for the period 2000 to 2009.
4. Methodology
Methodology is a sequence of activities that starts with the decision making, problem
recognition and ends with recommendation. The procedure adopted in the current work
forms the basis for deriving statistics of land use dynamics and subsequently in the
overall, the findings. A flow chart has been provided for easy and better understanding of
the procedure adopted.
Figure 3: Methodology of research
5. Result and Discussion
Based on a brief reconnaissance survey with additional information from previous
research in the study area, a classification scheme was developed for the study area after
Anderson et al (1967). The classification scheme developed gives a rather broad
classification where the land use / land cover was identified by a single digit. The
classification scheme given below is a modification of Anderson’s in 1967 and the same
International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 37
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
was used in the current study. Premised on the objective of this study, Land Use/Cover
over the study area has been analyzed for the time periods of 20002009. The results are
presented in form of maps, charts and statistical tables as given below Table.2 & Figure 4.
Table 2: Landuse / Land Cover Classification (20002009)
Figure 4: Landuse \Landcover Dehradoon valley & Dehradun Tehsil (20002009)
5.1 Land Use/Cover Changes Analysis of 20002009
International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 38
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
The multitemporal satellite datasets used in the current study yielded the following
comparisons with respect to land use / land cover change. From the current study it is
evident that there is considerable decrease in the in forest cover for the period of 2000 to
2009. Barren/Scrub and Builtup class is showing an increasing trend and thereby
resulting to the inference that the population pressure is playing a very active role
towards diminishing forest cover. This is very much evident from the Table.3 and
Figure.5 depicting the overall trend in the land use / land covers change for the period
2000 – 2009.
Table 3: Area under Different Land Use/Land Cover Categories Changes 20002009
Figure 5: Landuse\Landcover Changes in Doon Valley for the Year 20002009
Table 4: Land Use/Land Cover Changes Value for the year (20002009)
International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 39
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
6. Conclusion
Land is main natural resource for life support system. The land and landcover changes
are equally important elements of the larger problem of global and regional
environmental changes. Remote sensing technology and satellite data are very helpful for
the detection of changes in landuse \landcover between 20002009.The increasing urban
population pressures is putting tremendous pressure on the land use & landcover of Doon
valley. The expansion of agriculture land can also be attributed to increasing demand to
feed the growing population. The decline in the area of the scrub land is due its
conversion to arable land. The increase in the built up area is because of increasing
demand for institutional and residential space for capital level establishments. Beside
urban population of the valley has grown 3.4 fold during four decades (19612001) and is
causing immense pressure for Built up area. The water body(seasonal streams) has shown
little change area due to encroachment slum dwellers and land developers.
Acknowledgement
Author express thanks to Mr. Prabir De and Dr. Harnam Singh, SCIENCE, have
contributed immense support and encouragement in bringing out the technical guidelines,
data issuing and supervision for the project work in SCIENCE lab. Special appreciation
and thanks to Prof. M. Imtiyaz, (Allahabad Agricultural InstituteDeemed University) for
their support and valuable supervision. Authors are thankful to Prof. Kamlesh Kumar
(Rtd.), HNBGU, Srinagar for his suggestion and necessary improvement at the final stage
of this paper.
References
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Period of 1990 2009 Using Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques for Doon
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International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 40
Volume 2 Issue 1, 2011
Land Use / Land cover change detection in Doon valley (Dehradun Tehsil), Uttarakhand: Using GIS&
Remote Sensing technique
Tiwari Kuldeep 1 , Khanduri Kamlesh
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