ABV INDIAN INSTITUTE OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT

Management Information System

Major Exam Online Mode

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Dr. Vinay Singh Oshin Malviya
2016IPG-066
Q1. In this pandemic covid-19 situation, discuss the importance of Information systems for hassle
free doorstep service of all necessary items require to individual sustenance.
Ans.
Ans. Data system, associate degree integrated set of parts for grouping, storing, and process
knowledge and for providing data, knowledge, and digital merchandise. Business corporations and
different organizations depend upon data systems to carry out and manage their operations, act
with their customers and suppliers, and vie inside the marketplace. data systems area unit wont to
run interorganizational provide chains and electronic markets. for example, companies use data
systems to method monetary accounts, to manage their human resources, and to attain their
potential customers with on-line promotions. several major firms area unit designed entirely
around data systems. These embody eBay, a mostly auction marketplace; Amazon, associate
degree increasing electronic mall and supplier of cloud computing services; Alibaba, a business-to-
business e-marketplace; and Google, a pursuit engine company that derives most of its revenue
from keyword advertising on web searches.

The main parts of information systems are

1. computer hardware and software,
2. telecommunications,
3. databases and data warehouses,
4. human resources, and procedures.
The hardware, software, and telecommunications represent data technology (IT), that is currently
deep-rooted within the operations and management of organizations.

Following are the advantages of information system

1. New Products and Services:- An IS can help in analyzing independent processes and
enables organized work activities. Apps like Arogya Setu is an initialization by the
government of India to detect the chances of having the virus in such a large population.

2. Information Storage:- The storing of knowledge manually involves plenty of your time
and money. a classy system stores the data within the database which simplifies the
method of finding the info easily. Arogya Setu app has the data of every user and marks
him/her if there is a possibility that the user might test positive or not. Every information
system contains data for better performance and history records. If you use net transaction
of money then the app also contains all the previous transactions as well. This provides
transparency and so there are less chances of getting into fraud.

3. Simplified decision making:- Business system, eases the method of higher cognitive
 process and simplifies the method of delivering the specified information and hence
assists in taking better decisions instantly. Since the government has started giving some
leash on public transportation. Through Arg]ogya Setu app, the decision making has
become quite easy, as to which passenger can travel or not. It's necessary for a passenger
to be marked safe from COVID-19.

4. Behavioral Change:- Information Systems work better because it stores documents and
files in folders which will be accessed and shared by the workers.
In this unpredictable situation, the world population should change their lifestyles. It's a
must now. And information systems can always help us in many different ways. Now,
people should focus on their health more and more. And practice social distancing. This
behavioral change is necessary for us to live as a species.

In this situation, where the world is fighting a virus and all the services are shut down, this
can be the best time for India to become digital. Yes, digitalization, using information systems
can help a lot in preventing the pandemic and stabilizing the economy that has suffered a lot.
Information systems can be used very effectively for social distancing.
For eg. Arogya Setu app, an initialization by the government of India, which can help the citizens
to detect if they need any kind of testing for COVID-19. The user should give correct data to the
app. Then the app marks you safe or not.
Also, in the lockdown households are suffering from daily necessities. And so, companies like
Swiggy which is a food delivery app has come forward to deliver groceries. And other online
shopping apps like Nykaa, Myntra also started giving delivery to only necessary products. For
low contact delivery these apps have also passed some guidelines like use of Arogya Setu app,
using face mask and gloves are must for the delivery man,etc. With that the flow of cash is also
taking place through e-banking, apps like google pay, Phonepe,etc. Therefore, digitalization is
now an essential need that we all need to understand. And all of this is taking place using
information systems. All these advantages of the information system help us in various services
provided on doorstep as mentioned above.

Q2. You are given the opportunity to develop an “integrated” and “dedicated” e-supply chain to
provide these doorsteps. Thus describe the followings:-
(a) necessary services that can use e-supply chain process of delivery;

Ans. The process of putting the demand and providing planning and execution information into a
collaborative mode through the web helps the workers to speak with customers, suppliers
and different business functions fleetly and additionally helps to execute ordering, promising and
process and different producing activities a lot of quickly at lesser value.
SCM flows is divided into 3 main activities
1. Product Flow: the merchandise flow includes the movement of products from a provider
to a customer, and additionally any product came back by customers. Like groceries, daily
 wants product, toiletries, etc. The flow of those product is critical for living. and thus for
these products e-supply chain is used for the method of delivery at sill.
2. Data flow: the information flow involves sending orders and change the status of delivery.
Data just like the address of the receiver, the product ordered, payment method all is hold
on in information systems. This all makes the delivery method trouble free and clear to the
client.
3. Financial flow: The monetary flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules,
consignment and title possession arrangements. throughout this pandemic, wherever the
globe is practicing social distancing as a precautions, on-line transactions area unit
enjoying a significant role in implementing it. It's a contactless service wherever
transparency of the transactions is additionally maintained.
Following figure illustrates the parts of a eminent E-Supply Chain Management
These all services is provided to customers through associate degree e-supply chain throughout
this unpredictable state of affairs of COVID-19.

