General Chemistry 1

First Semester Module:

Matter and its Properties
General Chemistry 1
First Semester Module:
Matter and its Properties
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Matter and its
Properties!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of
Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Matter and its Properties
 Lesson 2 – Scientific Measurement
 Lesson 3 – Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the particulate nature of the different forms of matter;
2. Classify the properties of matter;
3. Differentiate pure substance, mixtures, elements and compound;
4. Describe the need for measurement;
5. Differentiate the accuracy and the precision of a measurement;

1
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ is anything that has mass and occupies space.
a. Element
b. Matter
c. Mixture
d. Substance
2. These are the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down chemically.
a. Atoms
b. Ions
c. Molecules
d. Matter
3. __________ are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded.
a. Molecules
b. Solid
c. Liquid
d. Gas
4. It is a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and
negatively charged electrons.
a. Plasma
b. Gas
c. Solid
d. Liquid
5. These are particles that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons.
a. Ions
b. Atoms
c. Molecules
d. Plasma

2
Lesson
Matter and its Properties
1

What’s In

3
 What’s New

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything on earth has mass and takes up
space.
Particles composing matter are:
a. Atoms- these are the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down chemically
b. Molecules- these are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded.
c. Ions- these are particles that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons.

1. Solid- a state of matter, has definite shape and volume. Solids have particles that are tightly
packed, often in an orderly manner.
2. Liquid- has indefinite shape and definite volume. Liquids unlike solids, have particles that
are not rigidly held in place and are less tightly packed.
3. Gas- has definite shape and volume. A gas flows and takes the shape and fills the entire
volume of its container.
4. Plasma- it is a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively
charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

4
 What is It

Properties of Matter

1. Physical Properties- these can be measured and observed without changing the composition of
the substance.
2. Chemical Properties- these are the ability of a substance to react with other substances such as
air, water, and base.
3. Intensive Properties- it does not depend on the size or amount of sample.
4. Extensive Properties- these can be affected by the size and amount of samples.

Physical Properties
Intensive Physical Properties Extensive Physical Properties
Color Conductivity Mass
Solubility Density Volume
Luster Viscosity Length
Temperature Boiling point
Melting point Malleability

Chemical Properties

Chemical Properties Description

1.Combustibility Whether the substance undergoes
combustion or not
2. Stability Whether the substance can be
easily decomposed or not
3. Reactivity Whether it reacts with acids, bases,
and oxygen, gas
4.Ionization Whether it will break into charged
particles when in solution with
water or not
5.Toxicity Whether substance can damage an
organism or not
6.Relative Activity Whether the material is more active
or less active than other members
of its chemical family

5
Mixture- is a physical blend of two or more components; each of which retains its own identity and
properties.

Pure Substance - is a material that has a constant composition

- consist of only one type of atom, molecule or compound
Example of Pure Substance
1. Sugar
2. Gold, copper
3. Distilled water ( H20)
4. Carbon dioxide ( C02 )
5. Table salt

Homogeneous mixture – is a mixture in which the composition throughout is uniform

6
Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which composition is not uniform.

Element- is the simplest form of matter.

Compound- is a substance that contains that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a
fixed proportion.

Separating Mixtures
1. Filtration- is a process of separating the components of a suspension.

2. Decantation- the solid particles are allowed to settle first at the bottom and later, the liquid
is called supernatant is poured into another container leaving behind solid particle.

3. Evaporation- is the process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in sorting mixtures such as
salt solution.

4. Distillation- is a process of separating a homogeneous mixture composed of two substances

with different boiling points.

5. Magnetic Separation- is the process of separating elemental metals from other particles in a
mixture.
6. Melting- is a process that can used in extricating mixture that contain two substances with
different melting points.

7. Sublimation- is a process of changing solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.

8. Centrifugation- the mixture is poured into a special tube in the centrifuge apparatus, and is
allowed to spin using centrifugal force. The spinning motion forces the sediments to settle at
the bottom. The liquid can be poured off from the solid particles.

