BASI

CSOFEDUCATI
ONSCI
ENCE

I
MPLEMENTATI
ONOFTHENATI
ONALEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

BYGROUP2:

RI
ZKAKHAI
RANI(
20129200)

NURSYFAAMELI
AADAM (
20129319)

DANIANI
SAI
MANDA(
20129258)

FI
TRIORI
ZASATI
VAHANI(
201292138)

Lect
urer:

Dr
a.Ti
nIndr
awat
i,M.
Pd

PRI
MARYTEACHEREDUCATI
ON

FACULTYOFEDUCATI
ON

UNI
VETSI
TASNEGERIPADANG

2020

1
 FOREWORD

PraisetoAll
ahSWTf orgivi
ngust heconveni
encesothatwecanf i
nish
t
hispaperontime.WithoutHi shelp,ofcoursewewouldnothavebeenabl
et o
f
ini
shthispaperproperl
y .Salawatandgr eeti
ngswepouroutt otheProphet
Muhammad, whom wear ewaitingforSyaaf
at-Nyai
ntheher
eaft
er.

Thankt oAllahSWTf ort heabundanceofHi shealthyf avor

s,bothint heform of
phy si
calhealt
handmi nd,sot hatwear eabletocompl etethewr i
ti
ngofapaper
asat askfortheLear ni
ngBasi csofEducationSci encecour sewitht hetit
leis
“Implementati
onofTheNat i
onalEducat i
onSy stem” .Wecer t
ainl
yrealizethat
thispaperisfarfrom perfectandt her
earestil
lmanyer ror
sanddef ici
enciesinit
.
Weexpectcr it
ici
sm andsuggest ionsfrom readersf orthispaper,sot hatthis
papercanbeev enbet t
er.Iftherear emanymi stakesi nthi
spaper ,Ibegy ou
profusely
.

Padang,
Nov
ember21t
h2020

Wr
it
er

1
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PREFACE

TABLEOFCONTENTS

CHAPTERII
NTRODUCTI
ON

A.BACKGROUND

B.PROBLEM FORMULATI
ON

C.PURPOSE

CHAPTERI
IDI
SCUSSI
ON

A.DEFI
NITI
ONOFEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

B.PURPOSEANDFUNCTI
ONOFTHEEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

C.VI
SION-MI
SSI
ONOFTHENATI
ONALEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

D.NATI
ONALEDUCATI
ONLI
NE

E.THECURRENTI
NDONESI
ANEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

F.EDUCATI
ONSYSTEMSTHATSHOULDBERUNNI
NG

G.ARTI
CLES-ARTI
CLESCONCERNI
NGTHENATI
ONALEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

CHAPTERI
IICLOSI
NG

A.CONCLUSI
ON

B.ADVI
CE

C.HOPE

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY

2
 CHAPTERI

PRELI
MINARY

A.Background
Indonesi
ai sacount rythatisr ichinnaturalresources.Wit
ht hi
sweal thof
nat
uralresources,Indonesiahast hepot ent
ialtobecomeadev elopedcount ry
.
Howev er,
theabundantnat uralweal thalonewillnotmakeI ndonesi
apr ogress.To
makeI ndonesiamor eadv ancedt hani tistoday ,Indonesianeedst oimpr ove
var
iousaspect s,incl
udingi mpr ovingt hequal i
tyofi tshumanr esources.To
i
ncreasequal i
tyhumanr esour ces,ani mportantf act
ori sneededt of ulf
il
lit,
namelyeducation.

I
ntheadministr
ationofeducat
ion,Indonesi
ahasi tsowneducat i
onsyst
em,
al
ongwi t
hit
sownbasi cs,goal
sandpr incipl
es.From this,wecanf i
ndouthow
educat
ion i
nI ndonesia and whatki nd ofeducat ion i s sui
tabl
ef orself
-
devel
opment.Wit
ht heri
ghteducati
on,selfpotent
ialwi
lldev el
opproperl
y.

Alongwi t
ht hat
,througheducat i
on,I
ndonesi
a'spopulati
onwi l
lincr
easein
quali
ty.Thisi
sbecauset heywillbeabletoexpl
oretheirpot
entialev
enf ur
ther
,so
thati
twi l
limprovethei
rqual i
ty.I
ftheyarequali
fi
ed,theywillbeabletoproperl
y
uti
li
zeallthepotenti
alt
hatexistsinIndonesi
a.

B.Probl
em For
mulati
on
1.Whatarethepathway
s,l
evel
sandt
ypesofeducat
ioni
nIndonesi
a?

2.Whatar
ethenat
ional
educat
ionst
andar
dsi
nIndonesi
a?

3.Whatarethebasis,f
unct
ionsandobj
ect
ivesal
ongwi
tht
hepr
inci
plesof
Nat
ional
Educat
ion?

4.Whatar ethe l
aws /r
egul
ati
ons gov
erni
ng t
he t
ypes and l
evel
s of
educat
ion?

C.Pur
pose
1.Knowingt
hepat
h,l
evel
andt
ypeofeducat
ioni
nIndonesi
a

2.Knowi
ngt
heNat
ional
Educat
ionSt
andar
dsi
nIndonesi
a

3
3.Knowingt hebasi
s,f
unct
ionandobj
ect
ivesal
ongwi
tht
hepr
inci
plesof
nat
ionaleducat
ion

4. Knowt
hel
aws/r
egul
ati
onsgov
erni
ngt
het
ypeandl
evel
ofeducat
ion

4
 CHAPTERI
I

DI
SCUSSI
ON

Educationisaconsci ousef for

tt opr eparest udent st hroughguidance,
teachi
ng,and/ort raini
ngf ortheirrolei nthef uture.Nat i
onaleducationi s
educationt hatisrootedint hecultur
eoft heI ndonesi annat ionandwhi chi s
basedonPancasi l
aandt he1945Const ituti
on.TheNat ionaleducat i
onsystem is
anintegratedwhol eofalleducati
onaluni t
sandact ivi
tiesr elat
edt ooneanot her
toachi evethegoalsofnat i
onaleducation.Inordert oachi ev et heobj
ecti
vesof
thi
snat i
onaleducati
on,itishel dwi t
ht hebasi s,obj ecti
v esandpr i
nci
plesof
certai
neducat ion,
whichareasf ol
lows:

A.Pat
hwayLev
elandTy
peofEducat
ion

Aneducationunitisagr oupbasedont hespeci fi

cit
yofeducat ional
objecti
vesinformal,non-
for
mal,andi nfor
malchannel sateachl evelandt ype
ofeducation.Formaleducati
onisaneducat i
onalpaththatisstructur
edand
ti
eredconsisti
ngofbasi ceducation,basiceducat i
on,andhi ghereducation.
Non-formaleducat i
onisapat hofeducat i
onout si
def ormaleducat i
ont hat
canbei mplement edinastr
ucturedandt ieredmanner .Inf
ormaleducat i
oni s
apat hoffamil
yandenv ir
onmental educat
ion.

