Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation

TUTORIAL 1 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.2 Rules of Differentiation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

8.2 (a) Apply the rules of differentiation:
i. Basic Rule
ii. Sum Rule
iii. Product Rule
iv. Quotient Rule
v. Chain Rule

CONTENT

The Basic Rules of Differentiation

i) if f (x ) = k, then f ' ( x ) = 0 where k is a constant

ii) if f (x ) = x n , then f ' ( x ) = n x n −1

iii) if f (x ) = kxn , then f ' ( x ) = knxn −1

The Sum Rule of Differentiation

If u (x ) and v(x) are differentiable functions,

the derivative of f ( x) = u ( x) + v( x) is f ' ( x) = u ' ( x) + v' ( x) and
the derivative of f ( x) = u ( x) − v( x) is f ' ( x) = u ' ( x) − v' ( x)

The Product Rule of Differentiation

If u (x ) and v(x) are differentiable functions, the derivative of

f ( x) = u ( x) v( x)
is f ' ( x) = v( x)u ' ( x) + u ( x)v' ( x)
d
The Product Rule can be written as (uv) = vu' + uv' .
dx

The Quotient Rule of Differentiation

u ( x)
If u (x ) and v(x) are differentiable functions, the derivative of f ( x) = is
v( x)
v( x)u ' ( x ) − u ( x)v' ( x)
f ' ( x) = .
v(x )2
d  u  vu'−uv'
The Quotient Rule can be written as  = .
dx  v  v2

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Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
Example 1
Find f ' (x) for each of the following.
1
(a) f ( x) = 3 (b) f ( x) = 4 x 3
x
3x 3 − x
(c) f (x ) = x 5 + 3x 2 (d) f (x ) =
x
Example 2
By using product rule, differentiate each of the following functions
(a) f ( x) = 3x 2 (5 x + 2) (b) f ( x) = (3x 2 + 1)(5 + x 3 )

Example 3
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x.
1+ x x2 + 3
(a) f ( x) = 2 (b) f ( x) =
x +1 3x − 5

EXERCISE:

1 Differentiate each of the following with respect to x and give your answer in the
simplest form
1
(a) f ( x) = 5 x 2 + 1 (b) f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3 − x
x
(c) f ( x) =
2 x + 5x − 3
2
(d) f ( x ) =
(3x + 4)(2 x 2 − 1)
2x 2 x2

3. Differentiate each of the following functions by using product rule

(a) f ( x) = x 2 (3x − 1) (b) f ( x) = x (x + 2)
 1  1 
(c) f ( x) =  5 x −  2 x − − 3 
 2  x 

 2x + 1  2
4. Differentiate f ( x ) =  (x + 1) with respect to x. [PSE]
 x 
2
2
5. Differentiate 2
+ 3 x 3
− x with respect to x. [PSE]
3x
6. By using the quotient rule, compute the derivatives for the following functions.

(a) f ( x) =
x3 − 2
(b) f (x ) =
(1 + 2 x )(3x + 2)
x4 +1 5x − 4

2
Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 2 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.2 Rules of Differentiation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
8.2 (a) Apply the rules of differentiation:
i. Basic Rule
ii. Sum Rule
iii. Product Rule
iv. Quotient Rule
v. Chain Rule

CONTENT

The Chain Rule

The chain rule is a formula for computing the derivative of the composition of
two or more functions.

A function is sometimes expressed in terms of one variable expression.

For example,
If y = f (u ) is a differentiable function of u and u = g (x) is a differentiable
function of x, then y = f g (x) is a differentiable function of x and

dy dy du
= 
dx du dx

The General Power Rule of Differentiation

In general, any composite function of the form y =  f ( x) , involving some
n

function f (x ) raised to a rational power n, is called the General Power Rule,

and it is a special case of the Chain Rule.

