HEAT BALANCE SHEET ON I.

C ENGINES

AIM:
To conduct the test on the given I.C engine and to prepare the heat
balance sheet

APPARUTUS REQUIRED:

1. Given I.C engine with load arrangement

2. tachometer
3. stop watch
4. spring balance

THEORY AND DESCRIPTION:

A heat balance sheet is in an addition of heat utilized in various ways in the

system. Necessary information concerning the performance of the engine is
obtained from the heat balance sheet. The heat balance sheet is generally done
on second basis or minute basis or hour basis.

The engine should be equipped with suitable loading arrangement to

measure the brake power of the engine. Provisions are also made to measure the
amount of fuel consumed, temperature of cooling water at inlet and outlet of the
engine, amount of cooling water circulated and temperature of exhaust gases.

The heat supplied to the engine is only in the form of fuel-heat and is equal to
Qs = mf x C.V
mf = mass of the fuel in kg/min
C.V= calorific value of the fuel in kJ/ kg
mf = (TFC / 60) Kg / Min
C.V= calorific value of the fuel in kJ/ kg

The various ways in which the heat is utilized are.

1. heat equivalent to brake power of the engine
2. heat carried away by the cooling water
3. heat carried by the exhaust gases
4. unaccounted heat losses

New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
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 Heat equivalent to B.P:
The brake power in kW is converted into kj/min

QB.P = B.P x 60 =-------------------kj/min

Heat carried away by the cooling water (Qw):

Qw=Mw x Cw (Two –Twi) in KJ/min

Mw= mass of cooling water circulated in kg/min
= (Vw / Tw) x ρw x60
Vw = volume of cooling water measured in litres
Tw = time for volume of water measured in seconds
Cv = specific heat of cooling water
=4.186 KJ/kg k
Twi= temperature of cooling water at inlet in ºc
Two= temperature of cooling water at outlet of the engine in ºc

Heat carried away by the exhaust gases (Qg):

Qg =mg Cg (Tg-TR) KJ/min

mg = mass of exhaust gas in kg/min

= ma+mf
ma = mass flow rate of air in kg/min
= Cd x A x (2g ha)0.5 ρa x w kg/min
Cd = co-efficient of discharge of orifice
A = Orifice area in m2
g = acceleration due to gravity
ha = head difference in ‘m’ of air = (hm / 100) x (ρm / ρa)
hm = manometric difference of manometric fluid in cm
ρm = density of manometric fluid in kg / m3
ρa = density of air in kg / m3 =1.23
Cg= specific heat of exhaust gases
=1.005 kj/kg K
Tg = temperature of exhaust gases in ºc
TR = temperature of air inlet (room temperature) in ºc

New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.com
Unaccounted heat losses:

Qun = Qs – (Q.B.P + Qw +Qg) in kJ/min

PROCEDURE:

1. From the name plate details, calculate the maximum load that can
be applied on the given engine.
2. check the engine for fuel availability, lubricant and cooling water
connections
3. Release the load on the engine completely and start the engine
with no load condition. Allow the engine to run for few minute to
attain the rated speed.
4. adjust the cooling water flow and maintain the steady flow of the
water
5. Apply the load, from no load to required load slowly. at required
load note the following

i. load the engine

ii. speed of the engine in RPM
iii. time taken to 10cc of fuel consumption
iv. manometer readings
v. temperature of cooing water at engine inlet and engine
outlet in ºc
vi. time taken for collection of 5 ltr or 10 ltr of cooling water
vii. Room temperature and temperature of exhaust gases.

Observation and tabulation:

1. brake power B.P =………………..kw

2. speed N =…………………………RPM
3. type of loading
4. fuel used
5. calorific value of fuel CV =………….kj/kg
6. effective radius of the drum: Re = ……………m
7. specific gravity of the fuel:
For diesel = 0.83
For petrol = 0.78
New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.com
8. diameter of orifice d =………………m
temp Exhaust Engine
Speed
Room
temp
Mass of Time takenin Time for Cooling In TR Gas

T2
for 10cc fuel 5 lit water water temp
in ºC

T1
WaterConsumption

kginw1 kginw2 kgw1-w2cminL1cminL2 cmh=L1-L2

reading Manometer
loading
noS.

New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.com
HEAT BALANCE SHEET:

Sl.N particular KJ/min

o
1 Qs
2 QBP
3 Qw
4 Qg
5 Qun
TOTAL

Result:
The test was conducted in given I.C Engine and the heat balance sheet
was prepared for the particular load.

New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.com