Accor
dingtot heLawoft heRepubli
cofI ndonesiaNumber20of2003
concerningtheNat i
onalEducat i
onSy st
em Ar t
icl
e1," Educat
ionisav ehicl
e
throughwhichst udentsdevel
opt hei
rpotentialinaneducat i
onalprocessin
accordancewi t
heducat i
onalgoals.Accordingt ot heLaw oftheRepubl i
cof
IndonesiaNumber2of1989Ar ti
cle10par agraph1," theimplementat
ionof
education i
s carri
ed outt hrough 2 (two)channel s,namel ythe school
educationpathwayandt heout-of-
schooleducat i
onpat hway.
"

1.AccordingtotheLawoft heRepubli
cofIndonesiaNumber2of1989
Arti
cle10par agraph3,"theschooleducationpathwayiseducat i
on
thatisorgani
zedi nschoolsthroughlear
ningandt eachi
ngact i
vi
ti
es
i
nst agesandcont i
nuously
".So,thi
sschooleducat i
ongraded,such
aswi ththeexi stenceofbasi ceducati
on,mi ddleeducation,and
higher educati
on. This school educat i
on pathway i sf ormal,

5
 regul
atedbasedoncer
tai
nrul
esbyt
hegov
ernment
,wi
thauni
for
m
nati
onalpat
tern.

2.Accordi
ngt otheLawoft heRepubl icofIndonesi aNumber2of1989
Art
icl
e 10 par agr
aph 4," the out -of-
schooleducat ion pathi s
educati
on thati s hel
d outside ofschoolt hr
ough teaching and
l
earningacti
v i
ti
esthatdonothav et obet ier
edandcont inuous".The
natur
eofi nformaleducati
onout sideofschool .Anexampl eoft hi
s
i
nformaleducat ioniscoursesort utor
ingt hatarenotf ormalin
natur
e.

Accordingtot heLawoft heRepublicofI ndonesiaNumber20of

2003concer ningtheNat i
onalEducat i
onSy stem Articl
e1," education
l
evelisastageofeducat ionwhi chisdeter
mi nedbasedont hel ev
elof
devel
opmentofst udents,goalst o beachi eved and abili
ti
est o be
workedon".Accordingt oLawoft heRepubli
cofI ndonesiaNumber2of
1989Chapt erVAr ticl
e12par agraph1,"Thel evelofeducat ionwhi ch
i
ncludesschooleducat i
onconsi st
sofpr imar yeducat i
on,secondar y
educati
onandhi ghereducat i
on" .Thereisal soal evelofeducat ion
cal
ledpreschooleducat ionwher et hi
seducat i
oni scar r
iedoutbef ore
school.

Accordi
ngt otheLawoft heRepublicofIndonesiaNumber20of
2003concerningtheNat i
onalEducati
onSy st
em Ar t
icle1,"t
hetypeof
educati
on is a group based on the speci
fi
cit
y oft he educat
ional
object
ivesofaneducati
onal uni
t.
"Thetypesofeducationareasfol
lows:

a.Gener
aleducat
ion

Generaleducati
oniseducati
ont hatpri
ori
tizestheexpansi
on
ofknowledgeandi mprovementoft heski l
l
sofst udent
swi tha
speci
ali
zati
ont hatismanifest
edint hef i
nalstagesofeducat i
on.
Examples ofgener aleducati
on are pr i
mary schools,secondary
school
s,andhighschoolsoruniver
sit
ies.

b.Vocat
ional
educat
ion

Vocat
ionaleducati
oniseducat
iont hatprepar
esst
udentst o
beabletowor ki ncert
ainf
iel
ds.Certai
nf i
eldswhatismeantf or
exampleisthefiel
dsofculi
nary
,engi
neering,offi
ceadmi
nist
rat
ion,

6
 hospi
tali
ty,fashi
onandother
s.Examplesofschool
sthatincl
ude
vocat
ionalschoolsar
eSMEA,STM,SKKA,SMI
Kandothers.

c.Speci
aleducat
ion

Speci
aleducati
oniseducat i
onthatisspeci f
ical
l
yheldfor
studentswi t
hphysicaland/orment aldi
sabil
it
ies.Examplesof
specialformsofeducat i
on areSDLB and specialeducat
ion f
or
students,t
henSGPIBandspecialeducat
ionf
orteachers.

d.Ser
viceeducat
ion

Servi
ce educat
ion i
s educati
on thatseeks t
oi mprovethe
abi
l
ityt o car
ryoutof fi
ci
alduties f
orempl oyees orprospect
ive
employees of a gov er
nment department or non-depart
mental
gover
nmentagency .

e.Rel
i
giouseducat
ion

Reli
giouseducati
oniseducat i
onthatpr
epar esstudentstobe
abl
et ocar r
youtr ol
esthatrequir
especialmast eryofther el
evant
rel
i
gioust eachi
ngs.Examplesexi stinbasiceducat i
ont o higher
educati
on,namel yMadrasahI bti
daiy
ah,Reli
giousEducat i
onPar k,
IAI
N,Isl
ami cboardi
ngschool
s, Rel
igi
ousTeacherEducat i
on,etc.

Thelev
elofeducat
iont
hatincl
udesschooleducat
ionconsi
stsofpr
imar
y
educat
ion,
secondar
yeducat
ionandhighereducat
ion.

 Basic educati
on i
s educati
on that i
s held t
o i mprovet he
developmentofatti
tudesandabil
it
iesandt oprovi
det hebasic
knowledgeandski
ll
sneededtoli
veinsoci
etyandprepar
estudents
forsecondar
yeducat
ion.

 Aft
erbasi c education,itwillproceed to secondaryeducation.
Secondaryeducationi susefulforprepari
ngst udent
st obecome
member s ofsoci ety who havet he abili
tyto make r eci
procal
rel
ati
onshi
ps wi t
ht he surr
ounding social
,cul t
uraland natural
envi
ronmentandar eabletodevelopfurt
herabil
iti
esinthewor l
dof

7
 wor
korcol
l
ege.

 Highereducationi ssecondaryeducati
onwhi chi sor ganizedto
preparest
udent st obecomemember sofsoci et
ywi thacademi c
and/orpr ofessionalabi
li
ti
eswhocanappl y,dev el
opand/or
createsci
ence,t echnol
ogyand/orar ts.Examplesoff ormsof
hi
ghereducat i
onar eacademies,pol
ytechni
cs,colleges,insti
tut
es
anduniver
siti
es.

 Anacademyisatert
iar
yinst
it
uti
onthatpr
ovi
desappli
ed
educat
ioninonebranchorpartofacertai
nbranchof
sci
ence,t
echnol
ogyorart
s.

 Polyt
echni
c i
s a univ
ersi
t ythat provi
des appl
i
ed
educati
oni
nanumberoffi
eldsofspeci
alknowl
edge.

