R.

A 9163 – An Act of 2001

• ACT Establishing NSTP Amending R.A 7077 & Presidential Decree # 1706
SEC. 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY
• It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens. In
turn, it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the State and in
fulfillment thereof, the government may require its citizens to render personal, military and
civil service.
Section 2
Recognizing the youth role in Nation Building, the state shall:
• Promote civic consciousness
• Develop physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, social well – being.
• Inculcate patriotism, nationalism and involvement in public and civic affairs.

Thru the Program Component, student shall be:

• Motivated
• Trained
• Organized
• Mobilized in military, literacy, civic welfare…etc, in service of the nation

Components
Reserved Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)
• Military training
• Motivate, train, organize and mobilize for national defense preparedness
Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
• Contributory to general welfare and betterment of life, enhancement of facilities esp.
along health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, mural of the
citizenry and other social welfare activities
Literacy Training Service (LTS)
• Train students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, Out of School Youth
(OSY) and other segments of Society
COVERAGE
• All male and female incoming freshmen starting AY 2002-2003
• Enrolled in baccalaureate and in at least two year technical vocational or associate courses
• Private HEI’s to offer at least one (1) NSTP component
• SUC’s shall offer ROTC and at least one (1) NSTP Component
NSTP STUDENTS
• All incoming freshmen
• Students classified as first year (dropped, stopped, changed course taking new curriculum as
2002-2003
• All male non – freshmen, tertiary level who have not taken E-ROTC program.
Curriculum name
• National Service Training Program (NSTP)
• Components ( CWTS, LTS, ROTC etc. )
Code
NSTP1 - Civic Welfare & Training Service (theory & Application)
NSTP2 - Civic Welfare Training Service (Community Immersion )
DURATION and EQUIVALENT UNIT
• Two (2) semesters
• Three (3) units/semester
• 54-90 training hours/semester
• CLUSTERING and CROSS-ENROLMENT
• Clustering of students from different HEIs taking into account, branch of service and
geographical location
• Cross-enrolment –allowed if HEIs do not have the component chosen by the students or the
private HEIs in the case of ROTC, do not meet the required number
Cross Enroll
• NSTP Office facilitates cross enrolment of students
• Procedures:
• Request copy or approval for X- enrollment
• Clear copy of registration form (bonafide student)
• Approval/acknowledgment of acceptance
• Produce three(3) copies ( 1 NSTP, 1 Registrars office, 1 student)
• Include students in the enrolment report
NSTP Grades does not
• form part in the computation of grades for final evaluation. It comes in to support other
qualifications of students as required

CERTIFICATES
• Issued to successful student trainees (complied requirements)
• Signatory
• Program Director/Coordinator, Registrar, Head of Agency
• Serial Number issued by the CHED
NSTP FEES
• Collection – ½ of the fee per unit
• 70 % - operations
• 30 % - unprogrammed activities/projects
• Trust Fund (Deposited Separately)
• Proportionally allocated by components
• Component Coordinators shall submit POE to the NSTP Director for consolidation
• Not converted in savings
• Subsidies etc. shall form part in the budget preparation of the program
Insurance
• Require insurance per student enrollee
• Protection of students
• HEI’s has the option to choose insurance for this purpose
Sec. 10
• MANAGEMENT and MONITORING
• School authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision.
• DND and school authorities exercise joint supervision over ROTC implementation subject to
policies, regulations and programs of DND
• School authorities to jointly exercise academic and administrative supervision over the program
w/ accredited NGO.
• CHEDROs. TESDA Provincial and Regional District Offices and DND-AFP Major Services Command
to oversee and monitor the NSTP implementation
• Reports to be submitted to CHED, TESDA and DND
Structure of Organization
• School has academic and administrative supervision over the design , formulation and
adaptation and implementation of the different NSTP components
• Structure based on the capabilities of HEI’s
Necessary to:
• Designate qualified NSTP Director/ Coordinator
• Component facilitator shall be under the program coordinator
• Must have an Office for NSTP
• NSTP office shall consolidate report, if campuses exist in one region, the NSTP Director shall
submit report to the CHEDRO
• Trainors should attend NSTP Training to ensure standard implementation
• Qualified trainors only shall handle the program
Qualifications
• At least Bachelor’s Degree Holder/Masters Degree
• Must possess good citizenship values and commitment to serve
• Knowledgeable on the dimensions/concerns (POI) and administrative operations of the
program.
• Must have training experiences in NSTP
• Have experienced in facilitating training programs related to the areas of concern of the
program.
• Have the willingness to work and serve in the community
Benefits
Benefits of the faculty involved shall be based in any of the following:
• The honorarium as allotted for the program or as decided by their respective school
administrators.
• Service credits equivalent to 10 to 15 days (54 – 90 hours)
• Shall form part of their regular/full time teaching load.
Facilities
• College/University should provide training venue for the program
 • ROTC facilities can be used for other NSTP components
• Procure facilities/tools, equipment out of the budget provided
TRANSITORY PROVISION
Suspension of ROTC Requirement
Students certified by HEI’s to have completed the academic requirement for the course taken as of
March 23, 2002
• 15 days after publication in two (2) dailies of national circulation (Manila Bulletin and Daily
Enquirer)
• Male students w/ two semesters in the EROTC are to have complied with the requirements of
the NSTP Law
• Male students w/ only one semester of E-ROTC to take one more semester of NSTP
• Students to qualify for enlistment in the Reserve Force or attend Advance ROTC, shall undertake
special program for the purpose

ORGANIZATION of NSTP GRADUATES

• ROTC graduates shall form part of the Citizen Armed Forces, pursuant to RA 7077 (AFP
Reservist Law,
• Non- ROTC graduates (CWTS/LTS ) shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
RA 10742 ---SK REFORM ACT OF 2005… Sec. 16
• Exemption of SK Officials from taking NSTP CWTS only
• Lots of proposed bills were submitted but these are all in pending to the Congress but never
in the Senate
HEIs Commitment
• Full Support to NSTP program
• Enhancing ties with Community
• Continued enhancing faculty capabilities
• HEIs continued innovation
Implementors’ Capability
• Continuous training
• Network with Community Experts
• Strengthening Community link
Community Services
• Health
• Education
• Environment
• Entrepreneurship
• Drug education
• Safety & Security
• Recreation and other social welfare services
Inter-Agencies Linkages
• DENR
 • DOH
• DDB
• PDEA
• NDRRC
• DILG
• AFP
• EPPC
NEW CHALLENGES
• Strengthening the NSTP Law
• Strong Ties with the Community & partner agencies
• Support with the NSRC
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
• National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) – Office of Civil Defense shall
act as lead agency in the administration, training, organization, development, maintenance and
utilization of the registered NSRC members

The Philippine Constitution

(Bill of Rights & Duties & Responsibilities of a Filipino Citizen)

A constitution is a system for government, codified as written document, which contains

fundamental laws and principles. It usually contains fundamental political principles, and establishes the
structure, procedures, powers and duties, of a government.

Rights and responsibilities help make our communities better. Rights are freedoms we have
that are protected by our laws, while responsibilities are duties or things that we should
do. In order to be good citizens, or members of a community, we must understand our rights and
responsibilities .
One important feature of a democratic state is the people enjoyment of rights and privileges. As a
democratic state, our country guarantees its citizens certain individual rights which are stipulated in
Article III (Bill of Rights) of its charter.

Article III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no
search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally
by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may
produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful
order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.
Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be
denied to any person by reason of poverty.
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of
his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These
rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
• No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of
detention are prohibited.

• Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be

inadmissible in evidence against him.

• The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and
shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face,
and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence
in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused
provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion
or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous
crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to
reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be
dealt with by law.
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is
punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to
another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN

The prime duty of the government is for its citizens to serve and protect in turn it shall be
obligation of the entire citizen to do their duties and responsibilities as a Filipino citizens of
the country as listed below:

1.Defend our country from enemies and invaders.

2.Pay his/her taxes willingly and promptly.
3.Be loyal to our country.
4.Take care and conserve our natural resources.
5.Help our country for growth and development.
6.Keep our surroundings clean.
7.Study well and become a productive individual.
8.Obey the laws and maintain peace and order in the community.
9.Preserve the Filipino culture and identity.
10.Participate actively n various government programs.
11.Vote wisely and chose candidates who can serve the people and our country.
12.Respect the rights of others.

The more important duties and obligations of every citizen in a democratic

society are the following:
1.To be loyal to the Republic.
2.To defend the State.
3.To contribute to the development of welfare of the State
4.To uphold the Constitution and obey laws.
5.To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.
6.To exercise rights responsibility and with due regard for the rights of others.
7.To engage in gainful work.
8.To register and vote.

Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday the twenty-eighth day of July, nineteen hundred and
ninety-seven.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491
AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND
OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. Short Title — This act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines.”
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the
anthem and other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express
the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to
manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their
native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and the proper use of the
national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices.

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms — Whenever used in this Act, the term:

• “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine
National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;
• “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a
decoration;
• “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise; d. “Fly” shall mean the part
of the flag outside the hoist or length;
• “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and heroism (for
orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and
insignia);
• “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom
of the staff;

• “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is
attached;

• “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality; i. “National
Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’
• “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures where the
President resides, and other structures occupied by the
Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;
• “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or
recreation; and

• “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.

CHAPTER 1

THE NATIONAL FLAG

A. Design of the National Flag

SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight rayed golden-
yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.

B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag

SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas, and
institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front of the
following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building; Supreme Court building; the
Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos,
Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela
Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other places as maybe designated by the Institute.
The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the open flag-
staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 ( Araw ngKagitingan); May 1 ( Labor Day); May 28 (
National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August ( National Heroes Day);
November 30 ( Bonifacio Day); and December 30 ( Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be
declared by the President and/or local chief executives.
The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices or raised in the open
on flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, that they observe flag-raising ceremonies in
accordance with the rules and regulations to be issued by the Office of the President.

SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government offices, government-
owned corporations and local government units are enjoined to observe flag day with appropriate
ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to
cooperate in making the celebrations a success.

SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more than one
thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels.
On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the ship is at
anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is at sea.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and the
red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of the
observer) in time of peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.

SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be of such
height as would give the flag commanding position in relation to the buildings in the vicinity.
If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored on a sill projecting at an
angle upward.
If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the stage) or the left of
the office upon entering.

SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national flags,
must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal size. The Philippine flag shall
be hoisted first and lowered last.
If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard as the Philippine flag but
below the latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine flag.
SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the other flag.
If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle of the line.
When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front of
the center of the line.

SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly
burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to show
signs of wear and tear.

SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at the start
of official’office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.

SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:

• Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed indoors on a flagpole,
it shall be placed at the left of the observer as one enters the room;

• From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a

commanding position in relation to the surrounding buildings;
• From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or facade of a building.

• In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected away from the
building;

• Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and

• Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east, if the road is heading
south or north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or west.
The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the flag shall not be
lowered.

SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.
After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.
C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony

SECTION 18. All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth observe the flag-
raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony every Friday afternoon. The
ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine
National Anthem.

SECTION 19. The office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute shall issue rules and
regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.

SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall be simple and
dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original Filipino lyrics and march
tempo.

SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation racing the flag. At
the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the premises shall come to attention;
moving vehicles shall stop. All persons present shall :. ace their right palms over their chests, those with
hats shall uncover, while those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training
uniforms shall give :.-.£ salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be completed upon the
last note of the anthem.
The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a band, r available, and at the
first note, the flag shall be raised briskly.
The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in parade.

SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so that the flag
shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those in the assembly shall
observe the same deportment or shall observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.
D. Half-Mast

SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all buildings and places where
it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official announcement of the death of any of the
following officials:
• The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

• The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and
• Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than seven
(7) days.
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding
office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court,
the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined
by the
Institute.
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the
half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised briskly to the peak before it is lowered for the day.
E. Casket

SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military, veterans of
previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation,
as maybe determined by the local government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed
such that the white triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the
caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded
solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the deceased.
F. Pledge to the Flag

SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine

Flag: Ako ay Filipino Buong katapatang nanunumpa Sa watawat ng Pilipinas At sa bansang kanyang
sinasagisag Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang Maka-Diyos,
Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa.

Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised shoulder high.
Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge must nonetheless
show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.

G. Flag Days
SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag Days, during which
period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions of
learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag.
H. Specifications of the National Flag

SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1; the length of
the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.
SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001 the red color, Cable No.
80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.

SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag and to guarantee its
durability by the use of quality materials, the following standards and procedures shall be observed:
• All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be based on strict
compliance with the deisgn, color, craftmanship and material requriements of the Government.
• All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase for government use
shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftmanship specifications by the Institute, through its
Heraldry and Display Section, which shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass
reinforcement of the flag sample submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the
requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and

• The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine Textile Research
Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall evaluate the quality of
material of all flag samples and certify whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden yellow
colors, including the canvass submitted, conforms to government requirement as to quality of the
material. The samples shall be submitted by the said office to the Institute.

SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be inspected by the
requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and by the Commission on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped
approved by the Institute as reference.

SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the ITDI/PTRI
shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the President.
SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the requirements
under this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery of the national flag are strictly
complied with.

SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the government, government-
owned or controlled corporations, local government units, including barangays, shall include in their
annual budgets the necessary outlay for the purchase of the national flag.
I. Prohibited Acts

SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited

• To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission casting
dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;

• To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute; c. To use the flag:
• As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth

• As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects; 3. As a pennant in the hood,
side, back and top of motor vehicles; 4. As a staff or whip;
• For unveiling monuments or statues; and

• As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs. d. Display the flag:
• Under any painting or picture;

• Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;

• Below any platform; or

• In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or where
frivolity prevails.
• To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;

• To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or imprint of any nature on
the flag;
• To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other
articles of merchandise;

• To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of international organizations.
• To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and

• To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

CHAPTER II

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language v/ithin or without the
country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem.
Bayang magiliw, Perlas ng silanganan, Alab ng puso Sa dibdib mo’y buhay. Lupang hinirang, Duyan ka
ng magiting, Sa manlulupig Di ka pasisiil. Sa dagat at bundok, Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula At awit sa paglayang minamahal. Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y Tagumpay na
nagniningning; Ang bituin at araw niya, Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim. Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t
pagsinta, Buhay ay langit sa piling mo; Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi, Ang mamatay nang
dahil sa ‘yo.

SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.
SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by
singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem. The singing
must be done with fervor.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if there is one
displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons
shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in military, scouting,
citizen’s military training and security guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their
regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or entertainment purposes
except on the following occasions:
• International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a
representative;
• Local competitions;

• During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and television stations;
• Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of theater performances; and

• Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local governments, and any agencies or
instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations, privately-owned
entities of offices displaying the national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby
directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe
the rules shall be a ground for administrative discipline. CHAPTER III
THE NATIONAL MOTTO

SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.”
CHAPTER IV

NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS

SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-Arms shall have: Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief
argent studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent
over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words
“REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.

CHAPTER V

THE GREAT SEAL

SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the preceding
section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double
marginal circle within which shall appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of placing
The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed essential but tincture representation must
be used.
The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.

SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the President
and upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic of the Philippines as may be
provided by law, or as may be required bv custom and usage. The President shall have custody of the
Great Seal.
CHAPTER VI

OFFICIAL SEALS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES

SECTION 44. Any government entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate coat-of-arms,
administrative seals, logo, insignia, badges, patches, banners and initiate awards, citations, orders or
decorations, as may be authorized by the Congress or the Office of the President.

SECTION 45. Such hearldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute for recording and
evaluation as to precedence, design, customs and traditions. The institute shall promulgate the
corresponding rules and regulations which shall be submitted for approval to the Office of the President
or to Congress.
SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to purchase all heraldic
items and devices from manufacturers accredited and authorized by the Institute. Such items and
devices shall be subject to inspection by the purchasing agency’s internal inspector and the COA
representative using the design and specifications approved by the Office of the President or by the
Congress, through the Institute.

SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept any orders or decorations from any
foreign government without the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation and
documentation of such order or decoration by the Institute.
CHAPTER VII

PENALTIES
SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation of the
corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President shall, after proper notice and
hearing, be penalized by public censure which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of
general circulation.
The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher Education, upon the
recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice and hearing, shall cause the cancellation
of the recognition of permit of any private educational institution which fails or refuses to observe the
provisions of this Act for the second time.

SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the Commission on Higher
Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted by law, shall be committed to memory by
all students of both public and private educational institutions, and performed during the flag ceremony
conducted in accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President. In
addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of the National Anthem, as adopted
by law, to all private and public schools, as well as he general public.

SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon
conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional offenses,
both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in case the violation is commited
by a juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable. CHAPTER VIII
COMMON PROVISION
SECTION 51. The Institute shall issue the necessary-rules and regulations to implement the
provisions of this Act within ninety (90) days after effectivity. The Institute shall submit its rules and
regulations to the Office of the President and the Congress of the Philippines.

SECTION 52. The Institute shall also be responsible for the strict enforcement of the provision of this
Act. It may call upon any government department, agency, office, or government instrumentality,
including government corporations and local government units, for such assistance as it may deem
necessary for the effective discharge of its functions under this Act.

SECTION 53. Separability Clause— If any provision, or part hereof, is held invalid or unconstitutional,
the remeinder of this Act not otherwise affected shall be valid and subisting.
SECTION 54. Repealing Clause – Any law, presidential decree or issuance, executive order, letter of
instruction, administrative order, rule and regulation contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of
this Act is hereby repealed, modified, or amended accordingly.

SECTION 55. Effectivity — This Act shall be effective fifteen (15) days from the date of its publication in
Official Gazette or in at east two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Values Formation : Maka-Diyos ,Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan, Makabayan

National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law of Republic Act 9163 is a program aimed at enhancing
civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and
patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components: Civic Welfare Training
Service ( CWTS) ; Literacy Training Service ( LTS ) and Reserve Officer Training Corps ( ROTC), especially
designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare.
All Filipino parents hope to pass on to their children the values and words of wisdom that have been
passed to them. They can do a lot of things for their value formation.
Values are said to be worth the importance we attach to different factors in our lives.
Values has been defined as a frame of mind that a person considers to be very important to his or her
life.
But, no matter how much the parents would like to inculcate to them the positive or right values, their
environment could influence their children since values are caught and not taught. Whatever we have:
learned at home, in school and in the environment are internalized. (Within ourselves) Values
Transformation comes in.
You can become good citizens by living in accordance with the good citizenship values we can derive
from the preamble of the1987 constitution:
“we the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God in order to build a just humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
good conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.”
The Prologue of the Constitution
It is clustered into 4 groups: The Maka-Diyos, The Maka-Tao, The Makakalikasan, and Makabayan.

