UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA

OFICINA DE POSTGRADOS
CURSO: COMPRENSION DE TEXTOS CIENTÍFICOS EN INGLES
DOCENTE: SONIA JEREZ RODRIGUEZ
SESIÓN N° 5
TEMA: METODOLOGIA, LA VOZ PASIVA

CAUSE AND EFFECT:

Look at the cause and effect conjunctions

When water is heated, the molecules move quickly, therefore the

water boils.
A tornado blew the roof off the house, and as a result, the family
had to find another place to live.
Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work.
The moon has gravitational pull, consequently the oceans have
tides.
Since school was canceled, we went to the mall.
John made a rude comment, so Elise hit him.

ACTIVITY 1. READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH AND FIND THE

CAUSES AND EFFECTS:

Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow basic paragraph format: they begin with a
topic sentence which is followed by specific supporting details.  

      In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about
50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are
several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing
industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation
of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These
 jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many
people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools
established to educate the children of the new factory laborers.
The promise of a better education persuaded many families to
leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the
cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment,
and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For
many people, these facilities made city life appear more
interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away
from rural communities.

Follow the effect and use the chart below to write the causes:

EFFECT CAUSES
(Topic Sentence) (Supporting Sentences)

Cities have grown very large.

  
[There are several reasons for this.]

(Cities have grown very large.)   

LA VOZ PASIVA

Escucha la explicación del profesor sobre el uso de la voz pasiva en inglés.

Una oración está en voz pasiva cuando la significación del verbo es recibida
por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere; un ejemplo de esto es la
siguiente oración .
Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza.
(Buenos Aires fue fundada por Pedro de Mendoza).
La Oración se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to-be y el participio pasado del
verbo que se conjuga.
Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras de
pasiva:
a. A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom
por Mr. Smith.
b. Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomática). Esta
estructura no es posible en castellano

Estructura de la Voz Pasiva

Primero va el sujeto; luego el verbo To-Be (en el tiempo que corresponda);
después el Participio Pasado del Verbo Principal y por último el Complemento
que es un elemento exclusivo de la oración pasiva y nos indica quién realiza la
acción del verbo y siempre va precedido por la preposición BY.
Es decir, queda de la siguiente manera:

Sujeto + verbo To-be + el Participio Pasado +

Complemento.

EJEMPLOS:
a) The pizza is eaten by us. "La pizza es comida por nosotros."
b) I was given a book. > "Me dieron un libro.
a. The porter carries the bags. (el portero lleva los bolsos):
b. The bags are carried by the porter. (los bolsos son llevados por el
portero)

A continuación, se van a mostrar algunos ejemplos de cambios de voz activa

a pasiva de acuerdo a los diferentes tiempos verbales:

VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA

Tom writes a letter A letter is written by Tom

Tom is writing a letter
Tom was writing a letter
Tom wrote a letter
Tom has written a letter
Tom had written a letter
Tom will write a letter
Tom is going to write a letter
Tom can write a letter
Tom could write a letter
Tom must write a letter
Tom may write a letter
Tom might write a letter
A letter is being written by Tom
A letter was being written by Tom
A letter was written by Tom
A letter has been written by Tom
A letter had been written by Tom
A letter will be written by Tom
A letter is going to be written by Tom
A letter can be written by Tom
A letter could be written by Tom
A letter must be written by Tom
A letter may be written...
A letter might be written...

Observa la manera como estas oraciones pertenecientes a la metodología de

investigaciones son presentadas:

 Data for this study were gathered in 2011 through a self-administered

questionnaire completed by a voluntary sample.

 The pHs of solution were measured using a Corning Scholar 425 pH

meter.

 Solutions and complexes were analyzed using UV-Vis, Raman and IR-
ATR spectroscopy
Nota: Los tiempos verbales:
La elección de los tiempos verbales en los textos académicos y científicos depende de
ciertas consideraciones retóricas. Los tiempos verbales en este tipo de discurso
reflejan el propósito o papel comunicativo del usuario.

Recuerda: La voz: (activa y pasiva) la voz pasiva se utiliza para señalar el

procedimiento establecido, y está determinado por la necesidad de enfatizar una idea,
caracterizándose por su impersonalidad, condición, objetividad y por dar importancia a
los hechos más destacados. Se trata de una manifestación de cortesía típica de la
interacción entre el investigador y el resto de la comunidad investigadora para mitigar
su protagonismo en las investigaciones. La elección entre voz pasiva o voz activa
depende del tipo de afirmación que se quiera expresar

ACTIVITY 3: Identifica en estos dos segmentos de textos cual esta escrito en

voz activa y cual en voz pasiva; observa como el uso de la una o la otra centra
la atención del lector en los protagonistas

Voz__________? Voz___________?

In this ideology the argument

In this ideology the argument
used to sustain the subjugation
used to sustain the subjugation
of women has largely rested on
of women has largely rested on
premises about biological
premises about biological
difference - the biological
difference - society has used the
differences between men and
biological differences between
women have been used to
men and women to legitimate
legitimate hierarchical
hierarchical structures of social
structures of social inequality.
inequality. Society has
Women, because of their
traditionally confined women,
biological function as child
because of their biological
bearers, have been traditionally
function as child bearers, to the
confined to the domestic sphere
domestic sphere and excluded
and excluded from the world
them from the world 'out there'.
'out there'.

The text in the active voice focuses on the 'doers', that is society, rather than on
women, the people acted on by the actions of others. The tone of the text is also much
more political and accusatory: 'Society has ... confined women... and excluded them'
rather than descriptive and explanatory.

ACTIVITY 4: Análisis:
Lea el siguiente texto de la metodología de un artículo de biología y escuche la
explicación del docente
PRACTICE ON LINE
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/grammar/parts-of-speech-the-
modifier/introduction-to-adverbs/e/identifying-relative-adverbs

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/con015.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/con014.htm