 An inst
ituteis a col
l
ege which consi
sts ofsev
eral
facul
ti
est hatpr
ovideacademicand/orpr of
essi
onal
educati
oninagroupofsimil
ardisci
pli
nes.

 Auni ver
sit
yisacoll
egethatconsist
sofanumberof
facul
ti
esthatprov
ideacademicand/orpr of
essi
onal
educati
oninanumberofspeci
fi
cdisci
pli
nes.

B.Nat
ional
Educat
ionSt
andar
ds

Nati
onalEducat i
onSt andardsar ethemi nimum cr i
teri
af ort heeducation
system in alllegalareas oft he Republ
ic ofIndonesia.Nat i
onalEducation
Standar
dsser vetoserveast hebasisforpl
anning,i
mpl ementingandsuper vi
sing
educati
on int he cont extofr eal
i
zing educati
on nationalqual it
y.Nat i
onal
educati
onst andardsaimt oensur ethequali
tyofnationaleducat i
oni norderto
educatethenat i
on'sl
if
eandf orm adigni
fi
ednat i
onalcharacterandci vi
li
zati
on.
Toachievethisgoal,t
hegov ernmentset8Nat i
onalEducat i
onSt andards:

1.Gr
aduat
eCompet
encySt
andar
ds

Gr
aduat
e Compet
ency St
andar
ds f
or pr
imar
y and secondar
y

8
 educati
onunitsareusedasassessmentgui del
inesi
ndeter
mi ningstudent
graduat
ion.The Compet ency St andards f
orGr aduat
es (SKL)i nclude
competencyst andardsforgr aduatesofatl eastpri
maryandsecondar y
educati
onunits,compet encyst andardsforgraduat
esofatl eastsubject
groups,andcompet encystandardsf ormini
mum graduat
esofsubj ects.

Mi
nist
eri
alr
egul
ati
onsr
elat
ingt
ogr
aduat
ecompet
encyst
andar
ds
ar
e:

 Regulat
ion oft he Mini
sterofNat
ionalEducati
on oft he
Republi
cofI ndonesi
aNo.23of2006est abl
ishesGraduate
Competency Standards (SKL)f
orPrimar
y and Secondary
Educati
onUnits

 Permen 24/2006 -Regardi

ng t
he Implement
ati
on oft he
Mini
sterofNat i
onalEducat
ionRegul
ati
onNo.22/ 2006 on
ContentSt
andardsforPr
imar
yandSecondar
yEducati
onUnits.

2.St
andar
dCont
ent

ContentStandardsi ncludethemi ni
mum mat er
ialscopeandt he
minimum l evel of compet ence to achi
eve a mi ni
mum gr aduate
compet ency ata cer tai
nl eveland type ofeducati
on.The cont ent
standardscont ai
nt hebasi cf r
ameworkandcur ri
cul
um struct
ure,study
l
oad, curr
icul
um leveleducati
onuni t
,andeducat
ioncal
endar.

Mi
nist
eri
alr
egul
ati
onsr
elat
ingt
ocont
entst
andar
dsar
e:

 Permen 22/
2006 on ContentSt
andar
ds f
orPr
imar
y and
Secondar
yEducat
ionUni
ts

 Permen24/ 2006concer
ningImpl
ementati
onofRegulati
onof
theMi ni
sterofNati
onalEducati
onNo.22/ 2006concerni
ng
StandardContentf
orPrimaryandSecondaryeducat
ionuni
ts

9
 and

 Regulat
ionoftheMinist
erofNati
onalEducati
onNumber23of
2006concerningGraduateCompetencyStandar
dsforPri
mar y
andSecondar yeducati
onunit
sNumber14of2007Cont ent
Standar
dsf orPackageAPr ogr
am,PackageBPr ogram,and
PackageCPr ogram

 Per
mendi
kbudno64of2013oncont
entst
andar
ds

3.Pr
ocessSt
andar
ds

Thelearningpr ocessineducat i
onalunitsiscarriedoutinaninter
acti
ve,
i
nspir
ing,fun,chal lengi
ng,mot i
vat
ingst udentst o activel
yparti
cipat
e,and
pr
ovidessuffi
cientspacef orini
ti
ati
ve, cr
eati
vit
y,andi ndependenceaccordi
ng
tothe tal
ents,i nterest
s,and phy sicaland psy chologicaldevel
opmentof
st
udents.I
naddi tion,inthelearni
ngpr ocess,educatorsprovideanexample.

Eacheducat i
onunitpl
ansthelear
ningprocess,impl
ementsthelear
ning
process,assesseslear
ningoutcomes,andsuper visesthel
earningprocess
fortheimplementati
onofaneffect
iveandeff
icientl
earni
ngprocess.

Mi
nist
eri
alr
egul
ati
onsr
elat
ingt
opr
ocessst
andar
dsar
e:

 PermenNo.41of2007concerni
ngSt
andar
dPr
ocessf
orPr
imar
y
andSecondar
yEducat
ionUni
ts.

 Permen No.
1 of2008 concer
ning Speci
alEducat
ion Pr
ocess
Standar
ds

 Mini
ster
ialRegul
ati
onNumber3of2008concerningStandards
fort
heEquali
tyEducat
ionPr
ocessf
orPackageA,
PackageB, and
PackageC

4.Educat
ionSt
andar
dsandEducat
ionPer
sonnel

Educat
orsmusthav eacademi cquali
fi
cat
ionsandcompet
enci
esas
l
ear
ningagents,bephy si
call
yandment al
l
yhealthy,andhav
etheabi
l
ityt
o
r
eal
izethegoalsofnat
ionaleducat
ion.

10
 Theacademi cquali
fi
cationref
erredtoabov eist hemi ni
mum l evelof
educati
on thatmustbemetbyan educat orasev idenced byar elevant
dipl
omaand/orcer ti
fi
cateofexper t
ise.accor
dingtot heprovi
sionsoft he
appli
cabl
el aws.Compet encies as a lear
ning agentatt he pr
imar y and
secondaryeducat
ionandearlychil
dhoodeducationlevelsincl
ude:

 Pedagogi
ccompet
ence;

 Per
sonal
i
tycompet
enci
es;

 Pr
ofessi
onal
compet
ence;
and

 Soci
alcompet
ence.

Educator
sincl
udeeducator
satTK/RA,SD/MI ,SMP/MTs,SMA/MA,
SDLB
/SMPLB/SMALB, SMK/MAK, =educati
onuni t
sPackageA, PackageBand
PackageC,and educat or
satcour seand trai
ning i
nsti
tuti
ons.Education
personneli
ncl
udeschool/madrasahpri
ncipal
s,educat
ionalunitsuper
visors,
administ
rat
ivestaff
,li
brar
ystaff
,labor
atorypersonnel,technici
ans,study
groupmanagers,tut
orsandcl
eani
ngstaff
.