I. Maka-Diyos
• Faith in the almighty god
• Respect for life
• Order
• Work
• concern for the family and Future Generations
 A. Faith in almighty God

The Bible says, "But without faith, it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe
that He is, and that He rewards those who diligently seek Him" (Hebrew 11:6)
I shall live a life that is based on the right values and serve as an inspiration to others who may be
struggling to strengthen their own faith in god.
• I have the gift of faith in God;
• The gift of faith in God in me needs to be nurtured;
• My life is strengthened by my faith in God; and
• A strong faith in God, coupled with other important values, will improve my life and those of others
B. The good citizenship value of respect for life

Your life and own humanity is a gift from God, created from His own image and likeness which makes you
a person of worth and dignity as persons and grow to appreciate each other’s worth by keeping an open
mind and charitable attitude so you may be able to appreciate others’ giftedness and special roles in
your life and in the society. Your body is God’s temple, it is sacred and by all means you should be
responsible for it because any form of violence against it defies the sanctity of life. Our natural human
rights protect you from anything that endangers your life and well being. You should also be responsible
for upholding the rights of others. You shall not be an advocate of violence or any means that may harm
the life and dignity of others.
C. Value of Order

The value of order is doing “first things first. “It is simply doing the right thing at the right time and right
place without hesitation.
Order entails the discipline of mind emotion and action. We need these so that we can lay a peaceful
successful and productive life. Otherwise it will trigger situations of panic, unrest, confusion, havoc, and
anarchy. You should understand that the value of order is important in your quest to improve yourselves
as citizens. You should learn to strive hard in arranging your lies in a certain way that will allow you to
serve as inspiration to others by your examples and by a meaningful life guided by the order everyday.
Thoughts to ponder :
Do I recognize the benefits of living an orderly life?
Have I sorted out my priorities in life?
D. The good citizenship value of work.
“GIVE FISH TO A MAN ANDHE WILL HAE FOOD FOR ADAY TEACH HIM HOW TOFISH AND HE SHALL
HAEFOOD TO EAT THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE”
Work is a gift and it has become part of your nature and destiny. God has given you talents to use as
investments in your work and in return you are expected to settle for nothing less than excellent results.
Hard work quality work and honest work are what makes a citizen a good productive and self-reliant
member of the society .It is also important that you have the right values and attitudes toward your work
and dealings. You should always remember that no matter how much work you do what counts in the
end is not the volume of work but the amount of love you put into your work. Learn to work with love
integrity and honest to achieve excellent results.
Thoughts to ponder:
Am I a committed student who gives my best in school and in other endeavours?
Do I use my God-given talents wisely?
E. The good citizenship value of concern for the family and future generations

You draw inspiration and strength from your family and in return you are expected to do your
responsibilities as a member of the family to keep it intact and strong against the forces that tend to
destroy its values and sense of unity. A family is worth more than any worldly gain. Be vigilant and
possess the resolve to always value your family as your most precious gift next to your life. Be
strengthened by love understanding and mutual respect for all members of our family.
Thoughts to ponder:
What are the most pressing issues my family faces today?
Have I developed a strong personal conviction and resolve to value the wellbeing and unity of my family
in the midst of growing threats against it?
II. PAGKAMAKA-TAO
• Love
• Freedom
Independence and democracy
• Peace
• Truth
• Justice

A. Love

Love means so much to us simply love is the answer to our many questions during these trying times. It
is by love that you care, respect, accept, forgive and trust. But why is it that our nation has never moved
forward if we all have LOVE within us?
Maybe not all of us ever learned how to live in love which holds us back to love others. This is what the
Almighty God wants you to learn; learn to LOVE. Love entails sacrifice, responsibility and service. Love
binds us together as a nation. Love is the key to our national progress. Let it love be in the beginning the
middle and the end of our history as a nation.
Thoughts to ponder:
Am I a loving student, citizen and person?
How can I demonstrate the value of love to my family friends and community?
How can I be a more loving person to others?
What benefits can I possibly reap from being a loving person?"
B. The good citizenship value of freedom.
“Freedom consists not in doing what we like ,but in having the right to do what we ought” - Pope John
Paul II You value freedom by giving due recognition and respect to your individuality as persons with
human rights and duties. Freedom is never without the virtue of responsibility.
Freedom is the power to act or not to act. God gave out lives, and with that comes the freedom to
choose what you want to make with it. The freedom our nation is enjoying now the fruits of love
hardship and sacrifices of our ancestors. EDSA I and II are examples of events in our history as a nation
that showed how we protected our freedom from tyrant leaders and anarchy. You should practice
freedom with a clear understanding of its limits, with a sense of discipline and chastity which will lead
you to love your fellowmen understand their plight, and do what is good and right while avoiding what is
wrong and evil.
Thoughts to ponder:
As a student in what ways can I demonstrate my commitment to freedom?

C. The good citizenship value of peace

You value peace by doing well for others and for your country living and working together in harmony
and avoiding violence as a way of settling disputes. Peace begins with you. Peace is a God-given gift that
you must nurture by prayer. This can be attained and sustained when you develop a deep consciousness
of your faith in God, concern for your fellowmen loyalty to your country and respect for your
environment.
“peace means serenity of mind simplicity of heart and tranquillity of soul”- St. Augustine You should be a
person of peace a builder of harmony among your fellowmen. You should strive hard to foster the value
of peace in your personal endeavours.
Thought to ponder:
”What do I need to have peace and be able to shun violence"
D. The good citizenship value of truth

The value of truth is living and loving passionately with honesty and sincerity .Truth is important in our
society because it is condition for freedom.
It entails transparency honesty integrity sincerity, courage and humility. The truth also demands
sacrifices and efforts but it is a worthy cause that highlights your own capacity as a person to do well and
live with integrity. You are a person of integrity; let truth strengthen your character by honesty and
responsibility. Honesty should be applied in all your roles in life because the truth will set you free and it
should always prevail.
“There is no truth and no good in lies”
Thought to ponder: Am I a truthful person? Do I recognize the importance of the value of truth in my life
family work and country?
 E. Good citizenship value of justice

You value justice by means of promoting ethical practices that enhance the essence of social justice. It
also means the promotion of a healthy and humane working condition, fair and legal labour practices,
correct use of power, moving purposefully away from graft, corruption and other evils. Justice is
important in our life because it ensures us that our society fosters an atmosphere that respects human
dignity, security, and one that allows every person equal opportunity to pursue posterity, development
and happiness.
Let me share with you a story that will simply show you that justice is giving every man his due. There
was once a poor farmer who would come to town every day in order to supply a baker with homemade
bibingka. In exchange for five pounds of bread for his family. One day, the bakes decided to weigh the
bibingka. He discovered that the bibingka was one pound short. This made the baker very angry, and he
accused the farmer of having cheated him. But the farmer very calmly declared, “you see sir I am poor
and I have no weights at home. So I take the five pounds of bread you give me and use it as a standard.
In this way I am sure of giving you an equal amount of bibingka.
From the story mentioned above reflect on this question: As a citizen, have I done my share in giving my
fellow men their basic share of justice by at least treating them with dignity and being mindful of their
rights as much as I value my own?
III. Pagkamaka-Bayan A. Unity

“The good citizenship value of unity“ if a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot
stand, and if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand”-mark 3:24-25
"When you say unity is a good citizenship value, you mean that all we Filipino citizens are expected
to be one as a people .It also means that YOU: Want your country to be united always. Are able to
think of others as you would of yourselves .Are willing to lend a helping hand to others .Want and
are willing to work for what is the best for your countrymen. The story shows that whether in our
country or organizations, civic or church, we ought to be united, for the devil like the preying lion,
divides and conquers.
“A kingdom divided against itself cannot stand.”
You should put aside division, and agree to work as one this is not easy to do, but it is something you
must do. It is a heroic task. But remember, you, are called to be a hero. This is a time for heroes,
B. The good citizenship value of equality

“There will never be real equality so long as one feels inferior or superior to another” - mahatma ganghi
this value means treating one another with equality and utmost dignity, respect for fellow human
beings, regardless of religion or cultural orientation, sex, social status, race, etc all men are created
equal and have every right to be treated fairly in the interest of love and justice. As good citizens,
you should therefore refrain from making irrational judgments of people; act conscientiously and
decisively to protect each person’s right to equality. This is essential in establishing a community of
happy, loving, caring and peaceful people.
Thoughts to ponder:
What does the value of equality mean to me?
How important is it to me?
Do I treat others with a strong sense of equality?
Am I aware of issues that threaten the value of equality in my community/society?
How do these issues affect me as a person/citizen?
As a concerned citizen, what can I do to ensure that the value of equality is safeguarded and
promoted?
C. Respect for law and government
You should be a law-abiding citizen.
Regardless of who sits at the helm of the government.
Laws and governments are meant to serve our own interests as citizens and not of the interest of the
few, especially those who are in positions of power and authority." Laws and governments are
meant to serve our own interests as citizens and not of the interest of the few, especially those who
are in positions of power and authority. You should seek ways to know the laws more so that you
may be able to follow them with more understanding and also strive hard to appreciate the
government and its functions so that you can contribute to the efforts of improving the lives of your
countrymen. You should not allow your values to be compromised by illegal acts and practices.
Strive to take a critical stand in making a decision to follow laws and appreciate the work of
government.
D. Patriotism
“Tangkilikin ang sariling atin,” :-claro m. recto

Patriotism means that you should be a good citizen ever vigilant for the welfare of your country. It
calls you to be committed to serve the interest of the nation no matter who are seated at the helm
of the government. Patriotism is every person’s sense of duty and responsibility: to contribute to
development of our country, protecting our integrity, and upholding the rights and dignity of our
people. Being proud of our personal and national identity and being responsible voters are some of
the concrete examples on how we cultivate the value of patriotism.

Thoughts to ponder:
As a student. What are some ways in which I can perform simple acts of patriotism?
Do I love my country enough that I am inspired to serve her in any way I can
E. The good citizenship value of common good
“tumulong ka sa ikabubuti ng iyong kakapwaan at paunlarin mo ang iyongkatarungang pangmadla.
Di ka nabubuhayng para sa iyo lamang ni para sa iyong mgaanak. Ikaw ay bahagi ng lipunang
pinagkakautangan mong mga tiayk nasagutin”--- manuel l. quezon
The term common good refers to the sum of the total of goods and social conditions which allow
people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment morefully and more easily. The
common good consists of three elements :Respect for the person as such—his fundamental and
inalienable human rights The social well-being and development of the group itself The peace for
the stability and security of a just order.
The basic value of promotion of the common good clearly brings together other basic values and
illustrates how the basic values are related and reinforce each other, e.g. :faith in Almighty God,
unity, patriotism, work, love, peace and equality. To promote common good is an obligation of every
member of society. It is to share what you have to the other members of society who need your help
most so that their human dignity will be upheld. In doing this, you should be sincere and willing to
be counted in the work of promoting the common good since the government needs all citizens to
join in this mission.
Now are you ready to do your share in promoting the common good?
Have I developed the habit of sharing my blessings with others specially those who are less
fortunate?
 IV. Makakalikasan

Cares for the environment, and utilize resources wisely, judiciously, economically.
Topic: Volunteer Act of 2007 (Republic Act 9418)

I. Title (Section 1)

● This act shall be known and cited as the “Volunteer Act of 2007”.