9. Chromatography- is another method of separating complex mixtures. It has various methods

that can be used in separating mixture such as paper chromatography, which makes used
of an adsorbent ( filter paper or chromatogram paper), then separation depends upon the
solubility of each component.

7
 Lesson 2: Scientific Measurement

What is It

Measurements- a process of determining the extent of the dimensions, quantity, or extent of

something.

Questions such as “ How much…?, “How long…? And “ How

many…? Simple cannot be answered without resorting to measurement.

Units of Measurements- the most convenient system of units is the International System of
Units ( SI ). This system is the modern versions of metric system.

SI Base Units
Base quantity Name Symbol
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
Thermodynamic kelvin K
temperature
amount of substance mole mol
luminous intensity candela cd

Uncertainty in Measurements- a measured quantity contains some digits that are exactly
known and one digit that is estimated. The estimated digit produces uncertainty in
measurements.

Random Error and System Error

 Random Error ( indeterminate error ) is the uncertainty that arises from a scale reading
which result from the uncontrolled variables in the measurement.
 It causes one measurement to differ slightly from the next. It comes from unpredictable
changes during an experiment.

Examples
a. When weighing yourself on a scale, you position yourself slightly different
each time.
b. Measuring you height is affected by minor posture changes.

 Systematic error ( determinate error ) is the uncertainty that may come from a flaw in the
equipment used or design of an experiment. These error are usually caused by
measuring instruments that are incorrect calibrated or are used incorrect.

Examples
a. A worn out instrument
b. An incorrectly calibrated or tared instrument
c. A person consistently take an incorrect measurements

8
Precision and Accuracy

Precision- is the consistency of a result. If you measure a quantity several times and the values
agrees closely with one another, then your measurement is precise. however, if the values
varied widely, then it is imprecise.

Accuracy is determined when a certain quantitative value is relatively close to the

“true value”

Density Measurement- is one of the common measurements done in laboratory. It involves

getting Mass, Volume, Temperature of an object.
a. Mass- is the quantity of matter in the object. It is determined by weighing the object, using
balance. The SI basic unit of mass is the kilogram, but the gram is more convenient to use.
b. Volume- is the amount of space occupied by a substance. In liquids, the volume can be
determined using a graduated cylinder, while solids, the volume can be determined by two
methods.
c. Temperature- tells how hot or cold an object is. It is commonly marked either by Celsius or
Fahrenheit, although the SI basic unit for temperature is the Kelvin.
d. Density- is the ratio of the mass of an object to the volume it occupies.

Significant Figures

 Significant figures are the digits in any measurement that are known certainty with an
additional one digit.

Rules Measured Numbers Number of Significant

1.All nonzero digits are 247 3
significant.
2.Zeroes between nonzero 20303 5
digits are significant.
3.Zeroes to the left of the 0.0200 3
first nonzero digits are not
significant.
4.If the number is less 0.003560 4
than 1, then only the
zeros at the end of the
number and the zero
between nonzero digits
are significant.
5.If the number is greater 35600.00 7
than 1, then all the zeros
written to the right of the
decimal point are
significant.

Rules for Significant Figures in Fundamental Operations

 In addition and subtraction, the answer must have the same number of decimal places
as the measured number with the least number of decimal places.
 In multiplication and division, the answer must have the same number of significant

9
 figures as the measured number with the lowest number of significant figures.
 Oftentimes, the answers to computations contain too many insignificant digits. Hence it
becomes necessary to round off numbers to attain the insignificant figures. Rounding off,
therefore, is the process of removing insignificant digits from calculated number.
The following rules should be applied to round off values to the correct number digits.
 For a series of calculations, carry extra digits through to the final result, then round off.
 If the first digit to be deleted is….
a. 5 or greater, the last retained figure is increased by one.
b. 4 or less, the last retained figure is retained.