(b) Draw a value chain model to integrated e-supply chain

Ans. Porter’s value chain involves five primary activities: arriving supply, operations, outgoing
supply, promoting and sales, and repair. Support activities square measure illustrated during a
vertical column over all of the first activities. These square measure procural, human resources,
technology development, and firm infrastructure.

Primary Activities
Primary activities relate directly to the physical creation, sale, maintenance and support of a
product or service. They consist of the following:

1. Inbound supply – These square measure all the processes associated with receiving,
storing, and distributing inputs internally. Your provider relationships square measure a
key think about making worth here.
2. Operations – These square measure the transformation activities that modification inputs
into outputs that square measure sold-out to customers. Here, your operational systems
produce worth.
3. Outbound supply – These activities deliver your product or service to your client. These
square measure things like assortment, storage, and distribution systems, and that they is
also internal or external to your organization.
4. Marketing and sales – These square measure the processes you employ to influence
shoppers to get from you rather than your competitors. the advantages you provide, and
the way well you communicate them, square measure sources valuable here.
5. Service – These square measure the activities associated with maintaining the worth of
your product or service to your customers, once it has been purchased.

Support Activities
These activities support the primary functions above. In our diagram, the dotted lines show that
each support, or secondary, activity can play a role in each primary activity. For example,
procurement supports operations with certain activities, but it also supports marketing and sales
with other activities.
 1. Procurement (purchasing) – This is what the company is doing to get the resources to
operate it requires. This includes finding and negotiating best prices for vendors.
2. Human resource management – This is how well a organization employs, hires, trains,
motivates, rewards and maintains its employees. People are a major source of revenue, and
companies with good HR practices will build a strong advantage.
3. Technological advancement – These activities include the management and processing of
information, as well as the preservation of the knowledge base of a organization.
Minimizing the costs of information technology, keeping up-to - date with technological
developments and ensuring technical competence are sources of added value.
4. Infrastructure – These are the support systems for a company, and the functions that
enable it to maintain daily operations. Accounting, legal , administrative, and general
management are examples of the necessary infrastructure that companies can benefit from.

(c) write requirement specifications to develop these e-supply chain service

Ans. To develop these doorstep services there are few specific requirements for these services:-
1. Replacement of or integration with the legacy systems.
2. Standardising and streamlining internal processes – BPR/redesign if needed.
3. Adoption, updating or integrating with the existing ERP of the enterprise.
4. Streamlining external processes – BPR/redesign if needed.
5. Collaborative planning and joint management of key business processes.
6. Business intelligence and decision support.

(d) Coverage of inputs (for service providers) and outputs (for end customers) of “integrated” and
“dedicated e-supply-chain model.
Ans. For any e-supply chain, the input will be the raw material required for the products and
services and then the final product delivered to the customer is the output of the e-supply chain.
Here, to provide doorstep services from groceries to healthcare services information systems
plays a vital role.
Input:- Groceries from farmers, travel history data from Arogya Setu app, list of products required
by the households(daily necessities), health data from Arogya Setu app, database management
system to collect and manage the data provided by individuals,etc.
Output:- Services and products provided at the doorstep, groceries to daily necessities, healthcare
decision making, etc.

(e) Draw process-chain diagram to integrate e-supply chain

Ans.
Q3. How knowledge management processes and different artificial intelligence techniques help
this “integrated” and “dedicated e-supply-chain model to be (a) responsive at present time; and (b)
proactive for future needs?

Ans. Artificial intelligence is already powerful, and continuing to grow. Everything from self-
driving cars to social media is being defined by how fast technology can train machines to behave
like humans, or even perhaps exceed them in capabilities.

Impact of AI in Logistics
Predictive capabilities will rise.
The efficiencies of the corporate within the areas of network planning and predictive demand
have gotten improved with AI capabilities. Companies get to become more proactive by having a
tool which may help with capacity planning and accurate demand forecasting. after they know
what the market expects, they will quickly move the vehicles to the areas with more demand and
thereby bring down the operational costs.

To avoid risks, anticipate events and are available up with solutions, now techs are using data. the
information helps companies to use their resources within the right way for max benefits, and AI
helps them with it more accurate and faster manner.

Robotics.
You cannot discuss AI without mentioning robotics. although robotics is taken into account as a
futuristic technology concept, the availability chain already makes use of it. they're accustomed
track, locate and move inventory within the warehouses. Such robots include deep learning
algorithms which helps the robots make autonomous decisions regarding the various processes
that are performed within the warehouse.