Declaration of Policy (Section 2)

● It shall be the policy of the State to promote the participation of the various sectors of the
Filipino society, and as necessary, international and foreign volunteer organizations in public and
civic affairs, and adopt and strengthen the practice of volunteerism as a strategy in order to
attain national development and international understanding. The inculcation of volunteerism as
a way of life shall rekindle in every Filipino the time-honored tradition of bayanihan to foster
social justice, solidarity and sustainable development.

Statement of Goals and Objectives (Section 3)

• To provide a policy framework on volunteerism that shall underscore the fundamental principles
necessary to harness and harmonize the broad and diverse efforts of the voluntary sector in the
country into an integrative and effective partnership for local and national development as well
as international cooperation and understanding.
• To provide a conducive and enabling environment for volunteers and volunteer service
organizations by setting mechanism to protect volunteers’ rights and privileges and give due
recognition to highlight their roles and contributions to society; and
• To provide an effective institutional mechanism to strengthen the role of the Philippine National
Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) to perform its mandates and to oversee the
implementation of this Act.

Definition of Terms
• Volunteerism - refers to an act involving a wide range of activities, including traditional forms
of mutual aid and developmental interventions that provides an enabling and empowering
environment both on the part of the beneficiary receiving and the volunteer rendering the act,
undertaken for reasons arising from sociodevelopmental, business or corporate orientation,
commitment or conviction for the attainment of the public good and where monetary and other
incentives or reward are not the primary motivating factors.
• Volunteer - refers to an individual or group who for reasons arising from their
sociodevelopmental, business and corporate orientation, commitment or conviction, contribute
time, service and resources whether on full-time or part-time basis to a just and essential social
development cause, mission or endeavor in the belief that their activity is mutually meaningful
and beneficial to public interest as well as to themselves.

• Volunteer Service Organization - refers to a local or foreign group that recruits, trains,
deploys and supports volunteer workers to programs and projects implemented by them or by
other organizations or any group that provides services and resources, including but not limited
to, information, capability building, advocacy and networking for the attainment of the common
good.
 • Voluntary Sector - refers to those sectors of Philippine society that organizes themselves into
volunteers to take advocacy and action primarily for local and national development as well as
international cooperation and understanding.

Role and Modalities of Volunteerism in the Private Sector

• Volunteerism in the academe includes, but is not limited to, provision of technical assistance and
sharing of technology within the academic circle, target communities and other clienteles and
the upgrading of the quality of education and curriculum methodologies while providing career
enhancement and exposure to the volunteers;
• Volunteerism in the corporate sector as an expression of corporate social responsibility and
citizenship, refers to activities recognized by the company, where employees give their time,
skills and resources in the service of the company’s internal and/or external communities. These
volunteering activities include, but are not limited to, employee giving of material resources to
specific causes; employee-led fund-raising; one-time outreach activities; environmental
campaign; medical and health-related advocacies; knowledge and change management;
scholarship programs; and sharing of expertise, particularly of business and developmental skills
through mentoring, tutoring, training, business, consulting/advising and rendering of pro bono
services on a case-to-case basis; and
• Volunteerism by not-for-profit organizations includes, but is not limited to, provision of
complementary service delivery and human resource development in underserved communities
as well as advocacy and articulation of the cause of the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.

Role and Modalities of Volunteerism by Foreign Volunteer Organizations

(Section 6)
● Volunteerism by foreign volunteer organizations includes, but is not limited to, provision of
technical assistance not locally accessible in priority development areas within the framework of
technical cooperation and sociocultural exchange.

Role and Modalities of Volunteerism by Foreign Volunteer Organizations

(Section 7)
● The government shall coordinate, facilitate and encourage the participation of the voluntary
sector in the promotion, utilization and recognition of volunteerism in national development and
international cooperation. This shall be achieved through the provision of enabling and
conducive environment for volunteer work.

The Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA)

(Section 8)
● The PNVSCA created by Executive Order No. 134, as amended, shall undertake the
implementation and execution of the provisions of this Act.

Mandates of the PNVSCA

• Review and formulate policies and guidelines concerning the national volunteer service program
consistent with national development priorities;
• Coordinate, monitor and evaluate the national volunteer service program in order that volunteer
assistance may fit into the total national development goals;
 • Act as clearing house for matters pertaining to international volunteer services;
• Develop and implement prototypes and models of volunteering for adoption by institutions and
communities;
• Provide technical services and support for capability building of volunteers and volunteer
organizations;
• Undertake advocacy for the promotion and recognition of volunteerism as a tool for
development;
• Establish and maintain a national network of volunteer organizations and serve as liaison
between and among local and foreign governmental private voluntary organizations including
the United Nations Volunteers (UNV); and
• Administer all the PNVSCA funds from all sources including foreign aid in accordance with
accounting and auditing requirements.

The MultiSectoral Advisory Body (MSAB) (Section 10)

• The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA);
• The Department of Education (DepEd);
• The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA);
• The Department of Justice (DOJ);
• The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG);
• The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD);
• The Commission on Higher Education (CHED);
• The Presidential Management Staff (PMS), Office of the President;
• The Representative/s from the corporate sector;
• The Representative/s from the private academe sector; and ● The Representative/s from the
not-for-profit sector.

Functions of the MSAB (Section 11)

• Provide advice in the formulation of policies and guidelines for the national volunteer service
program;

• Provide consultative and technical advisory services on volunteer matters; and

• Serve as a forum to enhance and strengthen linkages between and among volunteer groups and
communities.

Special Provisions (Section 12)

• Establishment of a National Volunteer Infrastructure and Forum. — The PNVSCA shall develop
and establish a system of national registration and networking to improve coordination of
volunteers and volunteer service organizations to widen horizon for sharing and complementing
information, experiences and resources.
• Integration of Volunteerism in the Basic and Higher Education Curriculum. — The DepEd and the
CHED shall integrate volunteerism as part of the curriculum in basic and higher education to
raise the consciousness of the youth and develop the culture of volunteerism among the
citizenry.
• Establishment of Volunteer Program in National Government Agencies and Local Government
Units (LGUs). — National government agencies and LGUs shall establish volunteer programs in
their respective offices to promote and encourage volunteering in government programs and
projects as well as enjoin government employees to render volunteer service in social, economic
 and humanitarian development undertakings in the community.
• Recognition and Incentives to Volunteers. — Government agencies and nongovernment
organizations (NGOs) implementing volunteer programs are encouraged to develop and provide
volunteers recognition and incentive package which may include, but not limited to allowance,
insurance, training and the grant of privileges and status to Filipino overseas volunteers at par
with Filipino overseas workers.
• Visa Privileges for Foreign Volunteers. — Foreign volunteers approved for assignment by the
PNVSCA as well as their legal dependents may be entitled to 47 (a) (2) visa with multiple entry
privileges and corresponding exemption from visa and immigration fees and other related
processing/application fees or charges. Foreign nationals already in the Philippines who have
been approved for volunteer assignment by the PNVSCA may avail of the above visa category
and privileges upon endorsement by the PNVSCA to the DOJ.

Institutional Mechanism for Research, Documentation, Recognition and

Modeling of Best Volunteer Practices (Section 13)
● To carry out the purposes of this Act, an institutional mechanism shall be established, to be
spearheaded and administered by the PNVSCA, for continuing research, documentation,
recognition and modeling of best volunteer practices as an important component of
implementing development programs and projects and undertaking humanitarian activities. For
this purpose, the PNVSCA in consultation with any and all relevant government agencies, NGOs,
private institutions and persons shall effect the setting up of the mechanisms as well as
determine all requirements and, or necessary acts to ensure its effective implementation.

Implementing Rules and Regulations (Section 14)

● The PNVSCA, with advice from the MSAB, shall promulgate the rules and regulations to
effectively implement the provisions of this Act.

Repealing Cause (Section 15)

● All laws, decrees, executive orders and rules and regulations or parts thereof contrary to or
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, including SEC. 12 of Executive Order No. 635 are
hereby deemed repealed or modified accordingly.

Effectivity (Section 16)

● This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following its publication in the Official Gazette
or in at least two newspapers of general circulation.