Let y = un , where u = f (x) .

dy du
Then = nu n −1 , and = f ' ( x)
du dx
dy dy du
Using the Chain Rule, = 
dx du dx

So
dy
dx
 
= nu n−1 f ' ( x )

d
 f (x )n = n f (x )n−1 f ' (x )
dx

3
Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
Example 1
dy
if y = u − 3u + 1 and u = 2x + 1 .
3 2
Find
dx

Example 2
Differentiate the following with respect to x, by using the Chain Rule.
y = (3 x + 4 ) y = 3 6x − 1
3
(a) (b)

Example 3
Differentiate the following with respect to x, by using the Chain Rule.

( )
5
 1 7
(a) y = x −  (b) y= x + x2
 x

Example 4
Find the derivatives of the following with respect to x .
(a) (
f (x ) = x 5 + 1 )
3
(b) y = 4x2 + 3
(c) f ( x) = ( x − 1) 3 ( x + 2) 5 (d) f ( x) = x 3 1 − x 2

4
Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 3 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.2 Rules of Differentiation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
8.2 (a) Apply the rules of differentiation:
i. Basic Rule
ii. Sum Rule
iii. Product Rule
iv. Quotient Rule
v. Chain Rule

EXERCISE:
dy 1 − 3x
1. Find the value of at x = 1 if y= . [PSE]
dx x + x−3
2

3x + 1
2. Differentiate y = with respect to x . [PSE]
x−2

dy x2
3. Find for the y = . Give your answers in the most simplified form.
dx 3x + 5
[PSE]
4. Find the derivatives of the following with respect to x .
(a) (
f (x ) = 4 x 5 − 7 x 3 )
4
(b) f (x ) = 3 3x 2 − 1
(c) g ( x) = ( 1 + x )( 2 − x ) (d) (
g (x ) = x − x 2 + 1 )
4

5. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x.

(a) (
f (x) = x 2 + 2 (4x + 1))
4
(b) f (x) = (5x − 2) (1 − 4x)
3 5

(c) f ( x) =
(x + 1)3 (d) f ( x) =
(2 x + 1)
3

(2 x 2
+3 )
4
(x 2
)
−1
2

6. If y =
(2 x − 3)2 , find the values of x when
dy
= 0.
(4 + 3x )3 dx

dy 1
7. Find the value of at x = 1 if y = 2 x( − 3x 2 ) 2 . [PSE]
dx x

8. Differentiate f (x ) = (3x + 2)(x + 4)3 with respect to x. Give your answer in the
simplest form. [PSE]

10. Let f and g be functions such that f ( x) = x 2 g ( x 2 ) with g (1) = 2 and g ' (1) = 1. Find
f ' (1) . [PSE]

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Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 4 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.2 Rules of Differentiation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
8.2 (b) Perform second order differentiation.

CONTENT

Second order differentiation is the differentiation of the first derivative.

Notation for d  dy  d 2 y d2
y'' f ' ' ( x) = or  f ( x)
Second derivative dx  dx  dx 2 dx 2

Example 1
Determine the second order of the following functions with respect to x.
(a) (b)

Example 2
Find f ' ' ( x) for each of the following:

(
(a) f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 5 )
2
(b) f ( x) =
x2 + 5
x +1

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Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 5 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.3 Differentiation of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
(a) Find the differentiation of
(i) e x
(ii) e f ( x )
(iii) ln x
(iv) ln f (x )

EXERCISE:

xe3 x
1. Differentiate f (x ) = with respect to x. Give your answer in the simplest form.
x+3
[PSE]

2. Find
dy
dx
( )
for y = 2 x 2 − 3 e −4 x . Give your answers in the most simplified form.
[PSE]

Given y = ( Ax + B )e x . Find the constants A and B if y = 3 and

dy
3. = 5 when x = 0 .
dx
[PSE]

Differentiate y = (2x + 3) ln(4x + 5)with respect to x .