Conversion of Units ( Dimensional Analysis )

 Dimensional Analysis is a process in which a conversion factor written in a form of ratio
is used to change units given in the data to the units desired.

The following are Steps to be followed in doing Dimensional Analysis.

a. Write the unknown quantity that is sought, including the units.
b. Write all known conversion factors needed.
c. Begin with what is known and then multiply it by the identified conversion factor,
cancelling similar units to get the unknown units.

METRIC AND ENGLISH CONVERSIONS

QUANTITY METRIC ENGLISH CONVERSIONS
MASS g, kg lb, oz 1lb= 454 g
1kg= 2.2lb
1 oz= 28.35g
LENGTH Cm, m, km in, ft, mi, 1 in= 2.54cm
1 m= 39.37 in
1 ft= 12 in
1 mi= 1.609 km
1km= 0.62137 mi

VOLUME ml, L qt, pints, cups, 1qt= 946 ml

tsp, tbsp., fl oz, gal 1 L= 1.057 qt
1 L= 2.12 pints
1L= 4.23 cups
1tsp= 4.93 mL
1 tbsp= 14.79 mL
1fl oz= 29.06 mL
1 gal= 3.79 L

10
 Lesson 3: Atoms, Molecules and Ions

Law of Chemical Change

 These laws were inferred from several experiments conducted during the 18th century
using a balance for the measurements
1. Law of Conservation of Mass
2. Law of Definite Proportion
3. Law of Multiple Proportion

Law of Conservation of Mass

 Antoine Lavoisier, a brilliant French Chemist, formulated this law by describing one of
his experiments involving mercuric oxide.
 He placed a small amount of mercuric oxide, a red solid, inside a retort and sealed the
vessel tightly.
 He weighed the system, and then subjected it to high temperature.
 During the heating, the red solid turned into a silvery liquid. This
observation indicated that a chemical reaction took place.
 After which, the setup was cooled and then weighed. The weight of the system was found
to be the same as before heating.
 In a chemical reaction, no change in mass takes place. The total mass of the
products is equal to the total mass of the reactant.

Law of Definite Proportion

 A compound always contains the same constituent elements in a fixed or definite
proportion by mass.
 If water samples coming from different sources are analyzed, all the samples will contain
the same ratio by mass of hydrogen to oxygen.

Law of Multiple Proportions

 If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one
element that will combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small
whole numbers.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

 In 1808, John Dalton published his book A New System of Chemical Philosophy, where
he proposed an atomic theory of matter that can explain chemical observations as
predicted by the three fundamental laws.

The Atomic Theory Comprised the Following Postulates:

1. Matter is made up of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms.

11
 Structure of an Atom

2. Atoms of the same element are identical, and are different from those of other elements.
3. Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element, combined in definite
ratios with whole number values.
4. During a chemical reaction, atoms combine, separate, or rearrange. No atoms are created
and no atoms disappear.

 During the time of Dalton, the atom was believed to be the smallest particle comprising
substances. However, before the end of the 19th century, experiments provided proof of
the existence of smaller particles within the atom.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

 An atom of an element may be represented in a certain configuration that includes its

atomic number and mass number, and left subscript, respectively of the element symbol.

 The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus.
Because an atom as a whole is electrically neutral, the atomic number also specifies the
number of electron present.

Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons

 The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its
nucleus. Thus, the mass number gives the number of subatomic particles present in the
nucleus

Mass number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons

Atoms, Ions and Molecules

 Of all the elements, only six exist as single atoms, namely Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton,
Xenon and Radon. Most matters are composed of ions formed from atoms.
 A molecule is a combination of at least two atoms in a definite proportion, bound
together by covalent bonds
Ions
 When a neutral atom gain or loses one or more electrons, it becomes an electrically
charged particles called ion.

12
  Metals tend to lose electrons and become positively charged cations. Nonmetals, on the
other hand, gain electrons and become negatively charged anions. The number of
electron lost or gained is the charged number.
 Ions can be made up of only one atom ( monoatomic ) or more than one type of atom (
polyatomic ).