Conclusion
• The Volunteer Act is not comprehensive to address all the needs of the volunteer community but
it is a first great step and a step in the right direction.
• With the Volunteer Act of 2007, the academe is expected to renew and assume a more dynamic
role, more so in participatory governance and other developmental advocacies as volunteerism
move to higher levels of civic engagements. Let us all welcome this challenge and join hands in
promoting, nurturing, and sustaining the volunteers’ spirit within the academic community.
DRUG MENACE
• The drug menace is ravaging young people and annihilating the future of our generation. What
is most disturbing about the drug problems is that it is preventable; it can be stop and
reversible if concerted efforts are made by all stakeholders to solve it. If we are to achieve a
future of peace, justice and equity, one of the fundamentals imperatives is for us to address the
international drug problems and to reduce its impact on the mental health and social values
of the future generations.
• Drug abuse is a global issue that affects almost all countries and regions of the world. The
patterns and methods may vary, but the same effects on individuals and societies can be seen
in all cases. Young people are especially more vulnerable to the drug abuses.
WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?
The use of chemical substance, forbidden or not forbidden, which
results in an individual’s Physical, mental or social impairment
• Using, without benefit or prescription, useful drugs which have the capacity to alter moods.
• Using drugs and substances having no legitimate medical application for
purpose other than research.
• Using drugs and substances for a purpose different from the one for which the drug has been
prescribe.
• There are varieties of reasons that may motivate people to take drugs. The most prevalent from
of influence is peer pressure.
• If one has friends who are drug users, it is most likely that the negative influence will spread to
the circle of friendship. Friends and acquaintances have the greatest influence during
adolescence.
WHAT OTHER FACTORS INCREASE THE RISK OF ADDICTION?
• Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, research show that the earlier a person
begins to use drugs the more serious abuse. This may reflect the harmful effect that drugs can
have on the developing brain; it also may result from a constellation of early biological and
social vulnerability factors, including genetic susceptibility, mental illness, unstable family
relationship, and exposure to physical or sexual abuse.
COMMON TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS
• ALCOHOL is perhaps the most widely-used drug of all time. The active ingredient in alcohol
beverages, ethanol, is actually a psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect, and it has been
altering the minds of countless drinkers for thousand of years. There are three general classes
of alcohol drinks namely, beers, wines, and spirits, etc.
• BENZODIAZEPINES are sedative-hypnotic agents that are commonly used for seizure control,
anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, insomnia, control of drug-associated agitation, as muscle relaxants,
as preanesthetic agents, and a variety of other situation. Often referred to as “benzos”, these
drugs are also frequently combined with other medications for procedural sedation.
• STIMULANTS are agents that activate, enhance, or increase activity of the central nervous
system. They include amphetamines and synthetic appetite suppressants such as
phenmetrazine or methylphenidate. Stimulants can give rise to symptoms suggestive of
intoxication, including tachycardia, papillary dilation, elevated blood pressure and nausea or
vomiting.
 • HALLUCINOGENS are chemically diverse and produce profound mental changes and result in
euphoria, anxiety, sensory distortion, vivid hallucination, delusion, paranoia and depression.
They include mescaline and LSD. Hallucinogens are the drugs that make you feel like you are
seeing things that aren’t really there. They play tricks on your mind.
TYPES AND EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• ALCOHOL are found in drinks like beer, wine, cider, spirits, whiskey, etc. it is produced by
fermentation or distilling various fruits, vegetables or grains.
• Alcohol affects every part of the body. It is carried through the bloodstream to the brain,
stomach, internal organs, liver, kidney, muscles, pretty much everywhere; it is absorbed very
quickly and can stay in the body for several hours.
• The usage of alcohols brings the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis,
hemorrhagic stroke, and certain forms of cancer or even overdose.
• CLUB DRUGS are being used by young adults at parties, night clubs, dance clubs or bars. Some
of the known club drugs are Ecstasy, GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine methamphetamine and LSD.
• Club Drugs are Ecstasy, GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine methamphetamine and LSD.
All of them can cause serious health problem or in some cases even death, especially when
combined with alcohol.
• COCAINE is a powerful addictive drug. It can be taken through sniffing or snorting, injecting and
smoking. Once someone start taking cocaine, he/she can never predict or control the use of it.
• Cocaine causes tremors, headaches, hypertension and increased heart-rate. Long term effect
include nausea, insomnia, loss of weight, and depression. Where as excessive doses may lead
to convulsions, seizure, strokes, heart failure or panic attacks.
• ECSTASY is a synthetic, psychoactive drug with hallucinogenic and amphetamine as it
properties. Ecstasy people trust each other and can break barriers between therapist and
patients, lovers and family members.
• The usage of ecstasy can cause the same affects as cocaine and amphetamines, such as
depression, sleep problem , drug craving, severe anxiety, paranoia, etc. The most common cause
of Ecstasy- related death is overheating (hyperthermia).
• In a worst-case scenario, the body can reach extreme temperatures (41-42) degrees Celsius. A
severe heatstroke which causes unpredictable and often medically-untreatable problems,
including unstoppable bleeding, liver and kidney failure and ultimately death.
• HEROIN is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed-
pod of the Asian poppy plant. It can either be smoke or snort. Data shows that heroin is one of
the strongest drugs and was the top-ranking drug among drugs related deaths in the world.
• Heroin usage initially results in nausea, slow respiration, dry skin, itching, slow speech and
reflexes. Over a long period of time there is a serious risk of developing physical and
psychological dependence, which can results in acute overdose and even death due to
respiratory depression.
• KETAMINE is a powerful hallucinogen widely used as an tranquilizer by veterinarians. The “high”
effect can last for 2 hours and during this period of time, the user, have lost sense of time,
sense and identity. The drug is usually snorted but sometimes sprinkled on tobacco or
marijuana and smoked.
• Ketamine can result in profound physical and mental problem such as delirium, amnesia,
impaired motor function and potentially fatal respiratory problems.
• MARIJUANA is usually smoke as a cigarette or joint, either in a pipe or bong. Some people mix
marijuana with alcohol, food or use it to brew tea. Marijuana is a mind- altering drug and is
considered a hallucinogen if taken in large amount.
• Effects of the marijuana vary from the brain to the lungs. The usage of marijuana affects the
 memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, loss of
coordination and increase heart rate, anxiety and panic attack.
• METHAMPHETAMINE is an addictive stimulant drug that strongly activates certain system in the
brain. It looks like a clear chunky crystal resembling ice which can be inhaled by smoking.
• The usage of methamphetamine causes wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased
appetite, increased respiration, hyperthermia and euphoria.
• TOBACCO or the main drug in it is called nicotine. Nicotine is one of the most heavily used
addictive drugs in the world. Cigarettes and other types of tobaccos such as cigar, pipe tobacco
and chewing tobacco are addictive.
• Nicotine acts as a stimulant and a sedative to the central nervous system. The smoking of
nicotine exposes users to high expectancy rate of lung cancer, emphysema and bronchial
disorder and it increases the chance of cardiovascular diseases.
WHY DO YOUTH TAKE DRUGS?
• Youth today are exposed to a wide of social misfortune. In the globalizing world, young people
are more at risk than at any other time. The existence of extensive international drug marketers
is among the key factors. Young people are led to believe that they can find solution to their
problems by simply ingesting the drugs.
NATIONAL DRUG SITUATION
INTRODUCTION
• The persisting drug problem worldwide goes beyond borders. Transnational drug syndicates
have found a way to link up with each other and pose an even greater danger to law enforce
globally. The Philippines is not spared of this global menace, we have our share of this quandary
and we take seriously the challenge set forth before us
MAJOR TYPES OF DRUGS
• Amphetamine Type Stimulant (ATS)
• Shabu
• Ecstasy
• Cannabis or Marijuana
DRUG ROUTES AND TRAFFICKING ENTRY POINTS
• Mall and Parcel Services
• Airports
• Philippine Coastlines
• Seaports
Dominant Drugs in the Philippines Market
• Drug user profile that majority of drugs dependents in the country are poly-drug users or users
who use several types of illegal drugs. More often than that not, the abuse is done mainly for
pleasure. There are also cases where illegal drugs are used by individuals to cope with the
demands of their work
Drug Trafficking Trends
• Illegal drug trafficking is the most prevalent and by far the most pervasive illegal activity in the
Philippines.
• Drug traffickers never cease to find various ways to hide their illegal transaction. Bank to Bank
transaction or wireless transfer is the preferred mode of payment.
• African Drug Syndicates (ADS) continuously utilize displaced (OFW’s) and willing individuals who
 posed as tourist to be couriers of illegal drugs.
New Trends in Illegal Drug Activities
• “Poppers” a kind of inhalant, and substances such as mephentermine.
• Drug syndicates in their drug trafficking act. Use of chemicals is not listed dangerous drugs to
produce amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) such as methylephedrine and sodium hydroxide.
Drug Routes
• Drug syndicates are taking advantage of the country’s vast and porous coastlines for smuggling
activities. Similarly airports, seaports, and free ports/economic zones are also being utilized as
transshipment and drop-off points of illegal drugs that are smuggled into the country.
Drug Syndicates
Two identified transnational drug groups operating in thePhilippines.
African Drug Syndicate
• African Drug Syndicate (ADS) is dominated by African nationals who facilitate the smuggling of
dangerous drugs into local country for local distribution. They usually use human drug couriers
who will smuggle drugs into a country of destination in exchange for a huge amount of money.
Based on the records of the Task Force Drug Couriers (TFDC) ADS usually employ women as
couriers.
Chinese/Filipino-Chinese Drug Syndicates
• Chinese/Filipino-Chinese Drug Syndicates dominate the country’s illegal drug trade by
undertaking bulk smuggling and manufacturing of illegal drugs. Bulk smuggling and
manufacturing activities ensure the abundant supply of illegal drugs in the market. Usually, their
activities are largely concentrated within their group, with the inclusion of very few and well-
selected locals.