Mini
steri
alregulat
ions rel
ati
ng t
othe st
andar
ds of educat
ors and
educat
ionalper
sonnelare:

 Number12of2007concer
ningt
heSt
andar
dsf
orSchool
/Madr
asah
super
visor
s

 Number13of2007concer
ningSt
andar
dsf
orSchool/Madr
asah
Pr
inci
pal
s

 Number16of2007concer ni
ngAcademi
cQual
i
ficat
ionSt
andar
ds
andTeacherCompet
enci
es

 Number24of2008concer ningSt
andar
dsforSchool/Madrasah
Administ
rati
vePersonnelNumber25of2008concerni
ngSt
andards
forSchool/MadrasahLibr
aries

 Number26of2008concer
ningSt
andar
dsf
orSchool/Madr
asah
Labor
ator
yPer
sonnel

 Number27of2008concer
ningAcademi
cQual
i
ficat
ionSt
andar
ds

11
 andCounsel
orCompet
enci
es

 Number40of2009concer
ningSt
andar
dsf
orExami
ner
sinCour
ses
andTr
aini
ng

 Number41of2009concer
ningGui
danceSt
andar
dsi
nCour
ses&
Tr
aini
ng

 Number43of2009concer
ningAdmini
str
ati
vePer
sonnelSt
andar
ds
f
orProgr
am PackageA,
PackageB,
andPackageC

 Number42of2009concer
ningCour
seManagementSt
andar
ds

 Number44of2009concerni
ngEducat
ionManagementSt
andar
dsi
n
Pr
ogram PackageA,
PackageBandPackageC

 Number45of2009concerni
ngthestandar
dsofLear
ningResour
ce
Techni
ci
ansi
nCoursesandTrai
ning

5.St
andar
dofFaci
l
iti
esandI
nfr
ast
ruct
ure

Each educati
onaluni tisr equir
ed to hav
ef aci
li
ti
es which i
nclude
furni
ture,educat
ionalequipment,educati
onalmedi
a,booksandotherl
earning
resources,consumabl es,andotherequipmentneededtosupportanor derl
y
andcont i
nuouslearningprocess.

Eacheducat i
onaluniti
sr equi
redtohav einf
rastructurewhichincl
udes
l
and,cl assrooms,educat i
onaluni tleadershi
pr ooms,t eachi
ng rooms,
admini
strati
onrooms, l
ibr
aryrooms,laborat
oryrooms, wor kshops,pr
oducti
on
uni
trooms,cant eenrooms,powerandser v
iceinstall
ati
ons,spor t
svenues,a
pl
aceofwor ship,aplacetoplay,aplacetocreate,andot herspaces/places
neededtosuppor tanorder
lyandsust ai
nabl
elearni
ngpr ocess.

Mi
nist
eri
alr
egul
ati
onsr
elat
ingt
ost
andar
dfaci
l
iti
esandi
nfr
ast
ruct
urear
e:

 Number24of2007St
andar
dofFaci
l
iti
esandI
nfr
ast
ruct
uref
orSD/
MI,
SMP/MTs, andSMA/MA\

 Number33Year2008St
andar
dforFaci
l
iti
esandI
nfr
ast
ruct
uref
or
SDLB,
SMPLB,andSMALB

12
  Number40of2008St
andar
dofFaci
l
iti
esandI
nfr
ast
ruct
uref
orSMK
/MAK

6.Educat
ionManagementSt
andar
ds

The ManagementSt andar

d consi
sts of3 (three)part
s,namel ythe
managementstandar
dbyt heeducati
onunit
,themanagementst andar
dby
t
heRegional
Gov er
nmentandthemanagementstandardbytheGov
ernment.

Regulat
ion ofthe Mi ni
sterofNat
ionalEducat
ion ofthe Republ
i
c of
Indonesiarelat
ing to ManagementSt
andardsisPermen No.19 of2007
concerning Educat
ion ManagementStandardsbyPri
maryand Secondary
EducationUnits

7.Educat
ionFi
nanci
ngSt
andar
ds

Theeducati
onuni
tasr ef
err
edtoabovecover
sthecostofpr
ovi
ding
f
aci
li
tiesandinf
rastr
uct
ure,humanresour
cedevel
opment
,andpermanent
wor
kingcapit
al.

Personalcostsasr ef
err
edtoabovei
ncl
udeeducat
ionalcost
sthat
mustbeincurredbyst udent
st obeabl
etofol
low t
helearni
ngprocess
r
egul
arl
yandcont i
nuously.

Educati
onalunitoper at
ingcost sasr efer
redt oabov eincl
ude:( 1)
The salar
ies ofeducat ors and educat i
on per sonnelas wel las al l
al
lowancesat t
achedt osalari
es,(2)consumabl eeducationalmateri
alsor
equipment,and( 3)indi
recteducat i
onaloperatingcostsi nt heform of
power,water,tel
ecommuni cationservi
ces,mai ntenanceoff aci
li
ti
esand
i
nfrast
ruct
ure,overt
imepay ,tr
ansportati
on,consumpt i
on,taxes,i
nsurance,
andsoon.

Mi
nist
eri
alr
egul
ati
onsr
elat
ingt
oeducat
ionf
inanci
ngst
andar
dsar
e

13
 Permennumber69of2009concer ni
ngNon-per
sonnelOperati
ngCost
StandardsforEl
ementar
ySchool
s/Madr asahI
bti
daiy
ah(SD/MI ),Juni
or
HighSchools/MadrasahTsanawi
yah(SMP/MTs) ,Seni
orHighSchools/
Madr asahAli
yah(SMA /MA) ,Vocat
ionalHi
ghSchool(SMK) ,Special
El
ement arySchool(SDLB)
,SpecialJuniorHi
gh School(SMPLB) ,and
SpecialHi
ghSchool(
SMALB) .

8.Educat
ional
AssessmentSt
andar
ds

Educati
onalassessmentattheprimaryandsecondaryeducati
on
l
evelsconsist
sof:(
1)Assessmentoflear
ningout
comesbyeducat or
s.(
2)
Assessment of learni
ng outcomes by educati
onal uni
ts; and (
3)
Assessmentoflear
ningoutcomesbyt
heGov er
nment.

Educationalassessmentatthehi
ghereducat
ionl
evel
consist
sof:(
1)
Assessmentofl ear
ningoutcomesbyeducat or
s;and(2)Assessmentof
l
earni
ngout comesbyhi ghereducati
onuni
ts.