Naming Monoatomic Ions

Monoatomic ions are named based on the element.

a. For cations, the name of the element is uncharged.

 If an element can form two ions of different charges, the name, which is usually derived
from its Latin name, is modified by the suffix –ic for the ion with the higher charge, and-
ous for that with the lower charge.

13
b. The monoatomic anions are named by attaching the suffix- ide to the first few letters ( root )
of nonmetal name.

 Several anions are polyatomic and are named based on the atomic
constituents and the suffix- ide
 The most common examples are:
a. OH- hydroxide ion
b. CN- cyanide ion

A number of polyatomic anions containing oxygen atoms are named based on the root word of
the central ( or non-oxygen ) atom and the suffix –ate for the one with more oxygen atoms and –
ite for the one with less oxygen atom.

14
Naming Compounds

A. Ionic Compounds ( cation and anion )

1. For Binary Compound, metal cations take their names from the the elements while the
anion take the first part of the name of element and add the suffix _ide end.

CATION ANION COMPOUND NAME OF

COMPOUND
Na+ O-² Na2O Sodium oxide
Mg+² N-³ Mg3N2 Magnesium nitride
Al+³ O-² Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

2. For Ternary Compounds, the cation goes first in its name before the polyatomic ion which
usually ends with -ite or –ate.

CATION ANION COMPOUND NAME OF

COMPOUND
Na+ NO3-1 NaNO3 Sodium Nitrate
Na+ NO2-1 NaNO2 Sodium Nitrite

3. For compounds containing a metallic ion of variable charge either the classical method or
the stock method of naming may be used.

 In the classical method the name of metallic ions ends in –ous ( for a lower charge ) and –
ic ( for higher charge ).

 In the stock method, the metal is named first followed by the value of the charge written
in roman numeral ( enclosed in parenthesis )

B. Molecular Compounds ( Two Nonmetals )

 For one pair of elements that form several different compounds, Greek prefixes are used
to determine the number of each element in the compound. For the first element, the
prefixes “mono” is omitted.

Examples
CO- carbon monoxide

CO2- carbon dioxide

N2O4- dinitrogen tetraoxide

15
 Greek Prefixes

Number Prefix
1 mono-
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
7 hepta

8 octa-
9 nona-
10 deca-

 For binary compounds, place the name of the first element; then follow it with the second
element. The second element is named by adding –ide to the root of the element name.

Examples:
a. HCI- hydrogen chloride
b. HBr- hydrogen bromide

 For binary compounds considered as acids, use the prefix hydro- followed it with second
element. The second element is named by adding –ide to the root of the element name.

Examples:
a. HCI- hydrogenchloric acid
b. HBr- hydrogenbromic acid

 Oxy-acids those that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element, is named in two
ways

a. For anions ending with –ate , change –ate to –ic ;then, follow it with the word acid.
b. For anions ending with –ite, change –ite to –ous ; then follow it with the word acid.

Chemical Formulas: Empirical, Molecular, and Structural

A chemical formula is a symbol or combination of symbols used to represent the

composition of a substance. The numerical subscripts in the formula indicate the mole ratio of
one element to another. Each symbol in the formula represents an atom which has a
corresponding atomic mass. Chemical formulas provide a great deal of information about the
substances they represent. There are actually three types of chemical formulas; namely,

 Empirical formula ( simplest formula ) = gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms
of each element in the compound.
 Molecular formula = gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a
compound.
 Structural formula = gives the actual number of atoms as well as the sequence of atoms
and the number bonds connected to each atom

16
 What’s More

Answer the following.

A.Give the number of significant figures of each of the following measurements. Write your
answer on the space provided.