DRUG EDUCATION
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
• AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
ADMINISTER.
• – Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without
his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing any act
of indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself
unless administered by a duly licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
BOARD.
• Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Section 77, Article IX of this Act.
CENTERS.
• Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug dependents referred to in Section 34,
 Article VIII of this Act.
CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS.
– Include those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs
and Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex, which is an integral part of this Act.
CULTIVATE OR CULTURE.
• Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of
any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
DANGEROUS DRUGS.
• Include those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,
as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention
on Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex which is an integral part of
this Act.
DELIVER.
• Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any
means, with or without consideration.
DEN, DIVE OR RESORT.
• A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.
DISPENSE.
• Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without
the use of prescription.
DRUG DEPENDENCE.
• As based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral
and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a
high priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take
the substance and the difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.
EMPLOYEE OF DEN, DIVE OR RESORT.
• The caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or resort,
employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used
without compensation in connection with the operation thereof.
FINANCIER.
• Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or
underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under this Act.
INSTRUMENT.
• Any thing that is used in or intended to be used in any manner in the commission of illegal drug
 trafficking or related offenses.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT.
• The paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or appliances when used, intended for use or designed
for use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors, separatory
funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas generator, or their substitute.
MANUFACTURE.
• The production, preparation, compounding or processing of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, either directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a
combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and shall include any packaging or
repackaging of such substances, design or configuration of its form, or labeling or relabeling of
its container; except that such terms do not include the preparation, compounding, packaging
or labeling of a drug or other substances by a duly authorized practitioner as an incident to
his/her administration or dispensation of such drug or substance in the course of his/her
professional practice including research, teaching and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or
such substances that are not intended for sale or for any other purpose.
CANNABIS OR COMMONLY KNOWN AS "MARIJUANA" OR "INDIAN HEMP" OR BY ITS ANY OTHER
NAME.
• Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L. including, but not
limited to, Cannabis americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces
every kind, class and character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering or
fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the plant and seeds thereof, and all its geographic
varieties, whether as a reefer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.
METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) OR COMMONLY KNOWN AS "ECSTASY", OR BY ITS
ANY OTHER NAME.
• Refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives
in any form.
• Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth", or by its any
other name.
PDEA.
• Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under Section 82, Article IX of this Act.
PERSON.
• Any entity, natural or juridical, including among others, a corporation, partnership, trust or
estate, joint stock company, association, syndicate, joint venture or other unincorporated
organization or group capable of acquiring rights or entering into obligations.
PROTECTOR/CODDLER.
• Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act
and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating
the escape of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects,
 has violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction
of the violator.
PUSHER.
• Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any
terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who
acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in violation of this Act.
TRADING.
• Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text messages, email,
mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a
broker in any of such transactions whether for money or any other consideration in violation of
this Act.
USE.
• Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the physiological
system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
Section 2. Classification of Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
(1) Each of the drugs classified as scheduled dangerous drugs, appears under its international non-
proprietary name or, lacking such a name, under its scientific name. Dangerous drugs and their
preparations may also appear under their generic and common trade names. Dangerous drugs and
their preparations introduced in the Philippines for medical, dental, veterinary practice use and
research purposes shall be registered with the Food and Drugs Administration.
(2)All substances classified by the Board as a dangerous drug pursuant to Section 93 of the Act, for
domestic control, shall likewise be categorized under the Philippine Schedule 5.
(3)Each of the chemicals classified as Table I, Table II and Table III controlled precursor and essential
chemical appears under its chemical name and its Chemical Abstract Service Number, other names or
synonyms of the chemical or commercial name or common trade names. Drugs containing a controlled
chemical introduced in the Philippines for medical, dental, veterinary, and research purposes shall be
registered with the Food and Drugs Administration.

UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES of Article II

Who are penalized by the anti-drug law?
• USER
• PUSHER
• POSSESSOR
• CULTIVATOR
• IMPORTER
• MANUFACTURER
• FINANCIER
• PROTECTOR/CODDLER
Section 6 Maintenance of Den, Dive or Resort
Penalty:
• Life imprisonment to death + P500k to P10M fine for DD
• 12 years & 1 day to 20 years + P100k to P500k fine for CPECs and for “the protector/coddler”
Section 7 Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort
Penalty:
• Imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day to 20 years + fine P100k to P500k
Section 11 Possession of Dangerous Drugs (Actual and/or Constructive)
NOTE: Regardless of the degree of purity
Penalty:
✧ Life imprisonment to death + P500k to P10M fine
• 10 grams or more of opium;
• 10 grams or more of morphine;
• 10 grams or more of heroin;
• 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
• 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”;
• 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
• 7) 500 grams or more of marijuana;
• 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA) or “ecstasy”,
paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine
(LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and those similarly designed ornewly introduced drugs
and their derivatives,
✧ Life imprisonment + fine of P400k to P500k
1) 10 grams or more but less than 50 grams of shabu
✧ 20 years & 1 day to life imprisonment + P400k to P500k fine
• 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of shabu, etc.
• 300 grams or more but less than 500 grams of marijuana
✧ Imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day to 20 years + P300k to P400k fine
• Less than 5 grams of shabu, etc.
• Less than 300 grams of marijuana
Section 12 Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous
Drugs
Penalty:
✧ Imprisonment of 6 months & 1 day to 4 years + P10k to P50k fine
NOTE: Possession of equipment, etc. is prima facie proof that possessor has used dangerous
drugs and shall be presumed to have violated Section 15 of this Act.
Section 13 Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings
Penalty:
✧ Maximum penalties provided for in Section 11 of this Act
NOTE: Regardless of the quantity and purity
Section 14 Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous
Drugs Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings.
Penalty:
✧ Maximum penalty provided for in Section 12 of this Act
Section 15 Use of Dangerous Drugs
Penalty:
1St Offense – Minimum of 6 months rehabilitation
2Nd Offense – Imprisonment of 6 years & 1 day to 12 years + 50k to 200k fine
Section 5 Sale Trading Administration Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution, Transportation
Penalty:
✧ Life imprisonment to death + P500k to P10M fine for DD
✧ Imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day to 20 years + P100k to P500k fine for CPECs and for the
“protector/coddler”
NOTE: Regardless of the quantity and purity
Section 16 Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof
Penalty:
✧ Life imprisonment to death + P500k to P10M fine
✧ Imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day to 20 years + P100k to P500k fine for the “protector/coddler”
WHY SHOULD WE AVOID DANGEROUS DRUGS
• Illegal – Prohibited by law (RA 9165)
• Health – Damages our brain and body
• Psycho-social – Destroys one’s behavior and causes one to commit crime
• Spiritual – Against the will of God
What is Controlled Substance?
• Controlled substance
- is an illegal drug that can have a detrimental effect on a person's health and welfare. As a
result, federal and state governments have seen fit to regulate these substances. A person
 caught possessing a controlled substance can be fined and held in prison by local, state, and
federal law enforcement.
Controlled Substance Schedules: Which Drugs Can I Legally Possess?
• Schedule I – These substances have no accepted medical use, are unsafe, and hold a high
potential for abuse. Examples include heroin, LSD, marijuana, peyote, and ecstasy.
• Schedule II – These narcotics and stimulants have a high potential for abuse and
engender severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples include Dilaudid,
hydrocodone, methadone, Demerol, OxyContin, Percocet, morphine, opium, codeine,
amphetamine (Dexedrine, Adderall), and methamphetamine
• Schedule III – These are substances that have less potential for abuse but can still lead to
moderate or low physical dependence and high psychological dependence. They include Tylenol
with Codeine, Suboxone, Ketamine, and anabolic steroids.
• Schedule IV – These substances have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs, and
include Xanax, Soma, Klonopin, Valium, Ativan, Versed, Restoril, and Halcion.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH ON THE DRUG DETECTION AND PREVENTION
• There is a need for youth participation in the drug prevention and rehabilitation efforts as
drug abuse and addiction is an increasing trend in younger generation.
• Young people or organizations are assets to the community who can help alleviate or
eradicate the possibility of drug abuse.
• Whether individually or as a group, the youth is a good driving force that could shape the
drug abuse prevention initiative of the country.
• It is imperative to include the youth in the drug prevention for they know their needs better
than anyone else.
• With active youth involvement, young people are better protected, better outcomes are
achieved, innovative approaches are realized, decisions are more applicable to youth needs
and young people improve upon important skills such as communication and cooperation.
• Participation also builds character and confidence when young people feel needed and
appreciated.
How can one stop the addiction to lead a normal peaceful life?
• Half the problem is resolved when one shows the desire to give up addictions.
Support might come from:
• Family members
• Friends
• Doctor/counsellors
• People who had the same problem but recovered
Support might come from:
Family members
• Be involved and open with your family member
• It is very important to maintain your communication and connection with them
• Family involvement can help you handle temptations to use alcohol, cigarettes and drugs that
you might encounter.
How’s your relationship with your family?
Support might come from:
• Friends
• Now, think of your friend.
• Think of the activities that you do together.
• Are these activities beneficial to you or not?
• What kind of friends do you have?
• Young individuals most likely try using drugs when they are around with their peers who take
drugs.
• Peer pressure; but with the right kind of friends, it’s most likely that you will not encounter
such.
• Our friends can have the greatest influence in our choices, the way we think and in our
activities.
• Choose your friends!
Ways on How The Youth Can Prevent Drug Abuse
1. Awareness
• Be aware of the concept and reality of drug abuse.
• Research more on the effects of drug addiction on your physical and mental health. You will
gain knowledge that will help you decide about this matter in the future.
• Understanding the concept of drug addiction can help in avoiding it and watching out for
others.
2. LISTEN
• Pay attention to the experiences of others who have undergone the abuse and open up
your mind with the knowledge of the experts.
• Hear the stories and absorb their lessons by heart.
3. SHARE
• Share what you have learned!
• Talk and discuss the information that you have gained about drugs, drug addiction and its
effects to your classmates and friends!
• Share your knowledge and network in aiding others towards being informed and
recognizing their role in drug prevention.
• Be concerned and responsible. Be an agent of drug usage prevention.
4. ENCOURAGE
• Give your peers and family members a good push in the right condition whether its
prevention or rehabilitation.
5. SUPPORT
• Participate in activities beneficial in the drug abuse prevention initiative. Add your presence
to the growing force tackling this issue.
• Get involved in other activities like varsity teams, extra-curricular organizations to keep you
busy while at the same time develop your personality, talents and skills!
6. ORGANIZE
 • Drug addiction may be caused due to the feelings of isolation, loneliness, anxiety and etc.
Hence, social service organizations, and NGOs should establish youth centers to overcome
such feelings.
• Great minds think a like. Having a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to combine efforts and
sources to create a bigger impact about the concern.
7. INFORM
• Approached appropriate government agencies regarding incidents and cases of drug abuse.
HOW CAN YOU STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS?
• Devote yourself to your studies and other productive activities at home or in school
• Stay away from people, places and events that promote drug use
• Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using drugs
• Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
• Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
• Always say NO TO DRUGS!
Water Pollution
Overview
Types of Water Pollution
Water pollution
• Any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects the health of humans and other
organisms
• Varies in magnitude by location
Major water pollution issue globally
• Lack of disease-free water
Eight categories
• Sewage, disease-causing agents, sediment pollution, inorganic plant and algal nutrients, organic
compounds, inorganic chemicals, radioactive substances, and thermal pollution
Sewage
• The release of wastewater from drains or sewers
-Includes human wastes, soaps, and detergents
• Causes 2 serious environmental problems:
• Enrichment
• Fertilization of a body of water by high levels of plant andalgal nutrients (nitrogen and
phosphorus)
• Increase in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
- Amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to decompose biological wastes
-As BOD increases Dissolve Oxygen (DO) decreases
Sewage- Eutrophication
Oligotrophic
 • Unenriched, clear water that supports small populations of aquatic organisms
Eutrophic-
• Slow-flowing stream, lake or estuary enriched by inorganic plant and algal nutrients such as
phosphorus
• Often due to fertilizer or sewage runoff
Disease-causing Agents
• Infectious organisms that cause diseases
-Originate in the wastes of infected individuals
• Common bacterial or viral diseases:-Typhoid, cholera, bacterial dysentery, polio, and infectious
hepatitis