Assessmentofeducat i
onatt hehighereducat
ionlevelasr ef
err
edt o
aboveisregulatedbyeachhi
ghereducati
oninsti
tut
ioninaccordancewiththe
prev
ail
ing laws and regul
ati
ons.Regulati
on oft he Mini
sterofNat i
onal
Educati
onoft heRepubli
cofIndonesiaNo.20of2007concer ningEducation
AssessmentSt andar
ds

Sl
i
ghtchangestotheLi
stofNat
ionalEducat
ionSt
andar
dswhi
chhav
e
becomePermendiknasar
easfol
l
ows:

1.St
andar
dCont
ent

2.Compet
encySt
andar
dsofGr
aduat
es

3.Educat
orsandEducat
ionPer
sonnel
Standar
ds

4.ManagementSt
andar
ds

5.AssessmentSt
andar
ds

6.St
andar
dInf
rast
ruct
ure

7.Pr
ocessSt
andar
ds

8.St
andar
dCost

14
 9.Ear
lyChi
l
dhoodEducat
ionSt
andar
ds

C.Basi
c, Obj
ect
ives, Funct
ions, and Pr
inci
ples of Nat
ional
Educat
ion

1.Nat
ional
Educat
ion

Educat i
oni saconsci ousandpl annedef forttocreateanat mospher eof
l
earningandt helearningprocesssot hatstudent sacti
velydevelopt hei
rpot ential
tohav er eli
giousspi ri
tualstrength,sel f
-control
,personalit
y,intell
igence,nobl e
charact
er ,andski l
lsneededbyt hemsel vesandsoci ety
.Nat i
onaleducat ionwas
bornint heSt ateofI ndonesia.Nat i
onaleducat i
oniseducat i
ont hati srootedi n
thecultureoft heI ndonesiannat ionwhi chi sbasedonPancasi l
aandt he1945
Constit
ution.Tor ealizeallthatitisalsonecessar ytohav eaneducat i
onsy stem
whichisani ntegratedwhol eofal leducat ionalunitsandact ivit
ies.whi char e
rel
atedt ooneanot hertost ri
vef ortheachi evementoft hesenat ionaleducat ion
goals.

2.Basi
cEducat
ion

Whatismeantbybasisher eissomethi
ngthatbecomesthest r
engt
hf orthe
upri
ghtnessofabui ldi
ngorot her,suchasinahouseorbui ldi
ng,thent he
foundati
onbecomest hebasi
s.Likewisewit
heducati
on,thebasi
si nquestionis
thebasisfori
tsimplementat
ion,whichhasanimportantrol
etobecomehandl e
i
ni mplementi
ngeducati
oninschoolsorinot
hereducati
onali
nsti
tuti
ons.

Thebasi
ceducati
oninthest
ateofI
ndonesi
ainaf
ormalj
uri
dicalmannerhas
beenf
ormul
atedasfol
l
ows:

a.LawonEducat ionandTeachi ngNo.4of1950,Number2of1945,Chapt erII

I
Arti
cle 4 whi
ch r eads:Educati
on and t
eachi
ng ar
e based on t
he pri
nci
ples
contai
ned in Pancasila,t
he Indonesi
an Const
it
uti
on and t
he cul
tur
e oft he
Indonesi
annation.

b.MPRSDecr eeNo.XXVI
I/MPRS/1966Chapt erI
IArt
icl
e2whi
chr
eads:The
basi
sofeducati
onist
hestat
ephi
l
osophyofPancasi
l
a.

15
c.Inthe1973GBHN,1978GBHN,1983GBHN and1988GBHN chapt
erI
V
educat
ionsect
ionr
eads:
Nat
ional
Educat
ionbasedonPancasi
l
a.

d.MPRDecr eeNumberI
I/MPR/1993concer ni
ngGBHNi nChapterIVofthe
Educati
onsect
ionwhi
chr
eads:Nat
ionalEducat
ion(whi
chisroot
edinIndonesi
an
cul
tureandi
sbasedonPancasi
l
aandt he1945Consti
tut
ion.

e.Republ
icofIndonesi
aLaw No.2of1989,concer
ningt
heNat
ionalEducat
ion
Syst
em basedonPancasil
aandthe1945Const
it
uti
on.

f.Republ
i
cofIndonesi
aLaw No.20of2003ontheNat
ionalEducat
ionSy
stem
basedonPancasi
laandthe1945Const
it
uti
on.

Thusitisclearthatt
hebasi
sofeducat
ioni
nIndonesi
aisPancasi
l
aandt he1945
Consti
tuti
oni naccor
dancewit
hUUSPNNo.2of1989andt heNational
Educati
on
Syst
em LawNo.20of2003.

3.Obj
ect
ivesandFunct
ionsofNat
ional
Educat
ion

Thepur poseofeducat ionisav ery,veryimportantfact orineducat ion,

becausegoal sar ethedi r
ectiont obeachi evedort obeai medbyeducat i
on.
Likewisewi t
ht heprov i
sionofeducat ionwhichcannotbesepar atedfrom agoal
to be achi ev ed.Thi si s evidenced by t he implement ati
on of educat ion
experiencedbyt heIndonesi
anpeopl e.Theeducat i
onalgoalst hatwerei neff
ect
duringtheOl dOr derwerediffer entfrom thoseoft heNewOr der.Likewi se,si
nce
the New Or derunt i
lnow,t he f ormulati
on ofeducat ionalgoal s has al ways
changedf r
om l ampt ol
ampi naccor dancewi ththedemandsofdev elopment
anddev elopmentoft hel
ifeoft hepeopl eandst ateofIndonesia.

Thef
unct
ionsandobj
ecti
vesofnati
onaleducati
onar
esti
pulat
edi
nLaw
Number20of2003concer
ningtheNati
onalEducati
onSyst
em Art
icl
e3whi
ch
r
eads:

"Nationaleducati
onhast hef unct
ionofdev el
opingcapabili
ti
esandshapi ng
digni
fiednati
onalchar
acterandcivi
lizat
ioninor dertoeducatethenat i
on'
slife,
ai
medatdev el
opingt
hepot enti
alofst udent
st obecomehumanbei ngswho
beli
eveandf earGodAlmight
y,havenoblechar acter
,areheal
thy,knowledgeable,
capable,creati
ve,be i
ndependentand become democr at
ic and responsi
ble
16
ci
ti
zens”
.

Thebasici
ssuesandobjecti
vesofeducati
onarev eryf
undamentalpr
oblems
i
nt heimplementati
onofeducationbecausethebasi ceducat
ionwil
ldetermi
ne
the sty
le and contentofeducat i
on.The object
ives ofeducat
ion willal
so
deter
mi newher
est udent
sar
et aken.

Article1paragr
aph2ofLaw No.2of1989hasemphasi zedthatnational
educationiseducati
onthatisroot
edi nthecultur
eoft heIndonesi
annat ion.
Therefore,nati
onaleducat
ion i
s essenti
all
y a cont
inuat
ion ofthe existi
ng
educationsy st
em whichisthenation'
scultur
alheri
tagef r
om generat
iont o
generation.

Thereisalsoaf unctionofnat i
onaleducati
on,asemphasizedinArt
icle3,
namely
:t odevelopcapabili
ti
esandi mpr ovethequalit
yofli
feanddignit
yof
I
ndonesian peopleint he contextofr eali
zi
ng nati
onalgoal
s.The nati
onal
obj
ecti
vesofourcountryareclearl
ystat
edi nparagr
aphIVoft
hePreambl
et othe
1945Consti
tuti
on,namely:

a.Pr
otect
ingt
heent
ir
eIndonesi
annat
ionandal
lIndonesi
anbl
oodshed.

b.Adv
anci
ngpubl
i
cwel
far
e.

c.Toeducat
ethenat
ion'
sli
fe.

Takepar
tincar
ryi
ngoutwor
ldor
der
.

Meanwhi
le,
theul
ti
mategoalofdev
elopi
ngthenat
ionandst
ateofI
ndonesi
a
i
st oachi
eveajustandprosper
oussoci
etybasedonPancasi
l
aandt he1945
Const
it
uti
on.

Thef
oll
owi
ngwi
l
lsuggestt
heobj
ect
ivesofeducat
ioni
nIndonesi
a.

Theformula accor
ding t
otheDecreeoftheMi
nist
erofTeachi
ng and
Cul
tureEducat
ionNo.104/Bhg.March1,
1946:

Thepur
" poseofeducat
ioni
stoi
nst
il
laspi
ri
tofpat
ri
oti
sm"
.

Accor
dingt
oLawNo.4of1950(
Educat
ionandTeachi
ngLaw)
:

Theai
" m ofeducat
ionandt
eachi
ngi
stof
orm capabl
emor
alpeopl
eandci
ti
zens

17
whoar
edemocr
ati
candr
esponsi
blef
ort
hewel
far
eofsoci
etyandt
hehomel
and"

Accor
dingt
oPr
esi
dent
ial
Decr
eeNo.19of1965.

"Theaim ofnati
onaleducati
onistogivebi
rthtomoralI
ndonesi
ansociali
st
ci
ti
zens,whoar eresponsi
blefortheimpl
ementati
onofanIndonesi
ansociali
st
soci
ety,j
ustandprosperousbothspir
it
ual
l
yandmat er
ial
l
yandhav ethespi
ritof
Pancasil
a".

MPRSNumberI
Iof1966:

"Theai
m ofeducationi
stoeducatechil
drentowar
dstheformati
onofhuman
bei
ngs who havet he spi
ri
t of Pancasil
a and arer esponsi
blefor t
he
i
mplement
ati
onofaj ustandprosper
ousIndonesi
ansoci
ali
stsoci
ety
"

Formul
ati
onofEducat
ionalObj
ect
ivesAccor
dingt
oMPRSDecr
eeNo.XXVI
Iof
1966:

"Theaim ofeducat
ioni
stofor
m atruePancasi
l
ahumanbei
ngbasedont
he
pr
ov i
sionsdesi
redbyt
he1945Const
it
uti
on"

4.Pr
inci
plesofNat
ional
Educat
ionI
mpl
ement
ati
on

AccordingtoLaw20/2003ontheNati
onal
Educat
ionSy
stem,t
hereare6(si
x)
pr
inci
ples.Thisprov
isi
onisregul
atedi
nchapt
erI
Iart
icl
e4whichisdescri
bedi
n
6paragraphs.

1.Educati
on i s car
ri
ed outi
n a democr
ati
c and j
ustmannerand i s not
di
scri
minatorybyupholdi
nghumanright
s,r
eli
giousv
alues,cul
tur
alv
alues,and
nat
ional
plural
ism.

2.Educat
ioni
shel
dasasy
stemi
cuni
twi
thanopenandmul
ti
-meani
ngsy
stem.

3.Educat
ioni
shel
dasal
i
fel
ongpr
ocessofcul
ti
vat
ingandempower
ingst
udent
s.

4.Educat
ion i
s hel
d bymodel
i
ng,bui
l
ding wi
l
li
ngness,and dev
elopi
ng t
he

18
cr
eat
ivi
tyofst
udent
sint
hel
ear
ningpr
ocess.

5.Educat
ionishel
dbydev
elopi
ngacul
tur
eofr
eadi
ng,
wri
ti
ngandar
it
hmet
icf
or
al
lmember sofsoci
ety
.

6.
Pendidkan i
s hel
d by empower
ing al
lcomponent
s of societyt hrough
par
ti
cipati
oni
ntheimpl
ement
ati
onandqual
it
ycont
rol
ofeducat
ionalser
vices.

Nati
onal
educat
ionasstipulat
edinLawNo. 2of1989expressesthepri
nci
ples
asasyst
em,namely:Whichisrootedi
nnat i
onalcultur
eandbasedonPancasi l
a
andt
he1995Consti
tuti
on,aswellascontinuingandimprovingP4educati
on.I
sa
whol
eanddevel
opedtoparti
cipateint
ryi
ngt oachiev
enationalgoal
s,namely

1.t
opromotepubl
icwel
faretoeducat
ethenati
on'
sli
fef
ort
her
eal
i
zat
ionofa
j
ustandpr
osper
oussoci
etybasedonPancasi
l
a.

2.I
ncl
udesbot
htheschooleducat
ionpat
hwayandt
heout
-of
-schooleducat
ion
pat
h.

3.Regulat
ing t
hattheschooleducat
ionpathwayconsist
sof3 mai nlev
els,
namelybasiceducati
on,secondar
yeducat
ion,andt
ert
iaryeducat
ion,eachof
whichi
salsodivi
dedint
olevel
s.

4.Regulat
ingthatthecur
ri
cul
um,student
s,andeducati
onpersonnel
,especi
all
y
teacher
s,l
ecturer
s,ort
eachi
ngstaf
fare3elementsthatcannotbesepar
atedin
teachi
ngandlearni
ngacti
vi
ti
es.

5.Toregul
atecent
ral
ly
,butt
heor
gani
zat
ionofeducat
ionaluni
tsandact
ivi
ti
esi
s
notcar
ri
edoutcentr
all
y.

6.Or
ganizi
ngeducati
onaluni
tsandact
ivi
ti
esasashar
edr
esponsi
bil
i
tybet
ween
fami
l
y,communityandgovernment
.

7.Toregul
atethateducat
ionaluni
tsandact
ivi
ti
esor
ganizedbyt
hegover
nment
andsoci
etyaredomici
ledandrequi
redwit
htheuseofthesamemeasur
e.

19
D.LawsandRegul
ati
onsgov
erni
ngEducat
ioni
nIndonesi
a

TheNat i
onalEducationSy st
em isregulatedbyl aw.TheLaw ont heNat i
onal
EducationSystem waspassedbyPr esi
dentMegawat iSoekarnoput r
ionJuly8,2003.
Law20of2003ont heNationalEducati
onSy stem wasenactedafterbeingpromulgated
i
nt he St at
e Gazette oft he Republi
c ofI ndonesi
a of2003 Number78,and an
expl
anat i
onofLaw Number20of2003concer ni
ngTheNat i
onalEducationSystem in
Supplementtot heStat
eGazet teoftheRepublicofIndonesiaNumber4301byt heState
SecretaryoftheRepubl
icofI ndonesi
aBambangKesowoonJul y8, 2003inJakart
a.

Law Number20of2003concer ni
ngt
heNat
ionalEducat
ionSy
stem ort
heNat
ional
Educat
ionSy
stem Lawr
evokes:

1.Law Number48/Pr p./1960concerni

ngSuper v
isi
onofFor
eignEducat
ionand
Teachi
ng(St
ateGazet
teof1960Number155,Suppl
ementtot
heSt
ateGazet
teNumber
2103);

2.LawNumber2of1989concerni
ngtheNati
onalEducat
ionSy
stem (
Stat
eGazet
teof
1989Number6,
Suppl
ementt
ot heStat
eGazet
teNumber3390).

Gener
alexpl
anat
ion

Humansneededucat ioni nthei rli

v es.Educati
oni sanef for
tsothathumanscan
developthei
rpot enti
alt hroughal earningpr ocessand/orot hermet hodst hatare
knownandr ecogni zedbysoci et
y.Ar t
icle31par agr
aph( 1)oft he1945Const i
tuti
onof
theStateoftheRepubl i
cofI ndonesi ast atesthateverycit
izenhast her
ighttoeducat i
on,
andpar agr
aph( 3)emphasi zest hatt heGov ernmentunder takesandi mpl ement sa
nati
onaleducationsy stem t hatenhancesf aithandpi et
yandnobl echar acterinthe
contextofeducat ing nationall i
fe whi ch isregulated bylaw.Fort hisr eason,all
componentsoft henat ionar eobligedt oeducatethenat ion'
sl i
fewhichisoneoft he
goalsoftheIndonesi anSt ate.

Ther ef
or m mov ementi nI ndonesi
agener al
lydemandst heapplicati
onoft he
pri
ncipl
esofdemocr acy,decent r
ali
zati
on,j
ustice,anduphol
dinghumanr ightsintheli
fe
ofthenati
onandst ate.I
nr elat
iontoeducati
on, thesepri
nci
pleswil
lhaveaf undament al
i
mpactont hecont ent,processesandmanagementoft heeducati
onsystem.I naddit
ion,
sci
enceandt echnologyar edev elopi
ngrapidlyandgi vi
ngrisetonew demandsi nal l
aspectsofli
fe,incl
udingint heeducationsystem.Thi sdemandconcernst herenewalof

20
theeducat i
onsy stem,i ncludingcur r
icul
um reform,namel ycur riculum di ver
sifi
cationt o
servest udentsanddi verser egi
onalpot ent
ials,diver
sif
icationoft ypesofeducat ion
carri
edoutpr ofessionally,compi lat
ionofgr aduatecompet encyst andardst hatappl y
nati
onallyandr egionall
yt osui tlocalconditions;preparationoft eacherqual if
ication
standardsi naccor dancewi ththedemandsofcar ry
ingoutt asksi napr ofessional
manner ;pr eparati
on ofeducat ion funding standards foreach educat ion uni tin
accordancewi t
ht hepr inciplesofequi t
yandj usti
ce;implement ationofschool -based
educati
onmanagementanduni versi
tyautonomy ;aswel l
aspr ovidingeducat ionwi than
openandmul ti
-meani ngsy stem.Ther efor
m oft heeducat ionsy stem alsoi ncl udes
eli
minating discrimination bet ween educat ion managed by t he gov er
nmentand
educati
onmanagedbyt hecommuni ty,aswel lasdi fferentiatingbet weenr eligious
educati
onandgener aleducat ion.

Theref
orm ofthenationaleducationsyst
em iscarriedouttorenewt hev isi
on,
missionandstrat
egyofnat i
onaleducat i
ondevelopment .Nati
onaleducat i
onhasa
vi
sionofthereali
zat
ionoft heeducat i
onsy st
em asast r
ongandaut horit
ati
v esocial
i
nstit
uti
ontoempoweral lI
ndonesianciti
zenstodevelopint
oqualif
iedhumanbei ngsso
t
hattheyareabl
eandpr oacti
vetor espondtothechal
lengesoftheever-changingtimes.

Wi
tht
hisv
isi
onofeducat
ion,
nat
ional
educat
ionhast
hef
oll
owi
ngmi
ssi
ons:

1.str
ivet
oexpandandequal
i
zeoppor
tuni
ti
esf
orqual
i
tyeducat
ionf
oral
lIndonesi
an
peopl
e;

2.toassi
standfaci
l
itat
ethedevel
opmentoft
heful
lpot
enti
alofthenat
ion'
schi
l
dren
fr
om anearl
yagetotheendofl
if
einordert
ocr
eat
ealear
ningsoci
ety
;

3.incr
easether
eadi
nessofinputandthequal
i
tyoft
heeducat
ionalpr
ocesst
oopt
imi
ze
theformat
ionofamoralper
sonali
ty;

4.i
ncr
easetheprof
essionali
sm andaccountabi
li
tyofeducati
onal
inst
it
uti
onsascent
ers
ofcul
ti
vat
ingknowledge,ski
ll
s,exper
ience,at
ti
tudes,andval
ues​
basedonnat
​ i
onaland
gl
obalst
andar
ds;and

5.Empowert hecommunity
'spart
ici
pati
oninthedeli
ver
yofeducat
ionbasedont he
pr
inci
pleofautonomyi
nthecont
extoftheUni
tarySt
ateoft
heRepubl
i
cofIndonesi
a.

Based on t
hevisi
on and mission ofnati
onaleducat
ion,nationaleducat
ion
f
unct
ionstodevel
opcapabil
i
tiesandshapet hecharact
erandcivi
l
izat
ionofthenation
wi
thdigni
tyinthecontextofeducatingthenat i
on'slif
e,ai
mingatdev el
opi
ngt he

21
potent
ial
ofstudentstobecomehumanbei ngswhobel i
eveandfearGodAlmight
y,have
noblecharact
er,andar ehealt
hy.,knowledgeabl
e,competent
,creat
ive,i
ndependent
,
andbecomedemocr at
icandresponsi
bleci
ti
zens.

ARTI
CLE-ARTI
CLECONCERNI
NGTHENATI
ONALEDUCATI
ONSYSTEM

Lear
ner
s

Ar
ti
cle23

1.Nat
ionaleducat
ioni
sopenandpr
ovi
desf
reedom ofmov
ementt
ost
udent
s.

2.Theimpl
ementat
ionoft
hepr
ovi
sionsr
efer
redt
oinpar
agr
aph(
1)shal
lber
egul
ated
bytheMini
ster
.

