Schematic Diagram Symbols

• Wires

Wires are connected with a dot at the junction. Wires that are not connected simply cross without
a connection dot. If wires form a cross at their connection, it is better to stagger them forming ”t”
junctions so that the connection is clear even if the connection dot is not.

S? S
n.
1 2 1

pushbutton single pole

wires crossing but wires connected preferred, to archaic − don’t use switch normally c
not connected at center point prevent ambiguity
S?
v3.3 v5.0 1 2
Figure 1: Wires
earth ground signal ground R? 2
power supply power supply
pushbutton
1
• Power and Groundwires
Symbols connection connection
crossing but wires connected preferred, to archaic − don’t use switch
to +3.3 volts to +5 volts 10k 10K
not connected at center point prevent ambiguity
Resistor Variable res
v3.3 v5.0 called a pote
Z? D? D? D?
earth ground signal ground R?
power supply power supply
connection connection
5.6V to +3.3 volts to +5 volts
1N5711 1N4148 10k
FigureLight
2: Power
Emitting and
DiodeGround
(LED) Symbols
Zener diode, Usually has
Schottky diode Standard Diode Resistor
rated voltage shown
There are several symbols usedZ? for ground. Some conventions
D? distinguish
D?earth ground,D? signal
ground, and chassis ground. However, these are often used interchangeably. Many different
power symbols areC? also seen depending C? upon the countryC? of origin. The actual supply voltage
usually indicated. 5.6V 1N4148
1N5711 I?
1uFhas Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Zener diode, Usually
• Switches 100pf Schottky diode 1mA
Standard Diode
rated voltage shown 0.1uF
polarized electrolytic non−polarized
variable capacitor Independent Current Source Independent Vo
There are many different kindsoroftantalum
switches seen
capacitor in schematics.
capacitor Most will resemble these samples.
C? C? C?
M? C C
S? S? S? I?
TP? 1uF
M B? n.c. n.o.
netname Q? B
1mA Q?
1 100pf
2 1 2 1 0.1uF
2
3V 2N4403
polarized electrolytic non−polarized
variable capacitor Independent
E Current
E Source In
pushbutton or tantalum capacitor
single pole single throw single pole capacitor
single throw
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
preferred, to archaic − don’t use switch normally closed switch normally open switch Photo transistor PNP transistor
event ambiguity
M? C C

TP?
v5.0 M B?
Figure 3: Switches netname Q? B

3V R? 2
R? 2 R? E E
power supply
1 3 1
connection Motor Battery Test Point Connector
to +5 volts Photo transistor PNP tran
10k 10K
Resistor Variable resistor, also 10k
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
D? D? nominal and varies with light
 S? S? S?
n.c. n.o.
1 2 1 2 1 2
• Resistors
pushbutton single pole single throw single pole single throw
preferred, to
Resistors typically do notswitch
archaic − don’t use
have a rated wattage shown. In
normally closed switch
most schematics, the resistors are all of
normally open switch
event ambiguity the same wattage and this will be stated somewhere on the schematic.

v5.0
R?
2 R?
power supply R?
1 3
connection
to +5 volts 10k 10K S? S?
n.c.
Resistor Variable resistor, also 10k 1 2 1 2
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
D? D? nominal and varies with light pushbutton single pole sing
wires crossing but wires connected preferred, to archaic − don’t use switch normally closed
not connected at center point prevent ambiguity
Figure 4: Resistors T?
1N5711 1N4148 1 3
ED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode v3.3 v5.0
• Diodes
earth ground signal ground 2 R?
power supply power supply L? R?
1 3
There are many types of diodes. Hereconnection
are a few of the most common. Zener diodes will often have
connection
C? both a part number and the rated voltage to aid in to
to +3.3 volts understanding
+5 volts 2
4.7uHthe circuit operation. 10k 4 10K
Inductor Resistor Variable resistor
I? V? Transformer
called a potentio
1mA D? 10V
0.1uF Z? D? D?
n−polarized
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
apacitor

5.6V 1N5711 1N4148

Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Zener diode,
C Usually has C C
Schottky diode Q? Standard Diode Q?
rated voltage shown
netname Q? B Q? Q?
B

2N4403 2N4401
E E Figure 5: EC?
Diodes 2N7000 BS250
C? C?
Connector
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET P−channel MOSFET
1uF I? V?
1mA 10V
100pf 0.1uF
polarized electrolytic non−polarized
variable capacitor Independent Current Source Independent Voltage
or tantalum capacitor capacitor

M? C C

TP?
M B? netname Q? B Q? B

3V 2N4403
TITLE
E E

Motor Battery Test Point FILE:

Connector REVISION:
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN
PAGE OF DRAWN BY:

2
 switch normally closed switch normally open switch

R?
2 R?
R?
1 3
• Inductors and Transformers
10k 10K
Resistor
Transformers oftenalso
Variable resistor, will have a small
10k dot placed at one end of its windings. These are phasing dots
which indicate
called the instantaneous
a potentiometer voltage
Photo resistor, its valuepolarity
is at each of the ”dotted” ends of the windings is S?
the same. nominal and varies with light 1 2

pushbutton
wires crossing but T?
wires connected preferred, to archaic − don’t use switch
48 1 3
not connected at center point prevent ambiguity
Diode

L? v3.3 v5.0

earth ground signal ground R?