• Monitored by testing for presence of E. coli in the water via a fecal coliform test
-Indicates the presence of pathogenic organism
Sediment Pollution
• Excessive amounts of suspended soil particles
-Originates from erosion of agricultural lands, forest soils exposed by logging, degraded stream
banks, overgrazed rangelands, strip mines, and construction
• Problems
-Limits light penetration
-Covers aquatic animals and plants
-Brings insoluble toxins into waterways
Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
• Chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus that stimulate the growth of plants and algae
-Harmful in large concentrations
• Sources:
-Human and animal wastes, plant residues, atmospheric deposition, and fertilizer runoff
• Causes:
-Enrichment, bad odors, and a high BOD
Organic Compounds
• Chemicals that contain carbon atoms
-Natural examples: sugars, amino acids, and oils
-Human-made examples: pesticides, solvents, industrial chemicals, and plastics
Inorganic Chemicals
• Contaminants that contain elements other than carbon
-Examples: acids, salts, and heavy metals
• Do not degrade easily
• Lead
-Found in old paint, industrial pollutants, leaded gasoline
• Mercury
-Mercury bioaccumulates in the muscles of top predators of the open ocean
Radioactive Substances
 • Contain atoms of unstable isotopes that spontaneously emit radiation
• Sources
-Mining
-Processing radioactive materials
-Nuclear power plants
-Natural sources
Thermal Pollution
• Occurs when heated water produced during industrial processes is released into waterways
• Organisms affected
-Temperature affects reproductive cycles, digestion rates, and respiration rates
-Warm water holds less DO than cold water
Water Quality Today
Two Types of Water Pollution
• Point Source Pollution
-water pollution that can be traced to a specific origin
-Discharge via pipes, sewage, and ditches
• Non-point Source Pollution
-Pollutants that enter bodies of water over large areas rather than being concentrated at a
single point of entry
-Diffuse, but its cumulative effect is very large
-Ex: runoff from agricultural fields or parking lots
Water Pollution from Agriculture
• Agriculture is leading source of water pollution in US
-Animal wastes and plants residues have high BOD
-Chemical pesticides can leach into groundwater
• Almost all streams and rivers are polluted with agricultural pesticides
Industrial Wastes in Water
• Different industries generate different pollutants
-Food processing plants- high BOD
-Paper mills- High BOD and toxic compounds
• Many industries recover toxins before they go into the waste stream
Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
-10,000 oil wells tap lake bottom
-Leak oil into lake
-Agricultural wastes from local fields
-Unit recently raw human waste polluted the lake
• Po River, Italy
-Similar to Mississippi River
-Pollutants: Sewage, industrial wastes, sediment
>16 million Italians depend on the river for drinking water
-Pollution is high
-Swimming and fishing prohibited
 -Cleanup will require a national management plan and may take decades
• Ganges River, India
-Used for bathing and washing clothing
-Sewage and industrial waste discharged into river
-Ganga Action Plan initiated by government
-Construction of 29 sewage
-treatment plants
Improving Water Quality- Purification of Drinking Water
• In US most municipal water supplies are treated
• Collected from water or reservoir
• Treated
• Treated water distributed to customers
• Sewer lines bring sewage to treatment plant
• Sewage treated at sewage treatment plant
Purification of Drinking Water
• Chlorine Dilemma
-Chlorine kills disease causing organisms
-Chlorine byproducts are linked to numerous cancers, miscarriages and birth defects
-Peru stopped using chlorine
-1991- huge cholera epidemic that infected 300,000 people
• Fluoridation
-Prevents tooth decay
-Linked to cancer, kidney disease
Municipal Sewage Treatment
• Primary treatment
-Removing suspended and floating particles by mechanical processes
• Secondary treatment
-Treating wastewater biologically to decompose suspended organic material; reduces BOD
• Sewage Sludge
-Solids remaining after primary and secondary sewage treatment has been completed
• Tertiary treatment
-Advanced wastewater treatment methods that are sometimes employed after primary and
secondary treatments
-Reduce phosphorus and nitrogen
Laws Controlling Water Pollution
• Citizen Watchdogs to Monitor Pollution
• Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)
-Set uniform federal standards for drinking water
-Maximum contaminant level
• Clean Water Act (1972)
-EPA sets up and monitors National Emissions Limitations
-Effectively improved water quality from point sources
Laws that Protect Groundwater
 • Safe Drinking Water Act
• Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act
What is a Forest?
• Forest – arise from the Latin words foris (outdoors) and forestis (unenclosed open ground or
woods).
• a community dominated by dense extensive tree cover
• Definition by DENR Memorandum Circular 2005-05
-A land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking
level) of more than 10 percent
• An ecosystem with a dense and extensive tree cover that varies by species composition,
structure, age class, associated processes, and commonly include meadows, streams, fish and
wildlife (Helms, 1998)
TERMS TO KNOW
• Forest Protection is that part of Silviculture which deals with the safeguarding, protecting, or
caring of the forest resources from various injurious agencies, forces, or practices
• Silviculture – the art and science of tending and caring the forest
• Afforestation- Planting trees in areas where there were none before.
• Climate change- an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere brought by
global warming
• Reforestation - The process of reestablishing a forest on previously cleared land
• Endemic – Native or confined naturally on a particular, usually restricted, area or region;
biologically a relic of once wide-distribution.
• Exotic species – plants introduced from a foreign; plants grown outside its natural range.
• Tree – a woody plant having a well-defined stem, more or less definitely formed crown and
usually attaining a height of at least 10 feet.
• Vegetation - All the plant life in a particular region or period
• Watershed - the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area
characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet
Forest Protection, Conservation and Development
• The holistic management system of natural resources that occur on land in association with
flora/fauna and other forest components
• Providing sustainable development for human benefit (the environmental goods and services)
State of World Forests 2020 (FAO)
• Between 2015 and 2020, the rate of deforestation was estimated at 10 M hectares per year
• Primary forest worldwide has decreased by over 80 million hectares since 1990
Philippine forest cover
• There is a declining trend when it comes to the available forest cover.
Impacts of Forest Loss
• Contributes to the climate change, severe drought, occurrences of super typhoons
• Increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• Occurrences of soil erosion and land slide
• Loss of habitat and extinction of wildlife
 • Flash floods in urban areas
• Reduce land productivity leads to fewer crop and food scarcity
• Social conflict
The Role of Forests in 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;
2) achieve universal primary education;
3) promote gender equality and empower women;
4) reduce child mortality;
5) improve maternal health;
6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases;
7) ensure environmental sustainability,
8) develop a global partnership for development.
• Goal 1
-Forests maintain land productivity and the provision of water resources to agricultural systems thus
contributing to food production and food security;
-They provide wood and non-wood forest products, income and employment to millions of people.
• Goal 7
-They protect biological diversity;
-Maintain and provide clean and reliable water resources to urban and rural population;
-Conserve soils, protect against flooding, enable carbon sequestration to protect the atmosphere and
protect coastal and marine resources.
Forest Protects and Conserves the Soil
• Upholds the cycling and recycling of nutrients in the soil.
• Roots hold the soil and water particles which reduce the incidence of run-off and
sedimentation.
• Reduced evaporation of stored water, thus maintaining the soil’s water-holding capacity and
keeping it suitable for plant growth.
Forest Protects the Watershed Areas
• Forests are natural reservoirs which receive water through rainfall and store clean underground
water.
• They can be used for hydroelectric power generation, for commercial, industrial, and domestic
purposes.
Forest Prevents Flood and Continued Alteration of Local Climate
• Forests absorbs great amounts of rainwater which mitigate the negative impacts of flooding.
• Removal of forest results in flash floods during the rainy season and drought during the dry
season.
Forest Provides Habitat For Wildlife
• Forests are the homes of great number of wildlife species.
• Ecosystem processes related to food chain and food web.
• The rapid disappearance of forest animals is due to the indiscriminate destruction of their
habitat.
Forest Fights Pollution
• The leaves of plants trap dust particles and other air pollutants
• Minimizes noise from public vehicles
• Provide as carbon sink and give off oxygen for animals
Forest Serves As Source of Important Medicine
• Some of the forest plants can heal common disorders and diseases
• Less expensive than commercialized medicines
• Ingredients for production of synthetic medicines (Lagundi, Moringa, Cinchona, Banaba, Nito,
and etc.)
Policy Thrusts In Protecting and Conserving Forest and Natural Resources PH
• Republic Act (RA) 8749
-Known as “Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”
-An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes.
-Chapter 6: Fines and Penalties
• RA 9275
-Known as “Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004”
-Provision of protection, preservation and revival of the quality of fresh, brackish and marine
waters.
-Chapter 5: Civil liability/Penal provisions
• RA 9003
-known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”
-An act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing
penalties, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes
-Chapter 6: Penal Provisions
• RA 7586
-Known as the “National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992”
-An act providing for the establishment and management of national integrated protected
areas system, defining its scope and coverage, and for other purposes
• RA 9147
-known as the “Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act”
-An act providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and their habitats,
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes
-Chapter 5: Fines and Penalties
• DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2017-11
-Updated national list of threatened Philippine Plants and their categories
-Section 9: Illegal Acts (unauthorized collection)
• DAO 2019-09
-Updated national list of threatened Philippine Fauna and their categories
-Section 9: Illegal Acts (unauthorized collection)
 • RA 9175
-known as the “Chain Saw Act of 2002”