Ar
ti
cle24

Ev
eryst
udenti
naneducat
ionaluni
thast
hef
oll
owi
ngr
ight
s:

1.r
ecei
vet
reat
mentaccor
dingt
othei
rtal
ent
s,i
nter
est
sandabi
l
iti
es;

2.part
ici
pateinther
elev
anteducat
ionpr
ogr
am onthebasi
sofcont
inui
ngeducation,
ei
thertodev el
opone'
sownabi li
ti
esortogai
nrecogni
ti
onofcert
ainstandar
dized
educat
ionlevel
s;

3.receiv
e study f
aci
li
ti
es,schol
arshi
ps,orot
herassi
stance i
n accor
dance wi
th
appl
icabl
erequi
rement
s;

4.mov i
ngtoaneducat
ionalunitt
hati
sequalorofahigherlev
eli
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
requi
rement
sforst
udentadmi ssi
ontotheeducat
ionuni
tthati
stobeent
ered;

5.obt
ainanassessmentofl
ear
ningout
comes;

6.compl
eti
ngt
heeducat
ionpr
ogr
am ear
li
ert
hant
hespeci
fi
edt
ime;

7.getspeci
alser
vicesf
orpeopl
ewi
thdi
sabi
l
iti
es.

Ar
ti
cle25

1.Ev
erystudenti
sobli
gedtoshar
ethecostofprov
idi
ngeducat
ion,exceptforst
udent
s
whoareexemptfrom t
hisobl
i
gati
oni
naccordancewit
htheappl
icabl
er egul
ati
ons;

2.compl
ywi
thal
lappl
i
cabl
eregul
ati
ons;

3.r
espectf
oreducat
ionper
sonnel
;

22
4.Part
ici
pateinmaint
aini
ngfacil
it
iesandinf
rast
ruct
ureaswel
lascl
eanl
i
ness,or
der
andsecuri
tyoft
heeducati
onunitconcer
ned.

5.Theimpl
ementat
ionoft
hepr
ovi
sionsr
efer
redt
oinpar
agr
aph(
1)shal
lber
egul
ated
bytheMini
ster
.

Ar
ti
cle26

St
udentshavetheopport
unit
ytodev el
optheirabil
i
tiesbylear
ningatanyt
imei
nthei
r
l
if
e'sj
ourneyaccor
dingt
othei
rrespecti
vet
alents,
interest
sandabil
it
ies.

23
 CHAPTERI
II
CLOSI
NG

A.CONCLUSI
ON

Thenat i
onaleducat ionsy stem i sasy st
em inacount rythatr egulates
educationint hecount ryi nor dert oeducat ethenat ion'
sl i
fe,soast ocr eate
generalwel f
areinsociety .Thei mpl ementationofthenat i
onaleducat i
onsy stem
i
sst r
uct ur
edi nsuchaway ,event houghi ngeneraltherearesi mil
ariti
eswitht he
nati
onaleducat i
onsy stemsofot hernat i
ons,sot hatitisi
naccor dancewi tht he
needf oreducat i
onoft henat i
oni tselfwhichisgeogr aphicall
y,democr at
ically
,
hi
storicall
yandcul t
urall
ydi stincti
v e.Thelev
elofeducat ionstartsfrom thebasi c
educationlevelwhi chpr ovidest hebasi snecessar yforlif
ei nsoci etyandi sa
prer
equi si
teforattendi
ngsecondar yeducat i
on.whichwashel di nhighschool .
Secondar yeducati
onser vestoexpandbasi ceducat ion.Andpr eparestudentst o
conti
nuet ohighereducat ion.

B.Suggest
ions

Theimpl
ementati
onoft henati
onaleducat
ionsystem mustbei
mpr ovedagain.
Tothecommuni t
ytopar t
ici
patei
nadv anci
ngeducat i
oninI
ndonesi
a.Itishoped
thatthegover
nmenti nmaki ngthi
snat i
onaleducationsyst
em shouldinvol
v e
part
ieswhocanparti
cipat
einadvancingnati
onaleducati
on.

C.HOPE

Inorderforeducati
oninIndonesi
atobeev enbet t
erandbetterqual
it
yi nthe
f
utur
e,itishopedt hatalll
evel
sofsociet
ywi l
lrecei
veteachi
ngi naccordance
wi
ththe1945Const i
tuti
onArti
cl
e31Paragraph1.

24
 Ref
erences

Efendi
,Defndo.2015.Dasar
i -DasarI
lmuPendi
dikan.Padang:Uni
ver
sit
as
Neger
iPadang.

I
ndonesia,P.R.2003.Undang-UndangRepubli
kIndonesi
anomor20t
ahun
2003t
entangSistem Pendi
dikanNasi .Jakar
onal ta:Pemeri
ntahRepubl
i
k
Indonesi
a.

I
ndonesia,U.U.R.2003.Si
stem Pendi
dikanNasi
onal
.Jakar
taDi
rekt
orat
Pendi
dik.MenengahUmum,2003.

Pendi
dikan,B.S.N.2005.St andarNasionalPendi
dikan.Di
akses dar
i
ht
tp:
//www.bsnpi
ndonesi
a.or
g,padat
anggal11.

Depdikbud.1989.UU RINo.2 Tahun 1982 t ent

ang Si
stem Pendi
dikan
Nasi
onalbesrt
apenjel
asanny
a.Jakar
ta:Bal
aiPust
aka.

Depdikbud.1989.UU RINo 20 Tahun2003 t ent

ang Si
stem Pendi
dikan
Nasi
onalbesert
apenjel
asanny
a.Jakar
ta:Bal
aiPust
aka.

Nawawi
,Hadar
i.1983.Per
undang-
UndanganPendi
dikan.Jakar
ta:Ghal
i
a.

Ti
rt
arahar
dja,
UmardanLasul
o.2005.Pengant
arPendi
dikan.Jakar
ta:Ri
neka
Ci
pta.

I
hsan.Fuad,
DasarDasarKependi
dikan,
Jakar
ta:Ri
nekaCi
pta,
2008.

Kusuma, Rahay u Prati

wi,“ Makal
ah Sist
em Pendi
dikan Nasional”
,
htt
p:/
/rahayukusumaprati
wi.
blogspot
.com/2013/
01/
makal
ah-
sist
em-pendi
dikan-
nasi
onal.ht
ml,(di
aksespada28Mei2013, 21.50)

Wahy ono.Budi,“Defeni
sidan DasaR Si stem Pendidi
kan Nasi
onal
”,
htt
p:/
/www.pendidi
kanekonomi.
com/
2012/12/defi
nisi-
dan-
dasar-
sist
em-
pendi
dikan.
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(di
aksespada28Mei2013,22.25)

Zhalabe:Readi ngIsFundamental,“VisidanMi siPendidi

kanNasi
onal
),
htt
p:/
/zhal
abe.blogspot.
com/2012/03/
visi
-dan-
misi
-pendi
dikan-
nasi
onal.
html#.UaTB_ dI
VMZY,(di
aksespada28Mei2013, 22.05)

25
26