3
4. [PSE]

ln( x + 1) dy 1  1 ln( x + 1) 
5. Given y = , show that =  −  [PSE]
x dx x  x +1 2x 

dy  x2 +1 
6. Find for y = 3 x ln  . Give your answers in the most simplified form.
dx  5x + 2 
[PSE]

x2
7. By using the law of logarithm, differentiate e y = 1
with respect
(5 + x) ( x + 5 x + 1)
2 2

to x.

dy
8. Find when x = 0 for each of the following:
dx
e 2 x (2 x 3 + 1)
(a) (
y = ln x + x 2 + 1 ) (b) y=
x +1
[PSE]

9. (
Differentiate f (x ) = ln x 2 e x
2
−5 x +1
) with respect to x. [PSE]

7
Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 6 OF 7
TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION
SUBTOPIC : 8.4 Implicit Differentiations
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
(a) solve the first derivative implicitly.

Example 1
dy
Find in term of x and y if
dx
e y = ex e xy = 3 x
2
(a) (b)
(c) ln x 3 + ln y 3 = x (d) ln xy = e x + y

EXERCISE:

dy
1. Compute for each of the following.
dx
(a) y 2 + e xy = 2 (b) ln(xy) + 2 x 2 = 3 y
(c) y = e x + ln x − y 3 (d) xy2 − x 3 ln y + 5e y = 0

for ln(x 3 y 3 ) − 3 ye−2 x + 8 = 0.

dy
2. Compute
dx

3. If y 3 = 2 ln ( )
x y 3 for x  0 and y  0 , compute the value of
dy
dx
when y = 1 .

dy y (1 − x)
4. Given e x + y = xy . Show that =
dx x( y − 1)

dy
5. If y 3 = ln( x 3 y 2 ) for x > 0, y > 0, then find when y = 1. [PSE]
dx

dy
6. Given ln y = e xy , find . [PSE]
dx

dy
7. Find for 2 x 2 y + y 2 = 2e y by using implicit differentiation. [PSE]
dx

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Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation
TUTORIAL 7 OF 7

TOPIC : 8.0 DIFFERENTIATION

SUBTOPIC : 8.4 Implicit Differentiations

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to

(a) solve the first derivatives implicitly.

EXERCISE:

1. Let y 2 + x 2 = y 3 − 2 x for x  0 .
(a) If y = 1 , find the value of x .
dy dy
(b) Find . Hence, evaluate when y = 1 . [PSE]
dx dx

for the curve 3 y 2 + xy − 3x 2 = 1 at point (1, 1) .

dy
2. Evaluate [PSE]
dx

d 2x ex
3. If y = x + e , show that
x
+ =0. [PSE]
dy 2 (1 + e )x 3

B
4. Given y = Ax + , where A and B are constants and x  0 .
x2
dy d2y d2y dy
(a) Find and . Hence, show that x 2 + 2x − 2 y = 0 .
dx dx 2 dx 2 dx
(b) Find the values of A and B if y = 3 and y ' = −6 when x = 1 . [PSE]

B
5. Given y = Ax 2 + , where A and B are constants and x  0 .
x
dy d2y 2
3 d y dy
(a) Find and 2
. Hence, show that x 2
− x2 − 3B = 0
dx dx dx dx
dy
(b) Find the values of A and B if y = 3 and = 3 when x = 1 . [PSE]
dx

x2 d 2 y dy
6. If y = Ax 2 + Bx , show that 2
−x + y = 0. [PSE]
2 dx dx

−x
 2
2  d y dy 
 −x
7. If y = e ln x , show that x + + e (1 + x) = 0 . [PSE]
 dx 2 dx 
 

d2y dy
8. Let y = x(ln x) 2 , x > 0. Show that x 2 2 - x + y = 2x . [PSE]
dx dx

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Mathematics AM015 Topic 8: Differentiation

B d2y dy
9. Given y = Ax + − 2 ln x , show that x 2 2 + x − y = 2 ln x . [PSE]
x dx dx

10. Given y = Ax + Bxe x with A and B are constants.

(a) Show x 2 y − (x 2 + 2 x )y + (x + 2) y = 0 .
dy d2y
(b) Determine the values of A and B if = 0 and = 2 at x = 0 .
dx dx2
[PSE]

e x − e−x
2
 dy 
11. If y = , show that   = y 2 + 1. [PSE]
2  dx 

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