4.7uH power supply
2 power
4 supply
connection connection
Inductor Transformer
to +3.3 volts to +5 volts
I? V? 10k
1mA 10V
S? S? S? Resistor
n.c. n.o.
t Current Source Independent Voltage Source Figure
1 6: Inductors
2 D? 1 2 1 2
Z? D? D?

• Capacitors pushbutton single pole single throw single pole single throw
C C C
es connected preferred, to archaic − don’t use Q? switch normallyQ?
closed switch normally open switch
center Q?
point prevent ambiguity
5.6V 1N5711 1N4148
B Q?
Capacitors B Q? Zener
will sometimes have a voltage Light Emitting Diode (LED)
diode, Usually haslisted if it is critical. Often, all the capacitors on a
2N4403 will have 2N4401 Schottky diode Standard Diode
schematic the same voltage
rated voltage rating.
shown If so, this will be stated somewhere on the schematic.
E v3.3 E v5.0 E 2N7000 BS250
R?
d R? 2 R?
power supply
transistor power supply
PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
C? C? P−channel
1
MOSFET
C?
3
connection connection
to +3.3 volts to +5 volts 10k 10K
1uF I?
Variable resistor, also 10k 1mA
100pf Resistor 0.1uF
polarized electrolytic a potentiometer
called non−polarized Photo resistor, its value is
D? D? variable capacitor
D? Independent
nominal and varies with light Current Source In
or tantalum capacitor capacitor

M? Figure 7: Capacitors C T? C
1N5711 1N4148 1
Light Emitting Diode (LED) TITLE TP?
Schottky diode M
Standard Diode
B? netname Q? B
• Independent SourcesFILE: 3V REVISION: 2
PAGE OF DRAWN BY: L? E E

Motor Battery Test Point Connector

C? C? 4.7uH 2
Photo transistor PNP tran

Inductor Transformer
1uF I? V?
1mA 10V
0.1uF
rized electrolytic non−polarized
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
ntalum capacitor capacitor

Figure
C 8: Independent
C Sources C
Q? Q?
TP?
netname Q? B Q? B Q?
2N4403 2N4401
E E E 2N7000 BS2
ttery Test Point Connector
Photo transistor 3 transistor
PNP NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET P−channel MOS
 L?
? C? R? 4.7uH 2 4
2 R?
R? Inductor
1 3 I? V? Transformer
1uF
1mA 10V
10k 0.1uF • Bipolar
10K Junction Transistors (BJT’s)
electrolytic non−polarized
m capacitor Resistor
capacitor
Variable resistor, also 10k Source
Independent Current Independent Voltage Source
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light S?
C C C 1 2
Q? Q?
TP?
netname Q? B Q? T? B Q?
148 2N4403
1 2N4401
3 pushbutton s
wires crossing but wires connected preferred, to archaic2N7000
− don’t use switch
BS250
d Diode E E E
not connected at center point prevent ambiguity
Test Point Connector
L?
Photo transistor
PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET P−channel MOSFET
v3.3 v5.0
4.7uH 2 4
earth groundFigure
signal
9:ground
Bipolar power
Junction Transistors R?
supply power supply
Inductor Transformerconnection
I? V? connection
1mA 10V to +3.3 volts to +5 volts
• Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’S) 10k
nt Current Source Independent Voltage Source Resistor V
c
Z? D? D? D?
C C C TITLE
Q? Q?
Q? B Q? B Q? FILE: RE
5.6V 1N5711 1N4148
2N4403 2N4401
Zener diode, Usually has
Light Emitting Diode (LED) PAGE OF DR
E E E 2N7000 BS250 Schottky diode Standard Diode
rated voltage shown

transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET P−channel MOSFET

C? C? C?
Figure 10: Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’S)
1uF I?
1mA
100pf
• Battery, Motor, Connections 0.1uF
polarized electrolytic non−polarized
variable capacitor Independent Current Source Indep
or tantalum capacitor capacitor

M?
TITLE C C

TP?
FILE:
M B? REVISION:
netname Q? B Q?
3V 2N4
PAGE OF DRAWN BY:
E E

Motor Battery Test Point Connector

Photo transistor PNP transis

Figure 11: Motor, Battery and Connection Symbols