BARBA, ANNIKA Y.

BSN 4
THIRD TRINAL ACTIVITY

II. Critical Thinking. Answer what is asked.

1.Define controlling. Give an example.
Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans
adopted, instructions issued and principles established. Controlling ensures that there is
effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the
planned goals. Controlling measures the deviation of actual performance from the
standard performance, discovers the causes of such deviations and helps in taking
corrective actions
According to Brech, “Controlling is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of
checking actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure
adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a contribution to
possible future needs.”
Example: An example is feedback control, it is when a
City Hospital uses feedback controls for things like customer satisfaction surveys,
accounting collection goals, gift shop sales goals and food sales goals. This is a focus
on outputs, or things the organization can get out of the planning to be sure the
objectives can be met.

2. Enumerate and briefly and explain the steps in controlling, Are they applicable
to all health care settings and every situation?
1. Establish and Specify Criteria and Performance Standards -these serve as the
criteria against which performance is measured and give an idea of the level of
performance that managers can expect of a person. Thus, standards act as a
lighthouse that warns & guides the ships at sea. Standards are the benchmarks towards
which efforts of entire organization are directed. It is applicable to health care settings
because in every, especially, hospitals, should have set standards to produce quality
health service to its clients.
2. Monitor and Measure Performance of Nursing Care Services and Evaluate it
against the Standards through Records, Reports and Observations. - Once the
standards have been determined, the next step is to measure the actual performance.
The various techniques for measuring are sample checking, performance reports,
personal observation etc. However, in order to facilitate easy comparison, the
performance should be measured on same basis that the standards have. This is
applicable also to all health care settings and every situation mainly because it is where
nursing rounds occur to pay attention to issues of patient care and nursing practice.
This will also satisfy needs and problems met or unmet. It also quality assurance comes
to monitors compliance with established standards and nursing audits consists of
BARBA, ANNIKA Y.
BSN 4
THIRD TRINAL ACTIVITY
documentation of the quality of nursing care in relation to the standards established by
the nursing department.
3. Compare Performance with Standards, Models, or Criteria to Determine
Deviations or Differences- This step involves comparing the actual performance with
standards laid down in order to find the deviations. This is applicable to all heath care
setting and in every situation because in nursing, we aim to be at our best self in
rendering health care service to the sick, through this step, comparing actual
performance with standards, it allows the person to see where he /she needs
improvement in his/her work performance and it if he/she is effective and efficient to
his/her job. Thus, making the person do better in his/her job.
4. . Enact Remedial Measures or Steps to Correct deviations or Errors- Some
deviations are possible in all the activities. However, the deviation in the important areas
of health care setting needs to be corrected more urgently as compared to deviation in
insignificant areas. Management should use critical point control and management by
exception in such areas. This is applicable because this is where analysis comes in to
determine steps in correcting the errors in heath care management.

5. Taking Corrective Action- The last step in the process of controlling involves taking
corrective action. If the deviations are within acceptable limits, no corrective measure is
required. However, if the deviations exceed acceptable limits, they should be
immediately brought to the notice of the management for taking corrective measures,
especially in the important areas.

3. How does a good control system affect employees as individuals and the
company as a whole?
A good management control system stimulates action by spotting
the significant variations from the original plan and highlighting them for the people who
can set things right. If all personnel always did what was best for the organization,
control — and even management — would not be needed. But, obviously individuals
are sometimes unable or unwilling to act in the organization’s best interest, and a set of
controls must be implemented to guard against undesirable behavior and to encourage
desirable actions. Thus, good or adequate management control can result to higher
performance of each employee and the outcome would be an organizational success.

4. What are the criteria for effective control?

1. Suitability – control removes the threat or mitigates (reduces) the residual risk to an
acceptable level.
2. Feasibility – Unit has the capability to implement control.
BARBA, ANNIKA Y.
BSN 4
THIRD TRINAL ACTIVITY
3. Acceptability- Benefit gained by implementing the control justifies the cost in
resources and time.
4. Explicitness- Clearly specifies who, what, where, when, why and how each control to
be used.
5. Support- Adequate personnel, equipment, supplies, and facilities necessary to
implement as suitable control are available.
6.Standards- Guidance and procedures for implementing a control are clear, practical
and specific.
7. Training – Knowledge and skills are adequate to implement control.
8. Leadership – Leaders are ready, willing, and able to enforce standards required to
implement control.
9. Individual – Individual personnel are sufficiently self-disciplined to implement control.

5. Why planning and controlling inseparable?

According to Billy Goetz, planning and controlling are two separate functions of
management, yet they are closely related. The scope of activities if both are overlapping
to each other. Without the basis of planning, controlling activities becomes baseless and
without controlling, planning becomes a meaningless exercise. In absence of
controlling, no purpose can be served by. Therefore, planning and controlling reinforce
each other.

6. In what way is performance appraisal a management control system?

Performance appraisal is a method of evaluating the behaviour of employees in the
work spot, normally including both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of job
performance. Just like in management control system, it indicates how well an individual
is fulfilling the job demands.

7. What are the kinds of formal control?

1. Pre-action Control This is controlling by means of personal supervision and utilizing
control checks consisting of procedures for any given task or function.
2. Post action Control This is controlling as the task or function is being performed or
may have been performed and correcting deviations from standards or plans
BARBA, ANNIKA Y.
BSN 4
THIRD TRINAL ACTIVITY
8. Give at least three issues in nursing management. How can we address those
issues using the nursing management process?
ISSUE 1: EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Nursing management process includes data gathering, planning, organizing, staffing,
directing, and controlling support the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation, and evaluation. In the issue of employee engagement. So we
need to gather first the data by paying pay attention to recognizing people for their good
work. Chief nursing officers or CNO need to be more visible and connect with that
bedside nurse. I think this generation of nurses is going to require that of CNOs. We're
going to have to make sure that we're [personally] engaging [nurses] by asking them to
serve on committees and having them get involved in a project that we're working on
instead of their manager or director asking them. I think it will be more meaningful from
the CNO, and I think we'd have better participation and engagement; that helps our
nurses become more autonomous and feel like they're part of the bigger team. It may
even inspire some of them into nursing leadership.
2.ISSUE 2: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY
We need to be paying attention to innovation in technology. There are a lot of creative,
innovative ways [to take] care of patients now. For example, there are glucometers that
transmit [patient] information to the electronic health record. Those are time-savers for
nurses. But if a hospital doesn't invest in a good system, it just creates more work for
nurses as far as double documentation and things of that nature. Some hospitals are
getting on that technology bandwagon, but some are not because of the price. They're
looking at the financial impact and the bottom line more than they're looking at
innovation."
3.  CULTURALLY AWARE PATIENT CARE
 
We need to pay close attention to people that speak other languages or are from other
cultures. I don't think in nursing we've done a good job of that over the years. Yes,
people do their computer-based learning to be culturally competent, but I think we've
gotten lax regarding how we interpret [the term] competent and how we train nurses to
provide that bedside care. Many hospitals have a language line, but you miss the
human connection. And the human connection is a huge part of caring. If we are able to
pay attention to society, and the different cultures that are out there and encourage
people of other cultures to get into nursing, then it's going to be a benefit to our whole
profession and to patient care."