-An act regulating the ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chain saws,
penalizing violations thereof and for other purposes
-Section 7: Penal Provisions
• RA 7076
-Known as the "People's Small-scale Mining Act of 1991”
-An act creating a people's small-scale mining program and for other purposes
-Section 27: Penal Sanction
Roles of Youth in Environmental Protection and Management
• Youth means a person with aged 15 – 30 years old (RA 8044)
• Young people constitute a large part of the population.
• Youth are the backbone of the nation.
• They live longer with environmental consequences than elders.
• They can play an active role in protecting and improving the environment.
Contribute to Environmental Protection and Management
At your home;
• Close running tap water when not needed.
• Turn off lights and saving electricity as much as possible.
• Discourage single-use plastics.
• Use eco-friendly bags, food and water containers, etc.
• Segregating solid waste from biodegradable to recycling material
• Recycling paper, plastics, glass and metals for local junk shop to be utilized.
• Creation of compost pits for biodegradable materials.
• Avoid burning of litters, trash and other combustible substances.
• Discourage illegal collection of forest animals and plants.
• Minimize the utilization of combustion engine vehicles.
At your school or institution;
• Extension programs and volunteerism in community development
• Cleanup drive and bayanihan
• Join information drives in promoting environmental dates
Environmental Dates
• World Wildlife Day – March 3
• International Day of Action for Rivers – March 14
• International Day of Forests – March 21
• World Water Day - March 22
• Earth Day – April 22
• International Day for Biodiversity – May 22
• Environmental Month - June
• World Environment Day – June 5
• World Oceans day – June 8
• International Climate Change Day – June 21
• World Rainforest Day – June 22
• World Habitat Day – 1st Monday of October
• World Animal Day – October 4
• World Food Day – October 16
Nursery Establishment
• Forest Nursery - An area where young forest trees and other plants are grown for planting.
• Place for raising good young trees, which are then planted out where they are to grow.
• Youth can develop a small forest nursery which can be done by group or by individual.
• Providing man-power to an existing forest nursery could be a good help.
Things to be considered:
• Seeds and Water Supply
• Size and Ownership of the area
• Location
• Accessibility
• Topography
• Ground cover
• Soil Condition
Tree Planting and Growing
• › If you have healthy and vigour seedlings already, you may now do tree planting and growing
to the designated area.
• › Remember to remove the polyethylene or plastic bags to enable fast growth.
• › Make sure to provide enough hole for the seedling and cover it with soil.
• Do tree brushing and weeding when needed.
• This enable the tree seedlings to avoid nutrient competition with unnecessary plants.
Proper Disposal of Solid Waste
• Waste management includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal.
• collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation
of the waste management process
Benefits of Proper Waste Disposal
• Recyclable materials can be converted to cash which provide income and employment
• Reduce infestations of pests
• Reduce risks to overall health
• Reduces the size of our landfills
• It also help conserve and protect the surrounding environment
Policy Thrusts Involving Youth in Environmental Conservation and Development
• RA 9163 - National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001
-Section 3. (d)
-“Civic Welfare Training Service” refers to programs or activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of
its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry
• RA 8044 known as “Youth Nation-Building Act”
 -Section 2.c
-Encouragement of youth involvement in character-building and development activities for
civic-efficiency, stewardship of natural resources, agricultural and industrial productivity, and
an understanding of world economic commitments on tariffs an trade and participation in
structures for policy-making and program implementation to reduce the incidence of poverty
and accelerate socio-economic development;
• Executive Order 23, s. 2011 – National Greening Program
-Section 3.1.1
-All students, identified by the DepEd and CHED and all government employees shall be
individually required to plant a minimum of ten (10) seedlings per year in areas determined by
the Convergence Initiative.
-Private sectors and civil society groups shall likewise be encouraged to participate in the NGP.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
GLOBAL WARMING
• Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general increase in
average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather balances and ecosystems for a
long time. It is directly linked to the increase of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening
the greenhouse effect.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
1. On biodiversity
The increase of temperatures and the climate upheavals disturb the ecosystems, modify the conditions
and cycles of plant reproduction. The scarcity of resources and climate change are changing life habits
and migratory cycles of animals.
2. On oceans
Because of global warming, permafrost and ice are melting massively at the poles, increasing the sea
level at a rate never known before. In a century, the increase reached 18 cm (including 6 cm in the last
20 years). The worst case scenario is a rise of up to 1m by 2100.
3. On humans
Human beings are not spared by these upheavals. Climate change is affecting the global economy. It is
already shaking up social, health and geopolitical balances in many parts of the world. The scarcity of
resources like food and energy gives rise to new conflicts.
4. On the weather
Meteorologists and climatologists around the world have been watching the effects of global warming
on the weather phenomena. And the impact is huge: more droughts and heatwaves, more
precipitations, more natural disasters like floods, hurricanes, storms and wildfires, frost-free season, etc.
GLOBAL WARMING PREVENTION
1. Renewable Energies
The first way to prevent climate change is to move away from fossil fuels. What are the alternatives?
Renewable energies like solar, wind, biomass and geothermal ꓸ
2. Energy & Water Efficiency
Producing clean energy is essential, but reducing our consumption of energy and water by using more
efficient devices (e.g. LED light bulbs, innovative shower systems) is less costly and equally important.
3. Sustainable Transportation
Promoting public transportation, carpooling, but also electric and hydrogen mobility, can definitely help
reduce CO2 emissions and thus fight global warming.
4. Sustainable Infrastructure
In order to reduce the CO2 emissions from buildings - caused by heating, air conditioning, hot water or
lighting - it is necessary both to build new low energy buildings, and to renovate the existing
constructions.
5. Sustainable Agriculture & Forest Management
Encouraging better use of natural resources, stopping massive deforestation as well as making
agriculture greener and more efficient should also be a priority.
6 . Responsible Consumption & Recycling
Adopting responsible consumption habits is crucial, be it regarding food (particularly meat), clothing,
cosmetics or cleaning products. Last but not least, recycling is an absolute necessity for dealing with
waste.
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate change is the global phenomenon of climate transformation characterized by the
changes in the usual climate of the planet ( regarding temperature, precipitation, and wind) that
are especially caused by human activities ꓸ As a result of unbalancing the weather of Earth, the
sustainability of the planet's ecosystems in under threat, as well as the future of humankind ꓸ
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• Temperatures will continue to rise
• Frost - free season (and Growing Season) will lengthen
• Changes in precipitation patterns
• More droughts and heat waves
• Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense
• Sea level will rise 1 -8 feet by 2100
• Arctic likely to become ice-free
IMPACT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• Hotter and Drier Summers
• Less snowpack in the mountain
• More river flooding
• Wild fires
• More heavy rains
• Rising sea levels
 • Extreme weather
HEALTH IMPACT
• Health changes in environment harms people's health
• Bad Air Quality hotter summers can make air quality worse ꓸ This can harm people with
asthma and heart problems
• More Hot Days more high heat days can make people sick
• Diseases Warmer temperature can create more bacteria in seafood and fresh water and
could make people sick ꓸ Diseases frim ticks and mosquitos can increase ꓸ
ECONOMIC IMPACT
• Floods from rivers and the ocean can damage homes, neighborhoods and businesses
• Extreme weather like wind storms can damage homes and make places less safe
• Economy changes in environment will cost people more money and impact jobs
• Food crops can be damaged by heat, drought, and insects ꓸ This can affect what food is sold
in the market and how much it costs
7 ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF NATURE
1 ꓸ NATURES KNOWS BEST
This principle is the most basic and in fact encompasses all the others ꓸ Human have to understand
nature and have to abide by the rules dictates ꓸ In essence, one must not go against the natural
processes if one would like to ensure a continuous and steady supply of resources ꓸ
2 ꓸ ALL FORMS OF LIFE ARE IMPORTANT
Each organism plays a fundamental role in nature ꓸ Since such occupational or functional position,
otherwise known as niche, cannot be simultaneously occupied by more than one specie, it is apparent
that all living things must be considered as invaluable in the maintenance of homeostasis in the
ecosystem ꓸ
3 ꓸ EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED TO EVERYTHING ELSE
In an ecosystem, all biotic and amniotic components interact with each other to ensure that the system
is perpetuated ꓸ Any outside interference may result in an imbalance and the deterioration of the
system ꓸ
4 ꓸ EVERYTHING CHANGES
It is said that the only permanent thing is change ꓸ As a general classification, change may be linear,
cyclical or random ꓸ
5 ꓸ EVERYTHING MUST GO SOMEWHERE
When a piece of paper is thrown away, it disappears from sigh but it does not cease to exist ꓸ It ends up
elsewhere ꓸ Everything goes somewhere and nothing goes nothing it has its own way to go ꓸ
6 ꓸ OURS IS A FINITE EARTH
Just how long would the earth be able to sustain demands on its resources? This is a question that needs
serious reflection ꓸ Unless the factors of population growth, lifestyle, and polluting technologies are
checked, the collapse of the earth might be inevitable ꓸ
7 ꓸ NATURE IS BEAUTIFUL AND WE ARE STEWARDS OF GOD'S CREATION
Among all creatures, humans are the only ones made in God's image and have been given the right to
have dominion over all His creations ꓸ Being the most intelligent and gifted with reason , humans are
capable of manipulating creation to their own advantage ꓸ We made not to rule the world but to help
the world ꓸ Humans are God's creation and we need to take care of everything ꓸ