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Inorganic Memory Chart PDF
Inorganic Memory Chart PDF
Inorganic Memory Chart PDF
2. Water (H2O)
Physical Properties of H2O and D2O
Property H2 O D2O
–1
Molecular mass (g mol ) 18.0151 20.0276
Melting point / K 273.0 276.8
Boiling point / K 373.0 374.4
–1
Enthalpy of formation / kJ mol –285.9 –294.6
–1
Enthalpy of vaporization (373K) / kJ mol 40.66 41.61
–1
Enthalpy of fusion / kJ mol 6.01 -
Temp of max. density / K 276.98 284.2
Density (298K)/g cm–3 1.0000 1.1059
Viscosity / centipoise 0.8903 1.107
2 2
Dielectric constant / C /N.m 78.39 78.06
–1 –1 –8
Electrical conductivity (293 K /ohm cm ) 5.7 × 10 -
Density (solid at 268.e5K)/g cm–3 1.64 Electrical conductivity (298K) / Ω 1cm 1 5.1 × 10–8
Properties IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) II B (Zn, Cd, Hg)
3.
Oxidation state +2 +2, mercury also forms dimeric Hg 22
BeO is amphoteric, other oxides are basic ZnO is amphoteric, CdO and HgO are
Nature of oxide
4. basic
Basic nature is in order.
MgO < CaO < SrO < BaO < RaO
Nature of halides Electron-deficient BeX2 covalent, others (MX2) are ZnCl2 , CdCl2 are ionic but less than
5. IIA; HgCl2 is covalent.
Ionic : MgCl2 < CaCl2 < SrCl2 < BaCl2
6. Nature of sulphates Less soluble in water and solubility decreases down more soluble than IIA
the group BeSO4 > MgSO 4 > CaSO4 > SrSO4 > Solubility of hydroxides decreases as
BaSO4 we move down the group.
7. Nature of hydroxides
Solubility of hydroxides increases as we move down ZnS, CdS, HgS insoluble and
the group precipitate in salt analysis.
BORON :
- B exist in many allotropic forms
- All allotropes have B12 icosahedra units made up of polyhedron having 20 faces and 12 corners.
- Simplest form : - Rhombohedral
Diborane
10. Borax :
Preparation :
2CaO.3B2 O3 2Na 2 CO3
2CaCO3 Na 2 B4 O7 2NaBO2
Filtered concentrated
Na 2 B4 O7 NaBO 2
Na 2 B4 O7 .10H 2 O NaBO 2
Reaction :
2H
(a) 2B(OH)3 2[B(OH)4 ] 2B(OH)3 H 2 O
Na 2 B4 O7 5H 2 O
(b) Na 2 B4 O7 .10H 2 O Na 2 B4 O7 NaBO2 B2 O3
12. AlCl3 :
- Colourless crystalline solid ; - Soluble in water
Structure :
In Gas phase : (C . N = 4) : Exist as dimer
- Both Al are sp3 hybridized ; - 2 (3c – 4e– ) Al – Cl – Al bond
- 4 (2c – 2e– ) Al – Cl bond
- Bridge bond is longer than terminal bond
In aq. Phase, it exist as [Al(H 2 O)6 ]3 (C.N = 6)
In solid state, at low temp, AlCl3 exist as closed packed lattice of Cl– with Al3+ Occupying Octahedral
lattice (C.N = 6)
CARBON :
Allotropes : Graphite, Diamond, Fullerene
15. Silicon :
- 2nd most abundant element on Earth crust
- does not occurs in free state
- Occur widely in form of Silica and Silicates
Classification of Silicate
Gen Formula No. of Example
Shared ‘O’
Double chain silicate (Amphiboles) (Si4 O11 )n 6n 2.5 Ca 2 Mg 5 (Si 4 O11 )2 (OH)2
4 x
Note : General formula : SiO x
4
2
(Hence x is no of shared oxygen)
20. Oxide
Oxides Structure Physical state Colour
N2O Gas Colourless
NO Gas Colourless
N2O4 Colourless
Decomposition Behaviour
500 900C
N 2 O
2N 2 O2
800C
2NO
N 2 O2
Room Temp.
N 2 O3
NO 2 NO
620C
2NO2
2NO O 2
11C
N 2 O4
2NO O 2
30C 40C 1
N 2 O5 N 2 O5 2NO2 O2
Colourless Yellow 2
Solid Liquid
NO Neutral Solution -
24. NH3
25. Phosphorous
- Allotropes
(a) White or yellow Phosphorous (P4) (tetrahedral structure)
(b) Red Phosphorous (linear chain)
(c) Black Phosphorous (Sheet structure)
Discrete tetrahedral P4 molecules Polymeric structure consisting of Exists in two forms -black P
chains of P4 units linked together and -black P
Inter-conversion
Preparation (P4)
1200C
(i) Bone ash : Ca 3 (PO4 )2 3SiO2
CaSiO3 P2 O5
2P2 O5 10 C
P4 10CO
Coke (White P)
30. Oxygen
Allotropes : O2 and O3
Liquid O2 :Pale blue
Solid O2 :Blue
33. H2O2
34. Sulphur
- Allotropes : Rhombic or Sulphur
95.5C
Monoclinic or - sulphur
S()
S()
- sulphur
At 369 K both forms are stable. It is called transition temperature. Both of them have S8 molecules.
The ring is puckered and has a crown shape. Another allotrope of sulphur - cyclo S6 ring adopts a chair form.
S2 is formed at high temperature ( 1000 K). It is paramagnetic because of 2 unpaired electrons present in anti
bonding II* orbital like O2 .
- Amorphous forms : Plastic sulphur
Colloidal sulphur
VMC | Inorganic Chemistry 16 Memory Chart
VIDYAMANDIR CLASSES
2P 5X 2
2PX5 For F, CI, Br
With S
2S X 2
S2 X 2
Cl, Br
S 2Cl 2
SCl4
S 3F2
SF6
With H2 S
H 2S X 2
2HX S
All the halogens oxidise H 2S S2 to S
With SO2
SO 2 X 2
SO2 X 2 F and Cl
With NH3
F, Cl, Br
8NH3 3X 2
N 2 6NH 4 X
With halogens
X 2 X2
2XX Interhalogen compounds
40. Halogens
41. Oxides
a Cl2O Cl2 Na 2CO3 H 2O
Cl2O NaHCO3 NaCl
P4 O10
c Cl2O7
HClO 4
Cl2O7 H 2O
D Cl2O6 ClO2 O3
ClO3
dim er
[ClO 2 ] [ClO4 ]
Cl2O6
solid state
H O
ClO2
2 HClO HClO
3 Acidity order
H O
Cl2 O6
2 HClO HClO
3 4 Thermal Stability
H O
Cl2 O7
2 2HClO
4 Oxidising Power