__________________1. 2365 mm
__________________2. 309 cm
__________________3. 5.030 g/ml
__________________4. O.0670 g
__________________5. O.476 kg
__________________6. 89.7808 ft
__________________7. 0.430 mg
__________________8. 60.0 min
__________________9. 0.585 kg
__________________10. 20.0 min
__________________11. 0.2350 kg
__________________12. 7.080 km
__________________13. O.0035 m³
__________________14. 17.0500 mi
__________________15. 10,000 ha
__________________16. 61,000 ft
__________________17. 0.3080 mg
__________________18. 0.007 g
__________________19. 45.0 ml
__________________20. 0.995 cm

B.Perform the following operations and write the answers in the proper number of significant
figures.

1. 4.87 m + 36.578 m + 4.34 m

17
2. 8.9 ml ÷ 45 ml

3. 68.980 cm – 67.16 cm

4. 45.00 ft x 3.00 ft

5. 14.4 g + 6.0 g

18
 What I Have Learned

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. The particles comprising matter are
atoms, molecules, and ions. The state of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Properties of
matter according to changed involved during measurements of the property, physical properties
and chemical properties. Separating mixtures: filtration, decantation, evaporation, distillation,
magnetic separation, melting, sublimation centrifugation and chromatography. Measurements it
is a process of determining the extent of the dimensions, quantity, or extent of something. The
most convenient system of units is the International System of Units ( SI ). Units of
measurement are uncertainty in measurements, random error, systematic error. Precision is the
consistency of the result while Accuracy is determined when a certain quantitative value is
relatively close to the true value. The atomic theory comprised the following postulates: matter is
made up of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms, Atoms of the same element are
identical, and are different from those of other elements. Compounds are composed of atoms of
more than one element, combined in definite ratios with whole number values. During a
chemical reaction, atoms combine, separate, or rearrange. No atoms are created and no atoms
disappear. During the time of Dalton, the atom was believed to be the smallest particle
comprising substances. However, before the end of the 19 th century, experiments provided proof
of the existence of smaller particles within the atom. The atomic number of an element
represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Because an atom as a whole is electrically
neutral, the atomic number also specifies the number of electron present while the mass number
of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Thus, the mass
number gives the number of subatomic particles present in the nucleus. A molecule is a
combination of at least two atoms in a definite proportion, bound together by covalent bonds.
When a neutral gain or loses or more electrons, it becomes an electrically charged particles
called ion. Ions can be made up of only one atom (monoatomic ) or more than one type of atom
(polyatomic ).

19
 What I Can Do

A. Problem Solving: Solve the following, show your complete solutions and box the final answer.

1. The lemon juice drink contains 500.0 mg of vitamin C. Express the

vitamin C content in grams.

2. A fitness drink measures 0.300 L. Express the volume in L.

3. Calculate the number of centimeters in 53.5 inches.

4. A sample amount of sugar has a mass of 250.0 g and a volume of 157.3 cm³. What is its
density in grams per cubic centimeter?

5. Gold metal has a density of 19.3 g/cm³. What is the volume in cubic centimeter of a 500.0 g
bar of gold metal?

20
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is a process of separating the components of a suspension.

a.distillation
b.filtration
c.sublimation
d.centrifugation

2. It is a process of separating homogeneous mixture composed of two substances

with different boiling point.
a.melting
b.evaporation
c.distillation
d.filtration

3. The process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in sorting mixture such as salt
solution.
a.evaporation
b.condensation
c.precipitation
d.distillation

4.This process that can be used in extricating mixture that contain two substances
with different melting points.
a.melting
b.evaporation
c.distillation
d.sublimation

5.___________ is a process of changing solid to gas without passing through the

liquid state.
a.sublimation
b.evaporation
c.distillation
d.filtration

6.__________ is the consistency of a result.

a.precision
b.accuracy
c.filtration
d.sublimation

7._________ is determined when a certain quantitative value is relatively close to

the true value.
a.volume
b.accuracy
c.precision
d.mass

21
 8. The quantity of a matter in the object, it is determined by weighing the object
using balance.
a.solid
b.mass
c.volume
d.gas