Big data.
Apart from robots, AI is additionally about big data. For the logistics companies, Big Data helps
to optimize future performance and forecast accurate outlooks better than ever. When the insights
of massive Data are used together with AI, it helps to enhance different areas of supply chain like
supply chain transparency and route optimization.

For AI within the logistics industry, turning out with clean data may be a huge step, and that they
cannot implement without having such usable figures. it's demanding to live efficiency as data
comes from different sources. At the source level it's insufferable to enhance such data, then
algorithms are accustomed analyze data, enhance the standard of information, identify issues to
realize transparency which may be used for business benefits.

Computer vision.
When you are moving cargo across the planet, it's always good to possess a pair of eyes to
observe, and it will be best when it comes with state-of-the-art technology. Now you'll see things
in a very new way by using computer vision which is predicated on AI for the logistics.

Autonomous vehicles.
Autonomous vehicles are the following big thing that AI offers the availability chain. Having
driverless trucks can take a long time, but the logistics industry is now making use of high-tech
driving to extend efficiency and safety. the many change is anticipated during this industry in
terms of assisted braking, lane-assist, and highway autopilot.

In order to realize lower fuel consumption, better-driving systems are turning out which works on
to assemble multiple trucks to possess formations. Computers control such formations and that
they are connected with each other too. Such quite configuration is claimed to assist the trucks
save fuel distinctively.

Impact of AI (AI) in Supply Chain.

AI offers contextual intelligence.
AI provides the availability chain with contextual intelligence which may be employed by them to
cut back the operating costs and manage inventory. The contextual information helps them to
induce back to the clients quickly.

Companies make use of AI together with machine learning to induce new insights into different
areas which include warehouse management, logistics and provide chain management. a number
of the technologies utilized in these areas are AI-powered Visual Inspection to spot damage and
perform needed correction by taking photos of the cargo by using special cameras and Intelligent
Robotic Sorting to sort palletized shipments, parcels and letters.

AI offers insights to spice up productivity.

By making use of AI in supply chain management, it's possible to investigate its performance and
are available up with new factors which impacts the identical area. so as to seek out the factors
and issues which affects the performance of the availability chain, AI combines the capabilities of
various technologies like reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning and supervised learning.

AI helps with demand forecasting by analyzing large volumes of information.

AI makes it possible to live and track all the factors which may work towards offering accuracy in
demand forecasting. supported the weather, real-time sales and other factors, it provides
continuous forecasts in a very loop. Such quite information can help with automated sorting,
improving warehouse management, self-management of inventory systems and forklifts that are
self-driving.

AI can help with improving the choice of the supplier and its effectiveness.
AI can analyze the information associated with the supplier like audits, in-full delivery
performance, credit scoring, evaluations and supported that deliver information which may be
accustomed make future decisions. this type of step helps the corporate make better decisions as a
supplier and work towards improving customer service.

AI helps to enhance the customer experience.

As per Pega, 38 percent of consumers believe that AI can enhance customer service. AI
personalizes the link of shoppers with logistics providers. Customers can now make use of voice-
based service to trace their shipment. just in case any issues come up when the customer are going
to be redirected to the customer assistance team.

AI improves factory scheduling and production planning.

With the introduction of AI now companies can work on enhancing factory scheduling and
production planning. they will work on to investigate the various issues so optimize them. With
AI having the ability to balance constraints this may work well for build-to-order situations
automatically.

Impact of AI in Transportation.
Issues in transportation arise when system behavior is tough to create supported the predictable
pattern which is stricken by human errors, traffic or accidents. In such situations, AI can come to
your rescue. AI predicts decisions supported data analysis. AI is now implemented in a very
number of the way across the transportation industry, and a few are explained below:
Corporate deciding.
By making use of AI methods, the fright transport system can make use of prediction methods to
grasp about their volume so as to simplify planning for the transport company. Moreover, it's
possible to style variety of decision-making tools which may be pass by AI. Such quite
investments in AI will help the businesses within the future in a very better way.

Improvement publically safety.

By real-time tracking of crime data within the urban areas, it's become possible to make sure the
security of the those that are making use of conveyance. Such quite data will be employed by the
police to create their patrolling efforts efficient and work towards ensuring the security of the
people.

Autonomous vehicles.
Over the last a few years self-driven cars and trucks are a thing of interest for people. to spice up
productivity and reduce the instances of accidents over highways, Elon Musk and Uber have
developed self-driving trucks.

Safety of pedestrians.
It is possible to decrease injuries and traffic accidents by predicting the trail of cyclists and
pedestrians. Gaging traffic information allows for reducing overall emissions and various
transportation usage.

Traffic patterns.
The traffic flow is claimed to affect transport significantly. When the information associated with
traffic is employed for traffic management by making use of AI, then such information will be
accustomed dramatically reduce the congestion in traffic in addition as streamline it. Today
variety of AI-based solutions are accustomed build smarter traffic solutions, and that they are said
to play their roles effectively.