9. The amount of space occupied by a substance.

a.mass
b.solid
c.volume
d.accuracy

10.__________ tells how hot or cold an object is.

a.evaporation
b.melting
c.temperature
d.condensation

11. Matter is made up of extremely small indivisible particles___________.

a.ion
b.atom
c.molecule
d.particles

12. The element represents the number of protons in its nucleus__________.

a.atomic number
b.mass number
c.magnetic separation
d.centrifugation

13. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
a.mass number
b.density
c.significant figure
d.atomic mass

14. When a neutral atom gain or loses one or more electrons, it becomes an
lectrically charged particles_________.
a.molecule
b.atom
c.ion
d.density

15. A_____________ is a combination of at least two atoms in a definite proportion,

bound together by covalent bonds.
a.scientific notation
b.significant figure
c.ion
d.molecule

22
Problem Solving: Solve the following, show your solutions and box the final answer.

1. Calculate the density of a wooden block measuring 15.24cm x 12cm x 5.1cm and weighing
3.25 kilograms. Calculate the density of the wooden block in grams per cubic centimeter,
g/cm³ or g/cc.

2. The density of alcohol is 0.778 g/ml. If the alcohol occupies 200ml at room temperature,
what is the mass of the alcohol?

3. How many meters are there in 3.5 km?

4. Copper has a density of 4.44 g/cm³. What is the volume in liters of 2.78g of copper?

23
5. Capillaries, the microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins, are
on the average only 1.0mm long. What is the average length of a capillary in inches?

6. What is the density of rock that has a volume of 12.0 ml and a mass of 67.5 grams?

7. A metal measures 4.50 cm x 3.00 cm x 2.00 cm and has mass of 20.00 grams.
What is the density of the metal?

8. An individual weighs 63.21 kg and is 1.40 meters tall. What are his equivalent
measurements in pounds and feet?

24
9. Diamonds are weighed in terms of carats. One carat is equal to 200mg. How much does a
3.0 carat diamond weigh in pounds.

10. A student places a sample of pure liquid in a flask with capacity of 20.0 ml. The dry
flask has a mass of 31.5 grams and the filled flask has a mass of 55.8 grams. What is the
density of the liquid?

Write the chemical formulas of the following compounds.

________________1. Barium sulfate

________________2. Potassium dichromate
________________3. Ammonium phosphate
________________4. Silver sulfite
________________5. Lead ( IV ) oxide
________________6. Aluminum oxalate
________________7. Carbon disulfide
________________8. Copper ( I ) oxide
________________9. Phosphorous pentachloride
________________10. Sodium hypochlorite

25
References

General Chemistry 1, Luciana V. Ilao, Betty M. Lontoc, Edwelma Elinore S. Paderna- Gayon.

Chemistry, Addison – Wesley, Antony C. Wilbraham, Dennis D. Staley, Michael S. Malta.

Chemistry 1, Wyona C. Patalinghug, Ph. D., Vic Marie I. Camacho, Fortunato B. Sevilla III, Ph.D

Chemistry 2, Betty M. Lontoc, Luciana V. Ilao, Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna- Gayon

Chemistry ( For Senior High School ) Rebecca S. de Borja

26
27
 GENERAL
CHEMISTRY 1
‘

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING AND
MATHEMATICS
SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

Prepared by:
Ma’am Nilda C. Urbano

Checked by:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1: Matter and Its Properties
Matter
States of Matter
Properties of Matter
Mixture
Pure Substance
Element / Compound
Separating Mixture

Lesson 2: Scientific Measurement

Measurement
Units of Measurement
Random Error and System Error
Precision and Accuracy
Density Measurement
Significant Figures
Conversion of Units

Lesson 3: Atoms, Molecules and Ions

Law of Chemical Change
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Definite Proportion
Law of Multiple Proportion
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
Ion, Molecule and Atom
Monoatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph